Exam 2 Flashcards
Nervous System
Extensive network of specialized cells that carry information to and from all parts of the body
Neuroscience
Deals with the structure and function of neurons, nerves, and nervous tissue
- relationship to behavior and leaning
Neurons
Structure- process and transmit information
Two types and AXONS & DENDRITES
Dendrites
axon
Receive messages
Carries messages
Glial cells
Provide support for the neurons to grow around
Short term memory
STM lasts from about twelve to thirty seconds without rehearsal
STM
Long term memory
The system of memory where information is going to be keeper more less permanently
ELABORATIVE REHEARSALS- a method of transferring information from STM into LTM MAKE INFORMATION MEANINGFUL
-using examples for you to remember
Working memory
Adaption of short-term memory
- Actively manipulating information
- allows for multiple, simultaneous process
The serial position effect
Learn a list of words and recall them in any order they choose
- recalled on a U-Shaped appearance
PRIMARY EFFECT- the superior recall for the first items on a list short term memory
RECENCY EFFECT- The superior recall of the last words stored in your working memory
Nondeclarative memory
Skills that people know how to do with thinking about it
Also, emotion al association, habits, and simple conditions reflexes that may or may not be in conscious awareness
Ex- getting bit by a bog and you will remember that
Declarative memory
Contains information that is conscious and know
Semantic memory LTM
Contains general knowledge, such as knowledge of languages and information leaning in frontal education
Memory for facts
Episodic memory LTM
Contains personal information not readily available to others
Autobiographic memory
Blending of semantic and episodic memories characterizes autobi memory’s
Blend both memories together
Hippocampus
Long term memory storage
Connectional theories
Model of memory organization that assumes information is stored in the brain in a connected fashion
Ex: your brain works by file cabinets and once you learn that fact you start to know other colors and is stored in a area close to red, in that same file cabinet
Schemes
When we encounter new information, we attempt to fit the new information into an existing scheme
Ex: if I was white app o bing a black male I would be already judging him base off what I know already about black ppl, help us identify information quick
Retrieval : Cues
Cue- any stimulus that helps you access target information
Retrieval cues
Recognition
Recognition- the ability to match a piece of information of stimulus to a stored image or fact
Retrieval cues
RECALL
Recall- short essay test
Pulled from a memory with little to no external cues
Retrieval: Flashbulb memories
Some memories seem permanently etched into our brains
Flashbulb memories
Type of automatic encoding that occurs because an unexpected event has strong emotional associations for the person remembering it
Neural communication
TWO STEP PROCESS
- Electrical signaling: action potential
2. Chemical signaling: neurotransmitters
Ions
Charges particles
- inside neurons: negatively charged
- outside neurons: positively charges
Resting potential
The state of the neuron when not firing a neural impulse
Negative on inside, Positive on outside
Central nervous system
Parts of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord
- carries electronic signals to and from the body
- spinal cord: long bumble of neurons that carries messages to and from the body to the brain is responsible for the very fast, lifesaving reflexes
Motor neurons
Carries messages from the CNS to the muscles of the body
- also called an efferent neuron
- take information to your motor
The brain stem
MEDULLA- Responsible for involuntary reaction
Breathing, swallowing, heart rate
Limbic System
THALAMUS
Thalamus
-The gateway to the cortex, as input from most of our sensory system ( vision, hearing, touch, and taste) travels first to the thalamus
What you see and hear get processed here first
Limbic System
AMYGDALA
Appears to have a role in identifying, remembering, and responding to fear and aggression
- responsible for your fear and aggression
Hypothalamus
The regulation of the body function s as temperature, thirst, biological rhythms, and sexual activities
Make sure you have right temp..
Homeostasis
Hippocampus
Essential to the formation of long-term memories
- memory
Endocrine glands
The transformation of information from one form to another
In a firm you can remember
-include and releases hormones
Memory
A system where we retain information and bring it to the mind
Bottom up approach
Encoding —> Storage —> Retrieval
Sensory memory
First stage of memory: information enters the nervous system threw the sensory system
- SHORT PERIOD OF TIME BUT LARGE amount of information
Different types of sensory memory
Ionic
IONIC- Visual sensory memory
Sensory memory
Eidetic
The ability to access visual for thirty seconds or more
Sensory memory
Echoing
The brief memory of something a person just heard
Short term memory
Holds information for a limited time
Chunking
Helpful to group information together
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Maintenance rehearsal
Saying some information to help you remember something
Working memory
Actively manipulates information
saying something backwards
