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RUSVM Parasitology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What 6 questions about parasites are Veterinarians asked by their clients?

A
  1. What is it?
  2. How can you tell my animal has it?
  3. Where did it come from? How did my animal become infected/infested?
  4. What harm does it cause?
  5. How can it be gotten rid of? How can it be prevented? Controlled?
  6. Will it infect people?
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2
Q

type of host that a parasite is (in/on) in which the parasite can develop

A

host spectrum

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3
Q

its called _____ when a host can develop completely in one host

A

host specific

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4
Q

its called ___ when a parasite can develop in several different hosts

A

broad host spectrum

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5
Q

True or false?

A parasite may require 1 or more hosts for development or may utilise a host (ex. insect) simply for transmission between hosts.

A

True

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6
Q

_______ is the term used when endoparasites, such as helminths and protozoa, infect the host internally

A

Infection

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7
Q

_______ is the term used when ectoparasites, such as acari and insects, attach to or occupy the host

A

Infestation

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8
Q

______ is the preferred site in or on the host, which is characteristic for a parasite species

A

Predilection site

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9
Q

______ is the site in or on a host which is not a normal location for a parasite.

A

Aberrant site

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10
Q

______ is is the mechanism of how a disease develops

A

Pathogenisis

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11
Q

Pathogenisis includes chronological changes that give rise to gross changes and clinical signs in which (3) host structures?

A
  • cells
  • organs
  • tissues
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12
Q

________ are the differences found in tissues of an animal from what is normal, and are observed by eye or microscopically.

A

Lesions

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13
Q

Lesions seen with your eyes

A

gross lesions

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14
Q

Lesions seen with microsopy

A

microscopic lesions

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15
Q

these are somewhat similar to bacterial or viral infections; the host is infected, and in most cases, species, or strain-specific, immunity develops, the parasite is eliminated, and the host is protected against a subsequent infection,

A

self limiting infections

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16
Q

the infection may be long standing, sometimes for years

A

chronic infection

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17
Q

True or false?

The pathogenesis of a parasite does not directly relate to the importance of a parasite and the need (or not) to treat for the parasite

A

false

(does directly relate)

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18
Q

True or false?

The clinical signs associated with disease may be a result of both the parasite and the host response to it

A

True

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19
Q

Describe helminth diagnosis techniques

A
  1. presence of adults, developing stages, eggs, or larvae in feces, blood, or urine remains the most common
  2. Serology (ELISA)
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20
Q

Describe protozoa diagnostic techniques

A

examination of

  • fecal samples
  • blood
  • skin
  • muscle
  • other tissues
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21
Q

Ectoparasite diagnostic techniques dependent on?

A
  • the collection and identification of the parasite(s)
  • stages concerned
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22
Q

PPP

A

Prepatent period

time from infection to when eggs, cysts, or larvae appear in body fluids of, or excretions from, the difinitive host

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23
Q

What type of parasite does this “spaghetti” remind you of?

A

Nematodes

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24
Q

What type of parasite is this?

A

Nematode

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25
Q

What are the major parts of the nematode?

A
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26
Q

Classify the parasite name?

A

Ancylostoma caninum

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27
Q

Classify the type of nematode?

A

Large Strongyles

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28
Q

What type of nematode is this and what is the arrow pointing to?

A

Strongyloides papillosus

arrow pointing to the esophogus (1/3 of parasite body length)

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29
Q

This “y” representation is common with _____ nematodes?

A

Mammomonogamus spp

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30
Q

What is this type of nematode and what is this structure?

A

Haemonchus contortus: bursa of male

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31
Q

What is the common name of the nematode in this picture?

A

Hookworm

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32
Q

What type of nematode is this?

Name the structures in this cross section

A

Cross-section through Ascaris

d. n. Dorsal nerve
n. c. non-contractile portion of muscle cells
c. Cuticle
e. Epidermis
l. l. lateral line
e. v. excretory vessel
m. contractile portion of muscle cells
v. n. ventral nerve
ov. Ovary ut. Uterus g. gut

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33
Q

What is this?

A

Heartworm adults

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34
Q

What is this?

A

Heartworm in blood slide

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35
Q

Hwat type of nematode is this?

A

Toxocara cati: “arrow” head

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36
Q

What type of nematode is this?

A

Large strongyle

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37
Q

Name the type of nematode and the important structure to notice

A

Haemonchus contortus: female vulva

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38
Q

What type of nematode egg is A?

A

Nematodirus

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39
Q

What type of nematode egg is B?

A

Trichostrongyloid

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40
Q

What stages are found in animal/environment/feces?

A

Animal: L3, L4, L5, adult, egg

Feces: egg

Environment: L1, L2, L3

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41
Q

What type of life cycle is this and what stage is infective?

A

Direct: Infective third-stage larva (L3)

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42
Q

What stages of this parasite are found in the final host/mosquito?

A

Animal: L3, L4, L5, adult, L1 (mff)

Mosquito: L1, L2, L3

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43
Q

What type of life cycle is this and what is the infective stage?

A

Direct: Infective third-stage larva (L3)

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44
Q

What type of lifecycle is this and what is the infective stage(s)?

A

Direct: Infective egg with a larva (L1 or L2 or L3; depending on the species)

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45
Q

What type of life cycle is this and what is the infective stage?

A

Indirect: Infective third-stage larva (L3)

Indirect: Adult-egg-L1-L2-L3-L4-L5

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46
Q

-iasis = parasite is_____

A

present

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47
Q

-osis = _____ is caused by parasite

A

disease

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48
Q

What category of parasite is this representing?

A

Nematode

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49
Q

What type of life cycle is this representing?

A

direct

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50
Q

What is the common name of these?

A

hookworm

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51
Q

What is the superfamily of the egg labeled A?

A

Ancylostomatoidea

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52
Q

Which is a more accurate sample to be used for diagnostics?

A

fresh sample

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53
Q

What type of nematodes are these examples of?

A

Ancylostomatoidea

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54
Q

Which one is the male and which is the female?

A

male left and female right

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55
Q

What is the name of this parasite and its gender?

A

Ancylostoma caninum (male)

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56
Q

What type of egg is this?

A

Ancylostoma caninum

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57
Q

What is this parasite?

A

Ancylostoma caninum

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58
Q

What nematode made this damage to small intestine?

A

Ancylostoma caninum

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59
Q

What types of little wormies are these pointing to?

A

Ancylostoma caninum

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60
Q

What are pale mucus membranes a clinical sign of?

A

Ancylostoma caninum

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61
Q

What is this picture representing?

A

Cutaneous larva migrans: hookworm

62
Q

What is this picture representing?

A

Cutaneous larva migrans: hookworm

63
Q

The left picture is an example of ____ while the right is an example ____. (diff types of mouth parts)

A

Hookworms: teeth vs cutting plate

64
Q

What is the common name of these eggs?

A

hookworm

65
Q

Fecal flotation on a 4-year-old intact male cat reveals this parasite ova. What clinical disease is this parasite most commonly associated with?

A

anemia

66
Q

What superfamily of nematode are these?

A

Strongyloidea

67
Q

What are the red worms?

A

Strongylus vulgaris

68
Q

What are the common names of these worms?

A

Small and large Strongyles

69
Q

What is the common name of the parasite with these egg types?

A

Large Strongyles

70
Q

What is the common name of these nematodes?

A

Large Strongyles

71
Q

What Large Strongyles species is this?

A

S. vulgaris

72
Q

What Large Strongyles species is this?

A

S. edentatus

73
Q

What Large Strongyles species is this?

A

S. equinus

74
Q

This is an example of damage from which nematode?

A

Strongylus vulgaris

75
Q

This is an example of damage from which nematode?

A

Strongylus vulgaris

76
Q

Which nematode is causing this damage?

A

Strongylus edentatus

77
Q

What host species are these colon samples both found in?

A

horse

78
Q

What nematode is this?

A

Cyathostomins

79
Q

What nematode is this sample of?

A

Cyathostomins

80
Q

What nematode caused the damage seen in this sample?

A

Cyathostomins

81
Q

What stage and species caused the damage seen in this sample?

A

Larval cyathostominosis

82
Q

What type of nematode exhibits these type of eggs?

A

Oesophagostomum spp.

83
Q

What type of nematode can exhibit this type of tisse damage?

A

Oesophagostomum spp

84
Q

What adult nematodes in trachea or lungs of birds with the “y” configuation?

A

Syngamus trachea

85
Q

What adult nematodes in trachea or lungs of birds with the “y” configuation?

A

Syngamus trachea

86
Q

What type of nematode exhibits this type of egg?

A

Syngamus trachea

87
Q

What type of nematode exhibits this type of egg?

A

Syngamus trachea

88
Q

True or false?

These samples were recovered from a cow’s abomasum?

A

true

89
Q

What type of life cycle does this represent?

A

direct

90
Q

What superfamily of nematode makes eggs like this?

A

Trichstrongyloidea

91
Q

What superfamily of nematodes do you worry about in this dew in a pasture?

A

Trichstrongyloidea

92
Q

What type of life cycle is this and what is the infective stage?

A

direct and infective L3

93
Q

This is a stomach sample from a cow. What nematode is this and what stage is it in.

A

ostertagia ostertagi arrested larva (L4) in a gastric gland

94
Q

What nematode is this?

A

ostertagia ostertagi

95
Q

“Moroccan leather” Characteristic lesions of _____

A

Ostertagia ostertagi

96
Q

Characteristic lesions of ______

A

Ostertagia ostertagi

97
Q

________ is emerging from a gastric gland of a cow

A

Ostertagia ostertagi

98
Q

Bottlejaw cattle is a symptom of ______

A

Ostertagia ostertagi

99
Q

These lesions in a sheep stomach sample are results of ______

A

Teladorsagia circumcincta

100
Q

This is a _______ egg

A

Hyostrongylus spp.

101
Q

gross lesions (nodules) in the pig stomach is a result of _____ infection

A

Hyostrongylus spp.

102
Q

What type of nematode is found in this sample from a sheep abomasum?

A

Haemonchus contortus

103
Q

What is the common name of Haemonchus contortus

A

barber pole worm

104
Q

What creates the barber pole effect seen in Haemonchus contortus?

A

The white is the uterus of the worm wound around the intestines

105
Q

This is an example of a sheep infected with ______

A

Haemonchus contortus

106
Q

________ is a bloodsucking worm which can lead to host anemia. This is a sample taken from a sheep abomasum

A

Haemonchus contortus

107
Q

______ causes bottlejaw in small ruminants

A

Haemonchus contortus

108
Q

This chart represents the pattern seen with fecal egg counts in what parasite?

A

Trichostrongyle fecal egg counts

109
Q

Name the nematode and its gender

A

Cooperia spp. and female

110
Q

This egg (approx. 90 x 40 um) was seen in the feces of a 2 year old cow. Which parasites can it represent in this animal?

A

Ostertagia sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Cooperia sp.

111
Q

This represents the life cycle of _____

A

Dictyocaulus spp.

112
Q

This is a slide of ____ found in cattle.

A

Dictyocaulus spp.

113
Q

This is an example of the damage inflicted by ______

A

Dictyocaulus spp.

114
Q

These Pneumonic lesions of parasitic bronchitis are a result of _____

A

Dictyocaulus spp.

115
Q

This is an isolated _____ egg

A

Nematodirus spp

116
Q

What nematode egg is labled with the letter N in this photo?

A

Nematodirus spp

117
Q

Describe the “five points” of FAMACHA

A
118
Q

Eggs of the types below were seen in the feces of a 2 year old sheep with diarrhea on pasture mid-summer. Which parasite(s) is highest on your differentials?

A

Teladorsagia sp.

119
Q

This is an L1 _____ with a “kinked” tail used to diagnose this nematode

A

Metastrongyloidea

120
Q

The adult ____ is straight unlike the “kinked” tail in the L1

A

Metastrongyloidea

121
Q

This is an example of a ______ infection in lung tissue

A

Muellerius spp.

122
Q

Example of ____ kinked tail

A

Muellerius spp.

123
Q

This egg is an example of ______ (lungworm of pigs)

A

Metastrongylus spp.

124
Q

What is the name of the nematode with this life cycle and what is its common name?

A

Aelurostrongylus abstrusus

125
Q

If you get a picture of this cat from a client with a cat that has a mild chronic cold what should you be worried about?

A

Aelurostrongylus abstrusus

126
Q

This life cycle represents a nematode that effects dogs and wild carnivores. Name the parasite, the common names, and the type of cycle

A

Filaroides (Oslerus) osleri

French heartworm, tracheal worms (lung worms)

direct

127
Q

These Nodules in trachea and bronchi are due to the L1’s with the kinked tails. What parasite is this?

A

Filaroides (Oslerus) osleri

128
Q

Name this fecal diagnostic technique

A

Baerman fecal float

129
Q

Name that nematode!

A

Ascaris suum, adult male and female

130
Q

Name that Ascarid!

A

Parascaris equorum

131
Q

Name that nematode (type)

A

Ascarids

132
Q

Name that nematode egg type

A

Ascarids

133
Q

Ascarids have what type of life cycle?

A

direct

134
Q

Name the hatching nematode!

A

ascarids

135
Q

This is a necropsy of a ruptured horse small intestine. Name the nematode!

A

Parascaris equorum

136
Q

Litter of puppies comes in. one passes away and you perform a necropsy and find this. The puppies are pot-bellied what nematode do you suspect?

A

Toxocara canis

137
Q

Name the nematode!

A

toxocara canis

138
Q

A client brought in these nematodes after his 6-year-old spayed female indoor/outdoor cat vomited them onto the kitchen floor this morning. How did the cat most likely become infected?

A

ingestion of larvated egg from the environment

139
Q

Necropsy of a 5 week old puppy. Name the nematode

A

toxocara canis

140
Q

Eggs found in a fecal of a litter of puppies. Name the nematode!

A

toxocara canis

141
Q

Necropsy of a young pup. Name the nematode!

A

Toxocara canis

142
Q

Name the nematode and the type of cycle!

A

toxocara cati

143
Q

This mama cat is indoor and outdoor and she just gave birth to kittens who are now nursing. The client brings in a picture of the cat post-hunt. What should you test the kittens for?

A

toxocara cati

144
Q

These eggs are evident of a toxicara and (arrow) _____ co-infection

A

Toxascaris leonina

145
Q

A fecal float comes through from a [cat/dog] the round egg is a _____ egg whereas the oval egg is a ____ egg

A

Toxocara spp. and Toxascaris leonina

146
Q
A

LOLOL WE ARE GONNA MAKE IT MAYBE

147
Q

You recover this L1 in a Baerman test. The L1 has a S shaped tailand the sample is from a cat. Name the nematode

A

Aelurostrongylus (lung worm of cat)

148
Q

Name the nematode?

A

trychostongyloid egg and posterior end of female nematodirus spp.

149
Q

This is an adult _____ and the resulting nodules.

A

Oesophagostomum spp.

150
Q
A

you know you want to

RUSVM Parasitology (6 decks)

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