Exam 2 Flashcards
Pathogen outbreak with only 1 case
listeria
What is true about trematodes?
accidental hosts can contract trematodes via percutaneous exposure in fresh water
T/F: Giardia is killed by chlorine, but Cryptosporidium must be filtered
FALSE: both must be filtered
Does the USDA regulate pasteurization of milk?
No, FDA regulates this
In which region of the US would you need to be aware of Yersinia pestis
Southwest
Hantavirus can infect ____. How do humans get infected?
pet rodents
humans inhale aerosolized saliva, feces or urine
What is a cause of sudden death in cattle?
Bacillus antracis- Anthrax
Dispositions: TB reactors with ____ can be trimmed and passed w/ restrictions
few encapsulated cysts
Mitigation focuses on ____ term goals
long
How would a vet contract Leptospirosis?
exposure to urine
How would a vet contract West Nile Virus?
Via mosquitoes while working in the field
When would a vet be exposed to both Coxiella and Brucella?
when treating abortion storms at a farm
T/F you don’t need to wear gloves for a necropsy
FALSE wear gloves
you don’t have to wear gloves for normal, healthy animals
Best way to reduce risk of contracting Toxocara?
give anthelminthics to dogs/cats
What pathogen has an eradication program in place for cattle in the US?
Brucella abortus
PSE meat most common in
pork
DFD meat is caused by
increased pH due to decreased glycogen stores antemortem
Hemolytic Uremic System (HUS) is seen in which pathogen?
E. coli
The most common cause of diarrhea in children worldwide is from what pathogen?
Rotavirus
People infected with the Norovirus can continue to shed for
2 weeks post illness
What is the most likely source of foodborne intoxicant S. aureus?
skin
How is Hepatitis A contracted?
fecal oral route
Echinococcus granulosus causes what lesion in the intermediate host?
Hydatid: large, unilocular cysts in the tissue
VEEV horses are ___ reservoirs in arboviral encephalitis
epizootic
Rodents are ___ reservoirs in arboviral encephalitis
enzootic
T/F: alcohol based cleansers are recommended due to frequency of organic materials
FALSE
What is the Codex Alimentarius & what does it do?
it is an intergovernmental body that determines food standards at an international level
T/F: A lady hosting a dinner using chickens from her back yard must take the chickens to an regulated slaughterhouse according to the PPIA
FALSE
What category of vet accreditation can a vet treat minks at a production farm?
Cat 1
Where are most cat bites located?
hands and arms
T/F: Barbituates are an approved method of humane slaughter
FALSE
T/F: Salmonella is a foodborne intoxicant
FALSE it is an infection
Two people that ate the same food are experiencing flaccid paralysis. What caused this?
Clostridium botulinum
HONEY
Determining human risk of WNV by testing horses and dead birds is an example of what type of surveillance?
Sentinel Surveillance
T/F: Brucella melitensis is the most pathogenic strain to humans
TRUE
There was an outbreak of dz in red squirrels in Cali. Now the same dz is showing up in brown squirrels in Colorado. This is an example of
an emerging dz
Brucellosis in raw milk is an example of
zoonosis
What are two components of pre-slaughter food safety?
on farm food safety
antemortem inspection
According to the rules for disposition, an animal found to have a generalized neoplasia will be
condemned
Why do downer cows get condemned immediately?
bc they are more likely to have BSE prions
If you are on call from Monday-Saturday and you are working 65-70 hrs per week, what is more likely to happen?
you are most likely to injure yourself
T/F: A goal of meat inspection is to make sure all animals on the farm are pathogen free
FALSE
Quarantining the whole flock after a dz outbreak is an example of
reducing contact potential
In VEEV, horses are a ____ host
reservoir host
not accidental
A guy in Texas wants to slaughter 10 of his cows and sell them to a small retail store in Michigan. He must abide by
regulations set by the Federal Meat Inspection Act (FMIA)
To reduce human exposure to Toxoplasma gondii:
clean litter box every day
freeze pork >7 days
cook thoroughly
Nematodes are almost always migratory during ___ stage
larval
-visceral most common with no CS
Largest emerging nematode VERY pathogenic neural and ocular tissue Dogs function as alternative host Raccoon roundworm
Baylisascaris procyonis
Echinococcus multilocularis reservoir
canids
Hydatid cyst
individual, large, fluid filled cyst in multiple tissues
liver and brain
Alveolar cyst
multiocular, small, solid cysts
liver and lungs
Vets exposed to what organism when tx abortion storm at farm
Coxiella & Brucella & Mycobacteria
Coxiella & Brucella are
cat B bioterrorism agents
____ problem in countries w/out pasteurization of milk or control programs in cattle
M. bovis
What happens to Brucellosis + goats
they are condemned while pigs/cattle can be slaughtered
Brucellosis in raw milk is an example of
true zoonosis
What has an eradication program in place for cattle in the US
Brucella abortus
90% of dairy cattle have
Coxiella burnetii
How to get rid of Cryptosporidium and Giardia?
FILTER both
difficult to kill with Cl
Transmission of Bacillus anthracis
cutaneous, ingestion, infected blood, inhalation
Transmission of Yersinia pestis
infected animal blood, abscess, rat flea bites
good bioterrorism agent because it is so easy to spread
Chlamydia psittaci
parrot fever
inhalation/contact
What is more pathogenic: WEEV or VEEV?
WEEV
Bartonella sp. causes what
cat scratch dz
actually from cat bites
Dermatophytosis
ringworm, fungal
self limiting
Most common reason for needle sticks
recapping needle
80% of cat bites become infected with
pasteurella
Risk factors for making mistakes in the vet field
new vets <5yr
working >60hr/ week
sleeping less 6 hrs a night
Risk based meat inspection
identify & evaluate foodborne dz risks
develop risk management strategies
measure effectiveness (dz burden) and adjust as needed
Goal of risk based meat inspection
to reduce the burden of dz in a population
Tuberculosis and Brucellosis are regulated dzs for meat inspections so this means
the infected tissue can be cut away and the rest passed with restrictions
HACCP prevents
contamination of food during processing
**concern with FOOD SAFETY
What does FMIA do?
ensure animals used for food are free of foodborne pathogens
Pre Slaughter Food Safety
- on farm food safety
- antemortem inspection
FMIA exceptions
slaughter own animals for self/guests
retail dealers/stores that do NOT slaughter
no mreat inspection required
DFD
chronic stress prior to slaughter
DECREASED glycogen
HIGH pH
down graded & passed at inspection
PSE
pale soft exudative
PORK
condemned
postmortem change
4 approved methods of slaughter
electricity, CO2, Captive bolt, Gunshot
What is not covered by humane livestock act
poultry
PPIA requires good commercial practice
Disposition is the
ultimate handling of a carcass or its parts according to current regulations
WNV: there is no evidence that human infection occurs from
handling dead/ill birds
HACCP has a 7 step program to
ensure safety of the public
Goal of meat inspection is to
have meat be foodborne pathogen free
USDA regulates
meat, poultry, catfish, eggs
FDA regulates
milk pasteurization, seafood, processed foods
Vx for Hepatitis A
reduces cases up to 90%
Most common foodborne illness worldwide
Norovirus- shed 2 weeks post illness
Pathogen found in rice
bacillus cereus
Botulism can cause an ____ with a single incident
outbreak
AKA cafeteria germ
Clostridium perfringens
Problem in BBQs, bird reservoir
Campylobacter jejuni
Unpasterized dairy pathogen
Listeria
What is the most pathogenic strain of brucella to humans?
In humans?
Brucella melitensis
Brucella abortus
