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RUSVM Parasitology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

A cat comes into the clinic for a routine check up. It has no clinical signs of dz. The cat is indoor/outdoor. The owner reports that the cat likes hunting around the fish pond that is loaded with frogs and goldfish. The cat seems healthy, but after running a routine fecal there are honey colored operculated eggs found that are much larger than normal helminth eggs. Name the possible parasite.

A

Alaria spp.

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2
Q

Alaria spp. is infective at what stage to the final host?

A

mesocercariae

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3
Q

A fox hit by a car comes into the clinic and the animal control officer asks you to necropsy it. In the stomach you find that a frog has recently been eaten by the fox and just for funsies you open up the frog and friend evidence of pulmonary hemorrhage. You immediatly ask the animal control officer about his hygeine protocols. Why are you asking and what is the common name of the parasite you suspect?

A

Alaria spp. (INTESTINAL FLUKE) is zoonotic and humans can be a paratenic host

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4
Q

Which parasite has an obligatory paratenic host?

A

Platynosomum fastosum

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5
Q

You are a seventh semester working in a clinic on St. Kitts. A stray cat is brought in and you perform an abdominal palpation and discover an enlarged liver. You confirm this with ultrasound. You then check the eye for icterus because you suspect what disease associated with this parasite?

A

Lizard poisoning from Platynosomum fastosum

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6
Q

When adopting a kitten on St. Kitts what should you do to prevent issues with Platynosomum fastosum? How should you treat if your kitten becomes infected?

A

Prevent lizard hunting. Treat with praziquantel

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7
Q

All trematodes have this as its first/only intermediate host

A

snails

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8
Q

This trematode infects bile ducts and if untreated can lead to obstruction of ducts and eventual death of the final host.

A

Platynosomum fastosum

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9
Q

Crayfish are the second intermediate host for what parasite?

A

Paragonimus kellicotti

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10
Q

What is the common name of the adult trematode can be described as red/brown and “coffee beanish”

A

Lung fluke

(Paragonimus kellicotti)

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11
Q

True or false

The PPP of a dog infected with lung flukes is up to 10 weeks.

A

False

PPP 4-5 weeks

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12
Q

Another vet asks you to consult on a cat case. They treated this female indoor/outdoor cat for a bacterial pneumonia infection, but the symptoms have not resolved and the cat has an intermittent cough. You check the other vets x rays and discover small cysts in the lung parenchyma. Name the parasite. How many adults in the cysts?

A

Paragonimus kellicotti

2 per cyst

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13
Q

Which parasite is zoonotic?

A. Paragonimus kellicotti

B. Nanophyetus salmincola

C. Dirofilaria immitis

D. Trichuris suis

A

All are ;)

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14
Q

You are watching Yukon vet on tv. She orders a lot of Praziquantel, Fenbendazole, and Tetracycline prior to the salmon run. What parasite is she preparing to see many cases of in the coming months?

A

Nanophyetus salmincola w/ a simultaneous Neorickettsia helminthoeca infection

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15
Q

True or false

salmon poisoning flukes have the possibility of a paratenic host in their life cycle.

A

False

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16
Q

A dog comes into the clinic. The dog is showing extreme signs of dz with vomiting, diarrhea, enlarged lymph nodes, and a sudden fever. You ask if there are other animals in the house and they say they have a cat. The cat has vomited once, but has shown no other signs of disease and has a history of hairballs. They both have eaten scraps from the family’s salmon BBQ. Should the cat come in?

A

Bring the cat in it may also be infected with Nanophyetus salmincola, but dogs show signs more extremely than other final hosts

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17
Q

Oxyuris equi is very similar to a human parasite called _____.

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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18
Q

You get a field call from a horse owner who reports a horse rubbing its rump against the stall walls to the point that the hair has been rubbed off. You know exactly what the parasite is and bring what in your bag to collect a sample for concrete diagnosis.

A

You bring tape for adhesive tape method on the perianal region of the horse

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19
Q

Large pinworms are so irritating because of what stage of their direct life cycle?

A

The female (Oxyuris equi) lay eggs in perineum in an itchy gelatinous substance when released into the environment.

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20
Q

True or false

If you visulaize adult large pinworms they are most likely female.

A

True

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21
Q

PPP of Oxyuris equi

A

4-5 months

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22
Q

This nematode causes nodules to form at the margo plicatus of equines and results in tumors.

A

Draschia megastoma

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23
Q

Musca spp. and Stromoxys calcitrans (flies) are the intermediate hosts of what nematodes (common name).

A

Stomach nematodes

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24
Q

Migrating L3 of this nematode causes ______ in equines. This is a seasonal phenomenon that causes cutaneous habronemiasis/draschiasis. How can you get a definitive diagnosis?

A

“summer sores”

Larva in scraping of skin leasions

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25
Q

Controlling fly population can help prevent and limit infections by what types of nematodes.

A

Draschia megastoma, Habronema spp.

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26
Q

18% of the stray cats on St. Kitts are infected with this parasite that infect the stomach and cause vomiting, catarrhal gastritis, and blood in the feces

A

Physaloptera spp

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27
Q

Physaloptera spp. infect canines/felines and the intermediate hosts are

A.beetles

B. cockaroaches

C. Crickets

D. Mosquitos

A

A,B,C

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28
Q

PPP of Physaloptera spp. is ____

A

8-10 weeks

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29
Q

You are in Africa treating some lions with weakness, and loss of condition. All of the common causes have been eliminated. You watch the lions eating and see that they are having trouble swallowing and regurge most of their food. You have access to a portable radiograph machine, would this be a useful diagnostic tool?

A

Yes, because you suspect Spirocerca lupi

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30
Q

Which parasite causes esophageal granulomas (subsequent sarcomas) and can lead to the development of osteosarcoma spondylosis and osteopathies.

A

Spirocerca lupi

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31
Q

What is the common name of the nematode whose intermediate host is a dung beetle and whose paratenic hosts are chickens, birds, lizards, and mice

A

Esophageal worm

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32
Q

The L3 of this parasite migrates from the stomach wall via the celiac artery/thoracic aorta to esophagus. Name the nematode

A

Spirocerca lupi

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33
Q

PPP of esophageal worm is ___

A

6 months

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34
Q

A horse owner calls with concern about some tissue nodules and scaly pruritic dermatitis around the whithers. You go to the farm and biopsy the nodule. You incubate in saline and discover the parasite is ____

A

Onchocerca cervicalis

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35
Q

Name the intermediate host of Onchocerca cervicalis

A

culicoides spp.

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36
Q

What is the predilection site of infection of Onchocerca cervicalis

A

ligamentum nuchae in whithers

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37
Q

You distinguish microfilaria of Acanthocheilonema reconditum from mff of D. immitis by what 2 features?

A
  1. blunt head
  2. buttonhook (curved tail)
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38
Q

transmission of Acanthocheilonema reconditum by what 3 arthropods?

A
  1. fleas
  2. ticks
  3. lice
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39
Q

Acanthocheilonema reconditum is diagnosed with what method?

A

Mff in blood smear

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40
Q

What parasite should you be shouting in your head when you see a mosquito?

A

Dirofilaria immitis

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41
Q

Is heartworm zoonotic?

A

Yes

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42
Q

What stage of heart worm in infective to final host?

A

L3 infective and transferred during mosquito blood meal

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43
Q

True or false

Dirofilaria immitis mff have progressive movement just like Acanthocheilonema reconditum.

A

False D. immitis does not have progressive movement

Acanthocheilonema reconditum mff does

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44
Q

A dog comes in with exercise intolerance, another coughing, and the third is asymptomatic. All three come up with a positve heartworm antigen test. Was there a mix up of samples or is this possible? What could confirm results?

A

These are all possible in heart worm cases and you can confirm with an mff blood smear.

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45
Q

true or false?

There is no need to test before starting preventative

A

False

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46
Q

Treatment includes prophylaxis, doxycycline, adulticide, and cage rest because

A

this targets all life stages of Dirofilaria immitis

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47
Q

Adult infection site is the ____ arteries but can infect the _____ and ______ in large parasite loads.

A

distal parts of Pulmonary arteries

Right heart

caudal vena cava

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48
Q

What parasite infects D. immitis and increases resistence of blood flow and partial tricuspid closure

A

Wolbachia spp.

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49
Q

Most common poultry nematode

A

Heterakis gallinarum

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50
Q

Heterakis spp. infects what site in domestic and wild fowl?

A

cecum

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51
Q

“blackhead” in turkeys is caused by the transmission of ______

A

histomonas meleagridis

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52
Q

This nematode usually infects ducks, pheasants, quail, and chickens. It causes diarrhea, emaciation, and death. Name the nematode?

A

Heterakis isolonche

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53
Q

This is a non-pathogenic nematode which infects wild and domestic fowl.

A

Heterakis dispar

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54
Q

What is the common name of the nematode which is the most common poultry nematode and often is fatal?

A

Poultry cecal worm

55
Q

Earthworms and flies are the paratenic host of this non-bursate nematode. Name the nematode

A

Heterakis spp.

56
Q

The life cycle of this parasite in the equine is alternating homogenic/heterogonic with an infective L3. Name the parasite.

A

Strongyloides westeri

57
Q

The most common mode of infection of Strongyloides westeri is ____, but per os and per cutaneous is possible.

A

transmammary

58
Q

This equine parasite has a high occurance rate in stables/bedding/frenzy and causes inflamed small intestines, diarrhea, anorexia, and wt loss. Immunity usually occurs after 5 months of age in host. Infection can lead to erythematous rxn and urticaria precutaneous. Name the parasite’s common name

A

threadworm

59
Q

The sheep/goat/cattle threadworm is usually transmitted via transmammary (poss per os, percutaneous). it is treated with MCL’s/Anthelmintics. Name the nematode

A

Strongyloides papillosus

60
Q

True or false

Strongyloides papillosus affects mature animals more than young animals.

A

False

61
Q

What stage is used to diagnose Strongyloides papillosus.

A

Fecal float of egg with L1

62
Q

What host species is infected with Strongyloides ransomi?

A

pig

63
Q

PPP of Strongyloides ransomi

A

2 days

64
Q

A farmer calls upset because his new piglets are exhibiting weight loss and some of the neonates are dying. He takes a fecal sample from the dead neonates pens, but there are no eggs in the feces that cause these symptoms. None of the adults are exhibiting clinical signs. Name the parasite

A

Strongyloides ransomi

65
Q

Heavy infection is most common with what parasite?

Trichuris spp.

Trichuris vulpis

Trichuris suis

A

Trichuris vulpis

66
Q

true or false

The swine whipworm, ________, is zoonotic

A

true

Trichuris suis

67
Q

The esophogus of _______ is identifiable by a single cell column in tube.

A

Trichuris spp.

68
Q

Severe infection of ______ in the cecum/colon causes diarrhea, weight loss, dehydration, and death

A

whipworm

Trichuris spp.

69
Q

Lemon shaped eggs are indicative of what common name parasite

A

whipworm

70
Q

Largest white nematode in poultry

A

Ascaridia spp

71
Q

Why are free range chickens more susceptible to Ascaridia spp. than others?

A

Because of the paratenic host (EARTHWORM)

72
Q

Broiler chicken specific roundworm with decreased pathogenicity from adults and increased pathogenicity (anorexia, decreased feed conversion, diarrhea, obstruction) from larva

A

Ascaridia galli

73
Q

Which roundworm in birds is non-pathogenic

A

Ascaridia dissimilis

74
Q

True or false

Heterakis eggs are larger than Ascaridia spp. eggs

A

false

75
Q

PPP of Ascaridia spp.

A

28 day - 8 weeks

76
Q

These parasites infect birds, have earthworms as an intermediate host, infect alimentary tract/small intestine, cause anemia, and death. Name the nematode and should the owner be warned of anything?

A

Capillaria obsignata

this is zoonotic

77
Q

Eucoleus (Capillaria) aerophilus infect the respiratory tract of what host species?

A

cats

78
Q

These host specific parasites infect canines/felines/fox and earthworms are the intermediate host. Adult worms are hair-like and eggs are barrel shaped with bipolar plugs.

A

Capillaria spp

79
Q

This nematode infects pigs, mammals, birds, and reptiles. In animals no clinical signs, but in people clinical signs are exhibited. Adult parasites are rarely seen, but coiled L1 seen in muscle. Name the nematode

A

Trichinella spp

80
Q

Transmission of Trichinella spp

A

ingestion of raw/undercooked pork/game meats

81
Q

What are the tree ways to diagnose Trichinella spp?

A

pooled sample digestion

ELISA

squash prep method

82
Q

This zoonotic nematode infects the kidney (usually the right side) of dogs/fox/minks

A

Dioctophyme renale

83
Q

These are the largest nematode of domestic animals that produce thick rough shelled eggs found in the urine of the host. Infections are rare cause dyuria/hematouria and poss destroy the kidney. What is the parasite and what is the common name?

A

Dioctophyme renale

Giant kidney worm

84
Q

Lambs and kids are susceptible to this parasite in heavy loads causing diarrhea/obstruction. The intermediate host is an oribatid mite. You would treat with albendazole/praziquantel/niclosamide, but the scolex may remain post treatment. Name the parasite

A

Moniezia spp

85
Q

What is the common name of this parasite with eggs that are triangular in shape and adults have unarmed scolex w/ suckers and proglottids that are broader that they are long with double genital pores.

A

milk tapeworm

double pored ruminant tapeworm

sheep tapeworm

86
Q

This equine cestode is not seasonal because the intermediate host is found in bedding/hay/grass. It is non-pathogenic except in high parasite loads. They attach at ileocecal valve which can lead to parial occlusion of the valve, intersussception of ileum, cecal ulcers. Name the trematode

A

Anoplocephala perfoliata

87
Q

This adult parasite infects equines and is short, broad, white with a rounded scolex and has a lappet behind each of the 4 suckers. It has short proglottids.

A

Anoplocephala perfoliata

88
Q

This equine cestode adult is long and large with no lappets. It infects the small intestines and only causes pathogenisis (unthriftiness) in large parasite loads. Name the cestode

A

Anoplocephala magna

89
Q

True or false

Anoplocephala magna is a seasonal cestode with oribatid mites as its intermediate host.

A

False it is not seasonal but oribatid mites are the intermediate host

90
Q

This cestode infects domestic/wild fowl and the intermediate hosts are beetles and ants. The eggs of this parasite are not distinguishable from choanotaenia eggs. Name the cestode

A

Raillietina spp

91
Q

The site of infection of this fowl cestode is the small intestine. Acute infection results in nodules/hyperplasti enteritis. Name this disease process

A

Nodular tapeworm disease

92
Q

This cestode infects domestic/wild fowl where the adult infects the small intestine. It is very prevalent in Africa. Necropsy is the best form of diagnosis because the eggs are not distinguishable from Raillientina spp. eggs

A

Choanotaenia spp

93
Q

The intermediate hosts of Choanotaenia spp. are ___ and ____

A

beetles

houseflies

94
Q

This cestode is identified by the cucumber-seed/rice-grain in the bedding. These packets have 10-20 eggs in each. It infects dogs, cats, and humans

A

Dipylidium caninum

95
Q

What is the common name of the cestode that develops simultaneously with its intermediate hosts?

A

Flea tapeworm/double pore tapeworm/cucumber tapeworm/dog tapeworm

96
Q

True or false

Dipylidium caninum segment’s causes discomfort in its hosts which makes host excessively groom the perineum area. This tapeworm is very zoonotic.

A

False this is rarely zoonotic

97
Q

true or false

Paramphistomum spp requires multiple intermediate hosts.

A

False

one intermediate host (snails)

98
Q

This parasite infects domestic/wild ruminants. It is usually not parasitic, but if there are large numbers there are 2 stages of infections. The first is from the trematodes themselves where the larval migration causes severe enteritis, diarrhea, anorexia, depression, dehydration, anemia, hemorrhage, bottle jaw. The secondary infection is from clostridium that can accompany the trematode, and this causes death to the final host. Name the parasite

A

Paramphistomum spp

99
Q

The adult trematodes are conic/ pear shaped, pink, and have aventral sucker at posterior end. The eggs are operculated and light yellow. What is the common name of this trematode?

A

rumen fluke, stomach fluke

100
Q

true or false

During acute infection of Paramphistomum spp. there are eggs found in the feces

A

False no eggs in feces because clinical signs occur before the end of the 7-10 week PPP

101
Q

This trematode has the following final hosts, intermediate host, aberrant hosts, and dead-end hosts.

FH: white tail deer, elk, caribou, wild cervids

IH: snails

AH: sheep, goat, roe, deer, rabbits

DH: cattle, moose, horse, sika, deer, bison, pigs

A

Fascioloides magna

102
Q

In the final host this trematode forms a fibrous cyst with paired adult trematodes in the liver and the eggs pass through a hole in the cyst to enter bile and pass in feces. Name the trematode

A

Fascioloides magna

103
Q

In the dead-end host this trematode forms a cyst in the liver, but there is no hole for the eggs to pass through so the eggs cannot be passed. Name the common name of this trematode.

A

Large american liver fluke/deer fluke

104
Q

If an abherrant host is infected with Fascioloides magna what happens to the host?

A

It dies before patency w/ immature flukes migrating

105
Q

Are eggs detectable in the feces of abherrant and dead end hosts infected with large american liver flukes?

A

No, diagnose with necropsy

106
Q

You send out a notice to all of the farmers in the area that there is an increase in white tail deer in the area and to be careful of contamination to their herds. You advise them to drain wet pastures too. Sheep farmers and cattle farmers are taking an economic hit at slaughter because the livers of their animals are being condemned. Which farmers have the higher economic risk in the case of Fascioloides magna and why?

A

Sheep farmers because sheep are Aberrant hosts and they die before patency of large american liver flukes.

107
Q

This trematode cannot be treated with praziquantel.

A

Fasciola hepatica

108
Q

This fluke accounts for 3-4% of annual condemnation of livers in the US. 2.5 billion lost worlwide because of condemned livers.

A

Fasciola hepatica

109
Q

true or false

“pipestem” livers are caused by larval migration of Fasciola hepatica

A

false

caused by blood consuming adults which irritate the liver make it susceptible to diseases such as clostrdial, salmonellosis

110
Q

These mature flukes infect cattle/sheep/goats/horse/deer/humans/mammals and infect the bile ducts of the liver and the gallbladder

A

Fasciola hepatica

111
Q

Do you have to worry about zoonosis when some sheep and goats who live next to a large pond start exhibiting anemia, bottlejaw, decreased milk production, and elevated globulin/albumin.

A

Yes

Fasciola hepatica

112
Q

This cestode is non pathogenic in the final hosts (dog/foxes), but the larval stages infect the liver and peritoneum of the intermediate hosts (rabbits).

A

Taenia pisiformis

113
Q

PPP of Taeina pisiformis

A

56 days

114
Q

Although it is rare zoonosis can occur from this parasite because humans are the intermediate host. In humans the larva infect the abdominal cavity, cerebellum, subq, muscles, and the eye

A

Taenia crassiceps

115
Q

The intermediate host of this cestode is livestock (espeially sheep)

A

Taenia hydatigena

116
Q

True or false

Massive infection can occur in the intermediate host (ruminants) if the eat part of the tapeworm.

A

False

must ingest entire tapeworm and proglottids

117
Q

Acute fasciolosis occurs by increased numbers of ________ migrating through the liver. This results in _______

A

larva

death

118
Q

Taenia hydatigena are very similar looking to _______

A

Echinococcus granslosus

119
Q

This cestode’s final host is the cat, the intermediate host is small rodents, and the infective larval stage is strobilocercus. Name the cestode

A

Taenia Taeniaeformis

120
Q

This parasite infects wild canids/dogs/**foxes** limited to the northern hemisphere and the infectetive larval stage is the alveolar hydatid cyst which infects the intermediate host live and metastisis to other organs. Adults infect small intestines of final hosts

A

Echinococcus multilocularis

121
Q

What is the common name of the zoonotic cestode that has a larval stage which grows exponentially and causes pressure necrosis of surrounding tissue

A

In humans alveolar echinococcosis

in dogs echinococcosis

122
Q

You suspect a nursing puppy from a breeding facility that has come into the clinic to have threadworm. It presents with decreased body weight and diarrhea. How would you diagnose this?

A

Baermann look for eggs with L1

123
Q

What nematode has a direct life cycle and infects dogs and cats. The esophogus is 1/3 of the body length of the adult worm.

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

124
Q

This cestode has a 2 stage intermediate hosts. The first being copepd crustacean the second being fresh water fish. The adults infect the small intestines of humans and fish eating mammals. The larva are in the muscles of fish and are asymptomatic. Name the cestode.

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

125
Q

You are hiking in the woods and see a bear. Before you freak out and run in the other direction you notice the bear pawing at its stomach painfully, the bear is in poor BCS. You call a vet and after sedating the bear tests reveal macrocytic anemia. What is the common name if this cestode.

A

Fish/Broad tapeworm

126
Q

This cestode is maintained in the environment primarily by its Dog-sheep (domestic) life cycle, but can also be sustained by its sylvatic cycles. Name the parasite

A

Echinococcus granulosus

127
Q

Echinococcus granulosus is zoonotic for people and is passed when people _______

A

ingest oncospheres

128
Q

The larval site of infection affects the intermediate hosts by infecting which sites?

A. liver

B. Lungs

C. bones

D. brain

E. small intestine

A

A-D

129
Q

True or false

Sparganosis and zipperworm are the same parasite

A

true

130
Q

Beef tapeworm/Pearly beef PPP

A

70-84 days

131
Q

If this parasite gets into the cattle heart it can cause myocarditis and heart failure, due to the cysticerci developing in the heart

A

Taenia saginata

132
Q

The final host of this parasite is the small intestine and ot causes discomfort when the segments are passed

A

Taenia saginata

133
Q

What parasite is the most common reason for infectious seizures

A

Taenia solium

134
Q
A

RUSVM Parasitology (6 decks)

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