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Animal Nutrition > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most obvious function of Cobalt?

A

structure of Vitamin B12

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2
Q

What is the most obvious function of Iodine?

A

In the thyroid gland

Thyroxine (T4) used for the MBR

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3
Q

What is the most common clinical sign of Iodine deficiency?

A

Goiter (thyroid gland enlargement)

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4
Q

The deficiency of what mineral results in Cretinism (Myxedema)?

A

Iodine

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5
Q

The deficiency of what mineral results in Parakeratosis?

A

Zinc

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6
Q

What are the important functions of Iron in animal’s body?

A

Hemoglobin, myoglobin for oxygen transfer in the blood

ATP production

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7
Q

What is the goitrogenic substance in cassava?

A

Thiocyanate

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8
Q

What is the goitrogenic substance in cabbage, rape, and mustard?

A

Glucosinolates

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9
Q

What is the goitrogenic substance in soybeans?

A

Glucopeptide

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10
Q

What is the goitrogenic substance in peanuts?

A

Metabolites of anthocyanin pigments

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11
Q

carries of Iron in the blood

A

Transferrin

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12
Q

storage form of Iron in liver, spleen, and bone marrow

A

Ferritin

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13
Q

brown and granular pigment of Iron

A

Hemosiderin

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14
Q

What are the primary functions of Copper?

A

Iron metabolism
normal red blood cell formation
collagen formation
melanin for the cell membrane function

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15
Q

What are the deficiency signs of Copper in the animal’s body?

A 
anemia
incoordination and ataxia in lambs
swayback 
bone abnormalities
pigmentation failure
hemorrhages
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16
Q

controls the rate of Iron efflux from cells with mobilizable Iron stores

A

Ceruloplasmin

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17
Q

normal elastin formation in the aorta and the cardiovascular system

A

Lysyl oxidase

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18
Q

normal myelination of the brain cells and spinal cord

A

Cytochrome oxidase

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19
Q

steely wool

A

alopecia

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20
Q

What are Manganese deficiency signs in birds?

A 
Parrot beak
reduced eggshell thickness and strength
ataxia 
star-gazing posture
low hatchability
slipped tendon (perosis)
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21
Q

What is the chief function of Selenium in animals?

A

Structure enzyme glutathione peroxidase
removing peroxides
maintaining the cellular membrane
Pancreatic morphology

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22
Q

What are the deficiency signs of Selenium in an animal’s body?

A

Nutritional muscular dystrophy (white muscle disease)
inflammation of the breast in birds
Liver necrosis

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23
Q

How does Lead toxicity influence the body tissue/organs?

A 
changes in the kidneys
necrosis, hemorrhages, and ulcers in the stomach and small intestine
enlarged joints (osteoporosis)
lesions to the nervous system and brain
24
Q

What are the common signs of poisoning by Cadmium?

A

Reduced growth rate
effects on the testes and kidneys
anemia

25
Q

How are the signs of Cadmium be reduced or prevented nutritionally?

A

It can be reduced by increasing the Iron and Calcium

26
Q

What are the common signs of poisoning by Mercury?

A

Kidney necrosis
accidental death
low hatchability

27
Q

How are the signs of Mercury be reduced/prevented nutritionally?

A

injections of Vitamin E or Selenium

28
Q

What are the common signs of poisoning by Fluorine?

A

Stained teeth in cattle Osteosclerosis

Osteoporosis

29
Q

How are the signs of Fluorine be reduced/prevented nutritionally?

A

increase the Calcium, Magnesium, and Aluminum

30
Q

What are the common signs of poisoning by Molybdenum?

A

Peat scours
anemia
reduced lactation

31
Q

How are the signs of Molybdenum be reduced/prevented nutritionally?

A

supplementing Copper in the diet

32
Q

Vitamin A, D, E, and K are all

A

Fat Soluble Vitamins

33
Q

Vitamin B and C are

A

Water Soluble Vitamins

34
Q

What are the two classes of Vitamins?

A

Fat and Water Soluble

35
Q

What are the storage sites of Vitamin A in the body?

A

Liver
egg yolk
body fats

36
Q

What is the importance of stored Vitamin A?

A

If animals are deficient in Vitamin A, then the stored Vitamin A comes into play

37
Q

What are the main functions of Vitamin A in animal’s body?

A

(eye vision) formation of rhodopsin
epithelial cells
normal bone growth
antioxidants (carotenoids) prevents cancer

38
Q

What kind of eye problems may occur due to Vitamin A deficiency?

A

bulging eyes (exophthalmia)
elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure
night blindness
dryness of the cornea (xerophthalmia)

39
Q

What are the source for Vitamin D2?

A

the active form in plants (ergocalciferol)

40
Q

What are the source for Vitamin D3?

A

The active form in animals (cholecalciferol)

41
Q

How is Vitamin D2 produced?

A

UV radiation

it is converted of ergosterol

42
Q

How is Vitamin D3 produced?

A

fish, liver, fish oil, and egg yolk

it is converted of provitamin 7-dehydrocholesterol

43
Q

Where is the active form of Vitamin D3 made?

A

in the Liver
25-Hydroxycholecalciferol
then in the Kidney
1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol

44
Q

What are the main functions of Vitamin D?

A

normal bone growth
elevation of plasma
function of Calcium binding proteins
enhance immunity

45
Q

What are the main functions of Vitamin E?

A

antibody production
antioxidants
reproduction

46
Q

What are the main functions of Vitamin K?

A

blood clotting

synthesis of prothrombin in the liver

47
Q

What forms of thiamine (Vitamin B1) is involved in decarboxylation reactions?

A 
Thiamine pyrophosphate (TTP)
Lipothiamide (LTP)
48
Q

What are major coenzymes that contain Riboflavin (B2)?

A

FMN

FAD

49
Q

What other coenzymes are related with the B2 coenzymes?

A

B3
NAD
NADP

50
Q

What coenzymes are made up of Niacin (B3)?

A

NAD

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)

51
Q

What is the coenzymes of B3 role in the body?

A

Cellular water formation by transfer of hydrogen from substrates to molecular oxygen

52
Q

What coenzyme is made up of pantothenic acid (B5)?

A

Coenzyme A

53
Q

What is the role of Coenzyme A in the body?

A

For metabolism reactions

54
Q

What is the coenzyme form of pyridoxine (B6)?

A

Pyridoxal phosphate

55
Q

What does the coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate do?

A

It is the metabolism of amino acids
Tryptophan
Tyrosine & phenylalanine
Serine, threonine, homoserine

Animal Nutrition (3 decks)

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