bio lab Flashcards
Cellular Respiration
• is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP, and then release waste products.
Anaerobic Respiration
• is the process of producing cellular energy without oxygen
Ethanol Fermentation
• is a biological process which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy
Ethanol Fermentation chemical formula
Sugar-> ethanol+CO2+Energy
Anaerobic Respiration types of fermentation
• Lactic fermentation
• Alcohol fermentation
organism= yeast
Photosynthesis
• is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms’ activities
Chemical reaction- Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2
Light dependent Reaction
• Light energy is initially converted into chemical energy as ATP and NADPH, takes place across the chloroplast thylakoid membranes
Light Independent reaction
• chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose
Stroma- in the middle of cell, whats its function ?
a very dense fluid within the chloroplast, is part of the supporting matrix of a plant cell and is also where carbon dioxide is turned into sugar.
Guard Cell- outer layer of stroma, whats its function ?
regulate the opening and closing of stomata
Chromatography
- is to separate a mixture into its various components.
- Dependent on solubility of pigments in the solvent
- Ex: ink or leaf pigments
Mitosis phases ( List all 7 )
- Interphase
- Prophase
- Prometaphase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
- Cytokinesis
Meiosis phases ( List all 6 )
- Interphase II
- Prophase II
- Prometaphase II
- Metaphase II
- Anaphase II
- Telophase II
Genetics
• the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.
Gene
• a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
Allele
• one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
Homozygous
• individual has two of the same allele, whether dominant or recessive
Heterozygous
• means having one each of two different alleles.
Phenotype
• the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
Genotype
• the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
Dominant
- is a relationship between alleles of one gene.
* First Allele
Recessive
• genes are in homozygous condition or when the dominant gene is not present
Monohybrid
• a hybrid that is heterozygous with respect to a specified gene.
Monomers for DNA ( List the four )
- Nucleotides ex:
- 5-carbon sugar(deoxyribose)
- phosphate group
- nitrogenous base
Extraction
• breaks open the cells by destroying the fatty membranes that enclose the cells as well as the nuclei membranes within the cells. DNA is released into the solution.
Lysis
• is a buffer solution used for the purpose of breaking open cells for use in molecular biology experiments that analyze the compounds of the cells
Isolate DNA ( List the two )
• Octoploid ( 8 copies of each chromosome)
1. Soap- breaks downs cell membrane
• Salt- To dissociate/ separate protein from DNA
2. Alcohol- precipitate DNA
