Exam 2

Question 1

Fertilization

Answer 1

Joining of gametes (sperm and egg)

Question 2

Gamete

Answer 2

Egg and sperm

Question 3

Zygote

Answer 3

Single cell of the fused gametes

Question 4

Haploid

Answer 4

Has half the number of chromosomes (23)

Question 5

Diploid

Answer 5

Has the normal amount of chromosomes (46)

Question 6

Binary Fission

Answer 6

Single called organisms that divide into two to make two identical offspring

Question 7

Genes

Answer 7

Units of inheritance from DNA that encode proteins

Question 8

Chromatin

Answer 8

DNA and proteins that form a condensed package

Question 9

Centromere

Answer 9

Holds two sister chromatids together

Question 10

Sister Chromatids

Answer 10

Two copies of the same chromatin joined together at the centromere

Question 11

Homologous Pair

Answer 11

23 pairs, one of each pair is taken by one parent

Question 12

Sex Chromosomes

Answer 12

X and Y chromoses that determine the sex of the offspring
XY- boy
XX- girl

Question 13

Cytokinesis

Answer 13

Division of cytoplasm splitting of two cells

Question 14

Interphase

Answer 14

G1- growth to enter S phase
S- synthesis of duplication of DNA
G2- growth to start mitosis or meiosis

Question 15

Mitosis

Answer 15

Prophase- chromosome becomes visible and nuclear envelope disappears
Metaphase- chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers
Anaphase- chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle
Telophase- chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei form

Question 16

Meiosis

Answer 16

Produces four gamete cells for sexual reproduction

Question 17

Cell plates

Answer 17

In plant cells because of the cell wall. Plants divide their cytoplasm by making a call plate which is composed of membrane and cell wall materials

Question 18

Crossing over

Answer 18

When homologous chromosomes pair, maternal and paternal chromosomes overlap ends of their sister chromatids and swap genetic information

Question 19

Character

Answer 19

An inherited feature that varies from one individual to another

Question 20

Trait

Answer 20

Variations in characters

Question 21

Allele

Answer 21

Different types of genes

Question 22

Homozygous

Answer 22

Both alleles from parents are the same

Question 23

Heterozygous

Answer 23

Both alleles rom parents are different

Question 24

Dominant

Answer 24

Allele that determines the organisms appearance

Question 25

Recessive

Answer 25

Allele that doesn’t show

Question 26

Phenotype

Answer 26

Physical appearance of traits

Question 27

Genotype

Answer 27

Genetic appearance of the trait

Question 28

Incomplete dominance

Answer 28

Occurs in heterozygous where both alleles blend together to make a phenotype
(Red and white make pink)

Question 29

Codominance

Answer 29

Both alleles are present in the organisms phenotype (not blended) black and white make black and white spotted