Exam 2 Flashcards
What % of BW is water?
1kg= __ L (how does this translate with ml?)
60%
1kg= 1 L 1g= 1ml
What are the areas of fluid distribution and the relative amounts in each (fraction form)
1) intracellular (2/3 of total)
2) extracellular (1/3 of total)
Extracellular is broken down into:
1) intravascular (1/4 of 1/3 total)
2) interstitial (3/4 of 1/3 total)
Dehydration indicates a deficit in which compartment?
Perfusion?
Dehydration= interstitial
Perfusion= vascular compartment
Give the numbers for shock rates in cats and dogs (“safe combo”)
Crystalloids: 90ml/hr, 60ml/hr
Colloids: 20 ml/hr, 10 ml/hr
Hypertonic saline: 4ml/hr (both spp.)
90-60-20-10-4
For determining maintenance rate, what number do you multiply to the BW^.75 in dogs and cats?
dogs–132
cats–70
What is the maximum rate we want to change Na?
0.5 mEq/hr (max= 12mEq/day)
What is the maximum rate we can change K+?
0.5mEq/kg/hr
What criteria must be met to classify:
1) severe sepsis
2) septic shock
3) sepsis
1) organ dysfunction or hypoperfusion
2) hypoperfusion that’s unresponsive to fluid
3) SIRS + infection = sepsis
3 mainstays of treatment for sepsis
1) treat shock
2) antibiotics ASAP (broad spectrum until culture results)
3) control infection source
What differentials should you consider if there is an increased anion gap?
DUEL
DKA
Uremic acids
Ethylene glycol
Lactic acidosis
5 mechanisms by which hypoxemia (PaO2 < 80mmHg) can occur
1) decreased inspired O2
2) hypoventilation
3) V/Q mistmatch
4) shunt
5) diffusion defects
When your patient reaches what status should be you begin CPR?
unresponsive apneic
What are your CPR rates:
1) compressions
2) breaths
1) 100-120 bpm
2) 10 breaths/min (every 6 seconds)
What are the 6 perfusion parameters?
1) mentation
2) MM color
3) CRT
4) pulse rate
5) pulse quality
6) distal temp (extremities)
What factors play into cardiogenic shock? (i.e. areas where the problem might be)
CRAP
Contractility
Rate
Afterload
Preload
