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Epi > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Pathogen outbreak with only 1 case

A

listeria

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2
Q

What is true about trematodes?

A

accidental hosts can contract trematodes via percutaneous exposure in fresh water

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3
Q

T/F: Giardia is killed by chlorine, but Cryptosporidium must be filtered

A

FALSE: both must be filtered

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4
Q

Does the USDA regulate pasteurization of milk?

A

No, FDA regulates this

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5
Q

In which region of the US would you need to be aware of Yersinia pestis

A

Southwest

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6
Q

Hantavirus can infect ____. How do humans get infected?

A

pet rodents

humans inhale aerosolized saliva, feces or urine

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7
Q

What is a cause of sudden death in cattle?

A

Bacillus antracis- Anthrax

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8
Q

Dispositions: TB reactors with ____ can be trimmed and passed w/ restrictions

A

few encapsulated cysts

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9
Q

Mitigation focuses on ____ term goals

A

long

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10
Q

How would a vet contract Leptospirosis?

A

exposure to urine

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11
Q

How would a vet contract West Nile Virus?

A

Via mosquitoes while working in the field

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12
Q

When would a vet be exposed to both Coxiella and Brucella?

A

when treating abortion storms at a farm

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13
Q

T/F you don’t need to wear gloves for a necropsy

A

FALSE wear gloves

you don’t have to wear gloves for normal, healthy animals

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14
Q

Best way to reduce risk of contracting Toxocara?

A

give anthelminthics to dogs/cats

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15
Q

What pathogen has an eradication program in place for cattle in the US?

A

Brucella abortus

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16
Q

PSE meat most common in

A

pork

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17
Q

DFD meat is caused by

A

increased pH due to decreased glycogen stores antemortem

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18
Q

Hemolytic Uremic System (HUS) is seen in which pathogen?

A

E. coli

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19
Q

The most common cause of diarrhea in children worldwide is from what pathogen?

A

Rotavirus

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20
Q

People infected with the Norovirus can continue to shed for

A

2 weeks post illness

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21
Q

What is the most likely source of foodborne intoxicant S. aureus?

A

skin

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22
Q

How is Hepatitis A contracted?

A

fecal oral route

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23
Q

Echinococcus granulosus causes what lesion in the intermediate host?

A

Hydatid: large, unilocular cysts in the tissue

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24
Q

VEEV horses are ___ reservoirs in arboviral encephalitis

A

epizootic

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25
Q

Rodents are ___ reservoirs in arboviral encephalitis

A

enzootic

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26
Q

T/F: alcohol based cleansers are recommended due to frequency of organic materials

A

FALSE

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27
Q

What is the Codex Alimentarius & what does it do?

A

it is an intergovernmental body that determines food standards at an international level

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28
Q

T/F: A lady hosting a dinner using chickens from her back yard must take the chickens to an regulated slaughterhouse according to the PPIA

A

FALSE

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29
Q

What category of vet accreditation can a vet treat minks at a production farm?

A

Cat 1

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30
Q

Where are most cat bites located?

A

hands and arms

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31
Q

T/F: Barbituates are an approved method of humane slaughter

A

FALSE

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32
Q

T/F: Salmonella is a foodborne intoxicant

A

FALSE it is an infection

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33
Q

Two people that ate the same food are experiencing flaccid paralysis. What caused this?

A

Clostridium botulinum

HONEY

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34
Q

Determining human risk of WNV by testing horses and dead birds is an example of what type of surveillance?

A

Sentinel Surveillance

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35
Q

T/F: Brucella melitensis is the most pathogenic strain to humans

A

TRUE

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36
Q

There was an outbreak of dz in red squirrels in Cali. Now the same dz is showing up in brown squirrels in Colorado. This is an example of

A

an emerging dz

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37
Q

Brucellosis in raw milk is an example of

A

zoonosis

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38
Q

What are two components of pre-slaughter food safety?

A

on farm food safety

antemortem inspection

39
Q

According to the rules for disposition, an animal found to have a generalized neoplasia will be

A

condemned

40
Q

Why do downer cows get condemned immediately?

A

bc they are more likely to have BSE prions

41
Q

If you are on call from Monday-Saturday and you are working 65-70 hrs per week, what is more likely to happen?

A

you are most likely to injure yourself

42
Q

T/F: A goal of meat inspection is to make sure all animals on the farm are pathogen free

A

FALSE

43
Q

Quarantining the whole flock after a dz outbreak is an example of

A

reducing contact potential

44
Q

In VEEV, horses are a ____ host

A

reservoir host

not accidental

45
Q

A guy in Texas wants to slaughter 10 of his cows and sell them to a small retail store in Michigan. He must abide by

A

regulations set by the Federal Meat Inspection Act (FMIA)

46
Q

To reduce human exposure to Toxoplasma gondii:

A

clean litter box every day
freeze pork >7 days
cook thoroughly

47
Q

Nematodes are almost always migratory during ___ stage

A

larval

-visceral most common with no CS

48
Q 
Largest emerging nematode
VERY pathogenic
neural and ocular tissue
Dogs function as alternative host
Raccoon roundworm
A

Baylisascaris procyonis

49
Q

Echinococcus multilocularis reservoir

A

canids

50
Q

Hydatid cyst

A

individual, large, fluid filled cyst in multiple tissues

liver and brain

51
Q

Alveolar cyst

A

multiocular, small, solid cysts

liver and lungs

52
Q

Vets exposed to what organism when tx abortion storm at farm

A

Coxiella & Brucella & Mycobacteria

53
Q

Coxiella & Brucella are

A

cat B bioterrorism agents

54
Q

____ problem in countries w/out pasteurization of milk or control programs in cattle

A

M. bovis

55
Q

What happens to Brucellosis + goats

A

they are condemned while pigs/cattle can be slaughtered

56
Q

Brucellosis in raw milk is an example of

A

true zoonosis

57
Q

What has an eradication program in place for cattle in the US

A

Brucella abortus

58
Q

90% of dairy cattle have

A

Coxiella burnetii

59
Q

How to get rid of Cryptosporidium and Giardia?

A

FILTER both

difficult to kill with Cl

60
Q

Transmission of Bacillus anthracis

A

cutaneous, ingestion, infected blood, inhalation

61
Q

Transmission of Yersinia pestis

A

infected animal blood, abscess, rat flea bites

good bioterrorism agent because it is so easy to spread

62
Q

Chlamydia psittaci

A

parrot fever

inhalation/contact

63
Q

What is more pathogenic: WEEV or VEEV?

A

WEEV

64
Q

Bartonella sp. causes what

A

cat scratch dz

actually from cat bites

65
Q

Dermatophytosis

A

ringworm, fungal

self limiting

66
Q

Most common reason for needle sticks

A

recapping needle

67
Q

80% of cat bites become infected with

A

pasteurella

68
Q

Risk factors for making mistakes in the vet field

A

new vets <5yr
working >60hr/ week
sleeping less 6 hrs a night

69
Q

Risk based meat inspection

A

identify & evaluate foodborne dz risks
develop risk management strategies
measure effectiveness (dz burden) and adjust as needed

70
Q

Goal of risk based meat inspection

A

to reduce the burden of dz in a population

71
Q

Tuberculosis and Brucellosis are regulated dzs for meat inspections so this means

A

the infected tissue can be cut away and the rest passed with restrictions

72
Q

HACCP prevents

A

contamination of food during processing

**concern with FOOD SAFETY

73
Q

What does FMIA do?

A

ensure animals used for food are free of foodborne pathogens

74
Q

Pre Slaughter Food Safety

A
  • on farm food safety

- antemortem inspection

75
Q

FMIA exceptions

A

slaughter own animals for self/guests
retail dealers/stores that do NOT slaughter
no mreat inspection required

76
Q

DFD

A

chronic stress prior to slaughter
DECREASED glycogen
HIGH pH
down graded & passed at inspection

77
Q

PSE

A

pale soft exudative
PORK
condemned
postmortem change

78
Q

4 approved methods of slaughter

A

electricity, CO2, Captive bolt, Gunshot

79
Q

What is not covered by humane livestock act

A

poultry

PPIA requires good commercial practice

80
Q

Disposition is the

A

ultimate handling of a carcass or its parts according to current regulations

81
Q

WNV: there is no evidence that human infection occurs from

A

handling dead/ill birds

82
Q

HACCP has a 7 step program to

A

ensure safety of the public

83
Q

Goal of meat inspection is to

A

have meat be foodborne pathogen free

84
Q

USDA regulates

A

meat, poultry, catfish, eggs

85
Q

FDA regulates

A

milk pasteurization, seafood, processed foods

86
Q

Vx for Hepatitis A

A

reduces cases up to 90%

87
Q

Most common foodborne illness worldwide

A

Norovirus- shed 2 weeks post illness

88
Q

Pathogen found in rice

A

bacillus cereus

89
Q

Botulism can cause an ____ with a single incident

A

outbreak

90
Q

AKA cafeteria germ

A

Clostridium perfringens

91
Q

Problem in BBQs, bird reservoir

A

Campylobacter jejuni

92
Q

Unpasterized dairy pathogen

A

Listeria

93
Q

What is the most pathogenic strain of brucella to humans?

In humans?

A

Brucella melitensis

Brucella abortus

Epi (3 decks)

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