Exam 2 Flashcards
(80 cards)
What hormones does the hypothalamus secrete?
4 Releasing Hormones: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
2 Inhibiting Hormones:
Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH)
Somatostatin
2 Hormones Released into Posterior Pituitary: Oxytocin (OT) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
What hormones does the pituitary secrete?
Anterior Pituitary Hormones: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Prolactin (PRL) Growth hormone (GH)
Posterior Pituitary Hormones:
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Oxytocin (OT)
What hormone does the pineal gland secrete?
Melatonin
What hormones does the thymus secrete?
Thymopoietin
Thymosin
Thymulin
What hormones does the thyroid gland secrete?
Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
What hormones do the parathyroid glands secrete?
Parathyroid hormone
What hormones does the adrenal medulla secrete?
Epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine
What hormones does the adrenal cortex secrete?
Aldosterone
Cortisol and corticosterone
Androgens
Estradiol
What hormones do the pancreatic islets secrete?
Glucagon (alpha cells) Insulin (beta cells) Somatostatin (delta cells) Gastrin (G cells) Pancreatic polypeptide (PP cells or F cells)
What hormones do the gonads secrete?
Ovaries:
Estradiol
Progesterone
Inhibin
Testes:
Testosterone
Inhibin
What are the effects of the releasing hormones of the hypothalamus: TRH, CRH, GnRH, GHRH?
Cause the anterior pituitary to secrete TSH, PRL, ACTH, FSH, LH, and GH.
What are the effects of the inhibiting hormones of the hypothalamus: PIH and somatostatin?
PIH inhibits the secretion of prolactin.
Somatostatin inhibits secretion of GH and TSH by the anterior pituitary.
What are the principal effects of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?
Female: stimulates growth of ovarian follicles and secretion of estrogen
Male: stimulates sperm production
(Secreted by the anterior pituitary)
What are the principal effects of luteinizing hormone (LH)?
Female: stimulates ovulation, stimulates corpus luteum to secrete progesterone (maintenance of corpus luteum)
Male: stimulates testosterone production
(Secreted by the anterior pituitary)
What are the principal effects of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?
Stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)
Secreted by the anterior pituitary
What are the principal effects of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?
Stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids and androgens.
Secreted by the anterior pituitary
What are the principal effects of prolactin (PRL)?
Stimulates milk production (lactation).
Secreted by the anterior pituitary
What are the principal effects of growth hormone (GH)?
Widespread tissue growth; stimulates body growth and protein synthesis.
(Secreted by anterior pituitary)
What are the principal effects of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Water retention (stimulates kidneys to reabsorb more water). (Secreted by posterior pituitary, NOT produced by posterior pituitary).
What are the principal effects of oxytocin (OT)?
Stimulates labor contractions, milk release; possible involved in ejaculation, sperm transport, sexual affection, and mother-infant bonding.
(Secreted by posterior pituitary, NOT produced by posterior pituitary).
What are the principal effects of melatonin?
Involved in setting day/night cycles.
Secreted by pineal gland
What are the principal effects of thymopoietin, thymosin, and thymulin?
Stimulate T lymphocyte development and activity.
Secreted by the thymus
What are the principal effects of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothryonine (T3)?
Increases metabolic rate, O2 consumption, heat production (calorigenic effect), appetite, growth hormone secretion, alertness, quicker reflexes.
(Secreted by thyroid gland)
What are the principal effects of calcitonin?
Stimulates bone deposition, mainly in children.
Secreted by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland