Exam 1

Question 1

4 macromolecules

Answer 1

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

Question 2

Lysosomes

Answer 2

Contain an array of enzymes capable of breaking down all types of biological polymers (proteins, carbohydrates, etc)

Question 3

Chloroplast

Answer 3

A plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place (plant cells only)

Question 4

Central Vacuole

Answer 4

Largest organelle in plant cells only, holds materials and wastes, also helps to maintain proper pressure for the cell

Question 5

Cell Wall

Answer 5

A rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria

Question 6

Cilia

Answer 6

Slender protuberances that project from the cell body, only found in eukaryotic cells

Question 7

Flagella

Answer 7

A slender threadlike structure that allow bacteria like cells to swim

Question 8

Cytoskeleton

Answer 8

Give the cell its shape and offers support during movement, in plant and animal cells

Question 9

Nucleus and nuclear envelope

Answer 9

Contains majority of the cells genetic material

Question 10

Plasma membrane

Answer 10

Forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm and keeps track of objects moving in and out of the cell

Question 11

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

Involved in protein and lipid synthesis (smooth and rough)

Question 12

Ribosome

Answer 12

Protein builders by connecting amino acids

Question 13

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 13

Receives proteins and lipids from the rough ER. It modifies some of them and sorts them and packs them into vesicles

Question 14

Vesicle

Answer 14

Consists of fluid enclosed by a lipid bilayer

Question 15

Mitochondria

Answer 15

Power house of the cell, converting oxygen and nutrients into ATP

Question 16

Passive Transport

Answer 16

Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated
*doesnt require energy to perform

Question 17

Active Transport

Answer 17

Requires energy to perform

Question 18

Saturated vs Unsaturated Fats

Answer 18

Saturated have all single C-H bonds

Unsaturated have double C-H bonds

Question 19

Aerobic pathway

Answer 19

Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain

Question 20

Glycolysis

Answer 20

In cytosol
Glucose changed to pyruvate
ATP is a byproduct

Question 21

Krebs Cycle

Answer 21

In mito
Forms CO2
Releases ATP

Question 22

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 22

In mito
Transfers electrons from donors to acceptors
Creates a protein gradient that drives the synthesis of ATP