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AHS 301 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Researcher conducting the statistical analysis that has not had any contact with the individuals whose data are being examined

A

Secondary analysis

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2
Q

Information previously gathered for a different purpose that may be relevant to the problem at hand

A

Secondary data

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3
Q

What are the advantages of secondary data?

A

low cost and effort, more timely, some info is only from secondary data sources

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4
Q

What are the limitations of secondary data?

A

Lack of availability, relevance, inaccuracy

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5
Q

How do retrospective and prospective cohort studies recruit participants based on?

A

Exposure status

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6
Q

Use baseline information collected at some point in the past and follow the cohort to another point in the past or present

A

Retrospective cohort study

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7
Q

Collect baseline data about the exposures and outcomes in the present and follow the cohort to some point in the future

A

Prospective cohort study

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8
Q

What is the goal of cohort studies?

A

examine incident disease

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9
Q

Recruit participants based on their membership in a well defined source population, then follow them forward in time

A

Longitudinal studies

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10
Q

All participants start the study at the same time and no one is allowed to join later

A

Fixed population

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11
Q

Participants recruited using rolling admission and replacement of dropouts

A

Dynamic population

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12
Q

Number of new cases of disease in a population

A

incidence rate

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13
Q

how do you find incidence rate? (IR)

A

number of new cases/ total number of persons in the population at risk

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14
Q

way of accounting for different individuals in the study population being observed for different lengths of time

A

person time

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15
Q

How do you find attributable risk? (AR)

A

absolute incidence rate minus unexposed population

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16
Q

How do you find AR%

A

incident cases/ exposed

17
Q

How do you find rate ratio (RR)

A

Ratio of incidence rate among the exposed to incidence rate in the unexposed

18
Q

Participants with the disease of interest

A

Case

19
Q

Participants without the disease

A

Control

20
Q

When is a case control study the best study?

A

When the disease is uncommon

21
Q

Should specify exactly what characteristics must be present or absent for a person to be deemed a case

A

Case definition

22
Q

What are the limitations to matching?

A

Variables used as matching criteria cannot be considered as exposures during analysis, can be difficult to find controls who meet all matching criteria

23
Q

type of bias where cases and controls systematically have different memories of the past

A

Recall bias

24
Q

How do you find odds ratio (OR)

A

ratio of the odds of exposure in cases to the odds of exposure in control

25
Q

Chance of having a particular exposure to not having had it

A

Odds

26
Q

What are the advantages to a systematic review?

A

Review current literature, less costly, less time, results can be generalized, more reliable and accurate

27
Q

What are the disadvantages to a systematic review?

A

time consuming

28
Q

Statistical combination of at least 2 studies to produce a single estimate of the effect of health care intervention

A

meta-analysis

29
Q

Why would you use meta-analysis?

A

establish statistical significance with studies that have conflicting results

30
Q

what are the advantages to using meta-analysis?

A

greater statistical power, greater ability to extrapolate general population affected, confirmatory data analysis

31
Q

Term for mass of information that falls outside the mainstream of published journal and monograph literature, not controlled by commercial publishers

A

Gray literature

32
Q

What are the 3 types of systematic reviews?

A

Qualitative, quantitative, meta-analysis

AHS 301 (3 decks)

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