bio lab

Question 1

Cellular Respiration

Answer 1

• is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP, and then release waste products.

Question 2

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 2

• is the process of producing cellular energy without oxygen

Question 3

Ethanol Fermentation

Answer 3

• is a biological process which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy

Question 4

Ethanol Fermentation chemical formula

Answer 4

Sugar-> ethanol+CO2+Energy

Question 5

Anaerobic Respiration types of fermentation

Answer 5

• Lactic fermentation
• Alcohol fermentation
organism= yeast

Question 6

Photosynthesis

Answer 6

• is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms’ activities

Question 7

Chemical reaction- Photosynthesis

Answer 7

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 8

Light dependent Reaction

Answer 8

• Light energy is initially converted into chemical energy as ATP and NADPH, takes place across the chloroplast thylakoid membranes

Question 9

Light Independent reaction

Answer 9

• chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose

Question 10

Stroma- in the middle of cell, whats its function ?

Answer 10

a very dense fluid within the chloroplast, is part of the supporting matrix of a plant cell and is also where carbon dioxide is turned into sugar.

Question 11

Guard Cell- outer layer of stroma, whats its function ?

Answer 11

regulate the opening and closing of stomata

Question 12

Chromatography

Answer 12

• is to separate a mixture into its various components.
• Dependent on solubility of pigments in the solvent
• Ex: ink or leaf pigments

Question 13

Mitosis phases ( List all 7 )

Answer 13

1. Interphase
2. Prophase
3. Prometaphase
4. Metaphase
5. Anaphase
6. Telophase
7. Cytokinesis

Question 14

Meiosis phases ( List all 6 )

Answer 14

1. Interphase II
2. Prophase II
3. Prometaphase II
4. Metaphase II
5. Anaphase II
6. Telophase II

Question 15

Genetics

Answer 15

• the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.

Question 16

Gene

Answer 16

• a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

Question 17

Allele

Answer 17

• one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.

Question 18

Homozygous

Answer 18

• individual has two of the same allele, whether dominant or recessive

Question 19

Heterozygous

Answer 19

• means having one each of two different alleles.

Question 20

Phenotype

Answer 20

• the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

Question 21

Genotype

Answer 21

• the genetic constitution of an individual organism.

Question 22

Dominant

Answer 22

• is a relationship between alleles of one gene.

* First Allele

Question 23

Recessive

Answer 23

• genes are in homozygous condition or when the dominant gene is not present

Question 24

Monohybrid

Answer 24

• a hybrid that is heterozygous with respect to a specified gene.

Question 25

Monomers for DNA ( List the four )

Answer 25

• Nucleotides ex:
• 5-carbon sugar(deoxyribose)
• phosphate group
• nitrogenous base

Question 26

Extraction

Answer 26

• breaks open the cells by destroying the fatty membranes that enclose the cells as well as the nuclei membranes within the cells. DNA is released into the solution.

Question 27

Lysis

Answer 27

• is a buffer solution used for the purpose of breaking open cells for use in molecular biology experiments that analyze the compounds of the cells

Question 28

Isolate DNA ( List the two )

Answer 28

• Octoploid ( 8 copies of each chromosome)
1. Soap- breaks downs cell membrane
• Salt- To dissociate/ separate protein from DNA
2. Alcohol- precipitate DNA