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college biology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

A phospholipid is a

A

nonpolar lipid molecule that is made amphipathic by the addition of a phosphate

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2
Q

Cooking oil and gasoline are NOT amphipathic molecules because they

A

Do not have a polar or charged ions

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3
Q

Phospholipids and triglycerides both

A

have a glycerol backbone

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4
Q

Which of the following is a large organic molecule that is NOT assembled by polymerization of a few kinds of simple subunits ?

A

a steroid

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5
Q

Lipids that form membranes have what kind of structure ?

A

polar heads and nonpolar tails; the nonpolar tails interact with water

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6
Q

Which aspect oh phospholipids is most important to the formation of bilayers ?

A

They are amphipathic

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7
Q

Which of the following crosses lipid bilayers ?

A

a small , nonpolar molecule like oxygen

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8
Q

Which of the following does not cross the lipid bilayers ?

A

a sodium ion

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9
Q

Which of the following is TRUE of osmosis ?

A

in osmosis , water moves across a membrane from areas of lower solute concentration to areas of higher solute concentration

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10
Q

Celery stalks that are immersed in freshwater for several hours become stiff. Similar stalks left in a 0.15 M salt solution becomes limp. From this we can deduce that the freshwater ..

A

is hypotonic and the salt solution is hypertonic to the cells of the celery stalks

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11
Q

A patient was involved in a serious accident and lost a large quantity of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids , distilled — equal to the volume of blood lost– is added to the blood directly via one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion ?

A

The patient’s red blood cells will swell and possibly burst because the blood has become hypotonic compared to the cells

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12
Q

Under what circumstances does membrane transport require energy ?

A

whenever a solute is moved against its gradient

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13
Q

Where would you most likely find an integral membrane protein ?

A

spanning the cell membrane , with parts of the protein visible from both the inside and the outside of the cell

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14
Q

Which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell membrane ?

A

phospholipids and proteins

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15
Q

For a protein to be an integral membrane protein , it would have to be ?

A

amphiphathic , with at least one hdrophobic region

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16
Q

All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell EXCEPT ?

A

the nucleoid

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17
Q

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules ?

A

proteins

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18
Q

Acell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely ?

A

primarily producing proteins in the cytosol

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19
Q

Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils , phospholipids and steroids ?

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

20
Q

Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell ?

A

vacuole

21
Q

Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells ?

A

mitochondrion

22
Q

Which plant cell organelle contains its own DNA and ribosomes ?

A

mitochondrion

23
Q

Thylakoids , DNA and ribosomes are all components found in ?

A

chloroplasts

24
Q

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells ?

A

mitochondrion

25
Q

Why is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum unable to synthesize proteins ?

A

No ribosomes are attached to its surface

26
Q

Suppose a young boy is always tired and fatigued , suffering from a metabolic disease. Which of the following organelles is most likely involved in this disease ?

A

mitochondria

27
Q

Which structure - function pair is mismatched ?

A

Roguh ER - protein sorting

28
Q

Which of the following would you NOT find in a plant cell ?

A

collagen

29
Q

What is a major difference between the extracellular matrix (ECM) of a plant cell and the ECM of an animal cell ?

A

plant ecm is primarily carbohydrate in nature , whereas animal ecm is mainly proteins

30
Q

Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells ?

A

gap junction

31
Q

In plant cells , the middle lamella ?

A

allows adjacent cells to adhere to one another

32
Q

A cell with membrane bound proteins that selectively bind a specific hormone is called that hormone’s

A

target cell

33
Q

Lipid soluble signaling molecule , such as testosterone , cross the membranes of all cells but affect only target cells because …?

A

receptors are present only in target cells

34
Q

List the three components that make up the hydrophilic head of a phospholipid

A
  1. charged group
  2. phosphate
  3. glycerol
35
Q

This type of transport requires energy to move substances across the membrane

A

active transport

36
Q

A cell with 1% solute is in a hypertonic environment.What can be the percentage of solute for the solution outside of the cell ?

A

10%,anything above 1%

37
Q

Name a function of cytoskeleton in prokaryotic cell

A

cell shape

38
Q

This type of DNA , small , supercoiled , and circular DNAis found in bacteria cell

A

plasmid

39
Q

Name an unicellular eukaryotic cell

A

yeast

40
Q

Name given to the interior of the Rough ER

A

lumen

41
Q

This organelle is a reservoir for Ca2+ ions

A

smooth ER

42
Q

This membranous structure is used to transport protein

A

vesicle

43
Q

The name given to the solution outside the thlakoid membrane

A

stroma

44
Q

The name given to the space of the cristae of mitochondria

A

matrix

45
Q

This structure is made up of protein to link cytoskeleton of adjacent cells

A

Desmosome

college biology (5 decks)

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