Exam 1

Question 1

Cerebrum

Answer 1

Seat of sensory perception, memory, thought, judgment, and voluntary motor actions.
Neural integration carried out in gray matter of cerebrum.

Question 2

Cerebellum

Answer 2

Monitors muscle contractions and aids in motor coordination.
Timekeeping center- predicting movement of objects and predicts how much eyes must move to compensate for head movements.
Hearing: distinguish pitch.
Planning and scheduling tasks.

Question 3

Diencephalon

Answer 3

Encloses third ventricle.

Includes: thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.

Question 4

Thalamus

Answer 4

“Gateway to cerebral cortex”

Involved in memory and functions of limbic system.

Question 5

Hypothalamus

Answer 5

Plays essential role in homeostatic regulation.
Autonomic effects- major integrating center for ANS (influences heart rate, BP, etc.)
Thermoregulation- monitors body temp.
Food and water intake- regulates sensation of hunger/satiety.
Rhythm of sleep and waking.
Involved in emotional responses.

Question 6

Epithalamus

Answer 6

Consists of pineal gland, habenula (relay from limbic system to midbrain), and thin roof over third ventricle.

Question 7

Midbrain

Answer 7

Contains motor nuclei of cranial nerves III (oculomotor) and IV (trochlear), which control eye movements.
Contains inferior colliculi, which is involved in sending signals from inner ear to brain.
Contains superior colliculi, which is involved in visual attention, reflexes like blinking and pupillary dilation/constriction, and tracking objects visually.

Question 8

Pons

Answer 8

White matter tracts (anterior half of pons) carry sensory and motor signals up and down brainstem.
Cranial nerves V (trigeminal), VI (abducens), VII (facial), and VIII (vestibulocochlear) begin or end in pons.
Reticular formation in pons contains additional nuclei concerned with sleep, respiration, posture.

Question 9

Medulla oblongata

Answer 9

Cardiac center, vasomotor center, respiratory center, reflex center.
Four pairs of cranial nerves begin or end here: IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), XI (accessory), XII (hypoglossal).

Question 10

Frontal lobe

Answer 10

Seat of conscious, abstract thought.
Explicit memory.
Mood.
Motivation,
Foresight and planning.
Decision making.
Emotional control.
Social judgment.
Voluntary motor control.
Speech production.

Question 11

Parietal lobe

Answer 11

Receives and integrates general sensory information, taste, and some visual processing.

Question 12

Temporal lobe

Answer 12

Areas for hearing, smell, learning, memory, and some aspects of vision and emotion.

Question 13

Occipital lobe

Answer 13

Primary visual center- visual awareness and processing.

Question 14

Insula

Answer 14

Understanding spoken language, taste, pain, visceral sensation, consciousness, emotion, cardiovascular homeostasis.

Question 15

Precentral gyrus

Answer 15

Primary motor area

Question 16

Postcentral gyrus

Answer 16

Primary sensory area

Question 17

Alpha waves

Answer 17

8-13 Hz

Awake and resting with eyes closed

Question 18

Beta waves

Answer 18

14-30 Hz

Eyes open and performing mental tasks

Question 19

Theta waves

Answer 19

4-7 Hz
Drowsy/sleeping adults
Normal in children

Question 20

Delta waves

Answer 20

Less than 3.5 Hz
Deep sleep in adults
Awake in infants

Question 21

Cognition

Answer 21

Range of mental processes by which we acquire and use knowledge

Question 22

Memory

Answer 22

Information management entails learning, memory, and forgetting
Hippocampus- important memory forming center

Question 23

Amnesia

Answer 23

Defects in declarative memory, inability to describe past events

Question 24

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 24

Unable to store new information

Question 25

Retrograde amnesia

Answer 25

Person cannot recall things known before injury

Question 26

Emotion

Answer 26

Emotional feelings and memories are interactions between prefrontal cortex and diencephalon
Feelings come from hypothalamus and amygdala