ch.1 Flashcards
biology is the study of ?
life
All living organisms share five fundamental characteristics
energy, cells , information , replication, evolution
define energy
All organisms acquire and use energy.
cells
All organisms are made up of membrane-bound cells
information
All organisms process hereditary information encoded in genes as well as information from the environment.
replication
All organisms are capable of reproduction.
evolution
Populations of organisms are continually evolving.
name the two theories
cell theory & theory of evoution
define theory
is an explanation for a very general class of phenomena or observations.
what are the two components of a theory ?
pattern & process
define the pattern & process
pattern: Something that occurs in the natural world
process: Responsible for creating the pattern
name the 1665 English scientist & what his discovery was.
Robert Hooke & “cells” in cork
name the 1674 scientist & discoveries.
protozoa & 1683 bacteria
define cell
is a highly organized compartment bounded by a plasma membrane that contains concentrated chemicals in an aqueous solution.
what does the cell theory state ?
- All organisms are made of cells (pattern).
2. All cells come from preexisting cells (process).
define evolution
a change in the characteristics of a population over time
In 1858, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace made two claims regarding the natural world:
- All species are related by common ancestry
2. Characteristics of species can be modified from generation to generation.
artificial selection
humans select desirable traits within a domestic population
natural selection
traits beneficial to the current environment are “selected” within a natural population
genus
is made up of a closely related group of species
species
is made up of individuals that regularly breed together or have characteristics that are distinct from those
of other species
