ch.1

Question 1

biology is the study of ?

Answer 1

life

Question 2

All living organisms share five fundamental characteristics

Answer 2

energy, cells , information , replication, evolution

Question 3

define energy

Answer 3

All organisms acquire and use energy.

Question 4

cells

Answer 4

All organisms are made up of membrane-bound cells

Question 5

information

Answer 5

All organisms process hereditary information encoded in genes as well as information from the environment.

Question 6

replication

Answer 6

All organisms are capable of reproduction.

Question 7

evolution

Answer 7

Populations of organisms are continually evolving.

Question 8

name the two theories

Answer 8

cell theory & theory of evoution

Question 9

define theory

Answer 9

is an explanation for a very general class of phenomena or observations.

Question 10

what are the two components of a theory ?

Answer 10

pattern & process

Question 11

define the pattern & process

Answer 11

pattern: Something that occurs in the natural world
process: Responsible for creating the pattern

Question 12

name the 1665 English scientist & what his discovery was.

Answer 12

Robert Hooke & “cells” in cork

Question 13

name the 1674 scientist & discoveries.

Answer 13

protozoa & 1683 bacteria

Question 14

define cell

Answer 14

is a highly organized compartment bounded by a plasma membrane that contains concentrated chemicals in an aqueous solution.

Question 15

what does the cell theory state ?

Answer 15

1. All organisms are made of cells (pattern).

2. All cells come from preexisting cells (process).

Question 16

define evolution

Answer 16

a change in the characteristics of a population over time

Question 17

In 1858, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace made two claims regarding the natural world:

Answer 17

1. All species are related by common ancestry

2. Characteristics of species can be modified from generation to generation.

Question 18

artificial selection

Answer 18

humans select desirable traits within a domestic population

Question 19

natural selection

Answer 19

traits beneficial to the current environment are “selected” within a natural population

Question 20

genus

Answer 20

is made up of a closely related group of species

Question 21

species

Answer 21

is made up of individuals that regularly breed together or have characteristics that are distinct from those
of other species