Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Gender Ideology
A
Defines what sphere we most want to identify with
How much power one wants to have in a marriage
2
Q
Stalled Revolution
A
Strain between change in women and the absence in change in much else
3
Q
Upstairs/Downstairs
What % of work does Nancy still do?
A
Myth that if Evan does downstairs housework and Nancy does upstairs work it will be fair
Nancy still does 80%
4
Q
Passive Resistance
A
Nonviolent opposition to authority
Evan doesn’t follow Nancy’s rules and guidelines
5
Q
3 Types of Gender Ideology
A
traditional, egalitarian, transitional
6
Q
Traditional Ideology
A
Wife identifies with home and is okay with having less power
Husband identifies with work and expects to have more power
7
Q
Egalitarian Ideology
A
Equal power
Shared balance with work and home
8
Q
Transitional Ideology
A
In-between
Wife identifies at work and home
Husband identifies more with work and expect wife to have more home
9
Q
Leisure Gap
A
Fathers have more leisure time than mothers because mothers are doing housework. Greater worth of male work time makes his leisure more valuable
10
Q
3 Families from Second Shift
A
Holts (Evan and Nancy)
Delacortes (Carmen and Frank)
Steins (Jessica and Seth)
11
Q
Holts Gender Strategies
A
upstairs/downstairs myth, passive resistance, dog care, withholding sex
Broader social forces affect ideologies
12
Q
Holts Gender Ideologies
A
Mrs. Egalitarian
Mr. Transitional
13
Q
Holts Social Structure
A
Middle-class, employment, opportunities for Nancy
14
Q
Delacortes Gender Strategies
A
calculated incompetence, myth of “Frank does little around the house”
15
Q
Delacortes Gender Ideologies
A
Mr. and Mrs. Traditional
16
Q
Delacortes Social Structure
A
Working class, traditional upbringing, she needs to work
17
Q
Steins Gender Strategies
A
hired help, emotional absenteesim, hard driving Type A work ethic
18
Q
Steins Gender Ideologies
A
Mrs. Egalitarian
Mr. transitional
19
Q
Steins Social Structure
A
Upper middle class, both highly educated, traditional upbringing
20
Q
Supermoming
A
(Holts) Does most of the second shift while having a career
Competition between other moms
21
Q
Calculated incompetence
A
(Delacortes) Ways of receiving indirectly what many egalitarian women received directly-a man’s labor in the second shift
22
Q
Emotional Absenteeism
A
(Steins) failure to to be present emotionally in the family
Seth was always at work while Jessica paid someone to always do housework and take care of kids
23
Q
Scarcity of Gratitude
A
(Steins) clash of ideas about what deserved appreciation led each to resent the other and feel out of touch
24
Q
Nurturance
A
(Steins) ability to provide emotional and physical care
25
Back Stage "Wealth"
The higher up the corporate ladder, the more home support a worker had
26
Gender
cultural definitions of masculinity and femininity
27
Patriarchy
system of society which father is head of family and descent is traced through the male line. Women are free with an overall unequal step
28
Self-fulfilling prophecy
a prediction that causes itself to be true (girls are told that they naturally aren't good at math, so they don't work hard at math and end up not doing well)
29
Institutional discrimination
Practices that discriminate, legally or illegally, against a minority group by virtue of its ethnicity, gender, culture, age, sexual orientation, or other target of societal or company prejudice
30
Glass Ceiling
invisible and unbreakable barriers to economic advancement by otherwise qualified women and racial and ethnic minorities
31
Hegemonic masculinity
Many versions of masculinity but there is one that rules them all "authentic man"
Social norms enforce masculinity
-culturally normative ideal of male behavior
32
Hegemonic femininity
women waste time doing body care to keep up with femininity
| -culturally normative ideal of female behavior
33
Heteronormativity
- people fall into distinct and complementary genders with natural roles in life
- Asserts heterosexuality is the norm
- Assuming that heterosexual relationships are the correct or natural way for people to be.
34
Looking Glass Self
Cooley
- We learn or develop our self from our impression of how others perceive us
- Self is a product of our social interactions
35
3 phases of looking glass self
1) imagine what others see when they look at us
2) imagine some judgement of this appearance
3) form feelings such as pride or mortification
36
gender as a social construct
contributed by history, biology, social structure and socialization
Social agreements, not ontological facts
37
Sex as a social construct
free standing biological facts rooted in reproductive ability
More fluid and complicated than we think
Construct does not make sex fake, a choice, or biological factor
38
Gender Essentialism
belief in hard wired, essential differences between men and women that stem from in born, biological and evolutionary distinctions
Reject because ahistorical and downplays cultural factors
39
Gender Identity
One's personal experience of one's own power
| -refers to a person's internal sense of being male, female, or something else.
40
LGBTQI
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexaul, transgender, queer, intersex
41
Cisgender
individuals who have a match between the gender they were assigned at birth, their bodies, and their personal identities
42
transgender
umbrella term
| mismatch between gender identity and assigned sex
43
Genderqueer
don't identify with a single sphere
| In between and not masculine nor feminine
44
Hook up culture
having a casual sexual encounter without strings attached
Started in late 1800s and early 1900s due to automobile
Moralists believe it is bad, liberationists believe it is good and socialist are in between
45
George Chauncey
Studied gay history
Concluded sexuality has a history and is not ineviteable progressive. Rethink linear view of gay history
Disrupts divide between heterosexuality and homosexuality
46
Three myths of gay history
invisibility, isolation, and the closet
47
Stonewall Riots
Defining moment in gay rights
| Riot at a gay bar where drag queens stood up for themselves and inspired others. Created political groups
48
Trade
Straight acting man and sleeps in other men (mainly fairies)
49
Fairy
Acted feminine and only sleeps with other men
50
Gender socialization
Begins at a young age from your parents mainly
It can be changed
Ex: wrapped in a blue blanket as a kid
51
Microsociology
-concerning the nature of everyday human social interactions and agency on a small scale
face to face
-Analysis of social life that focuses on social interaction; typically used by symbolic interactionists
52
Symbolic interaction
Blumer, symbols are culturally derived social objects having shared meanings that are created and maintained in through social interaction
"Sociology is the interpretation of social meaning"
Ex: Science can not explain the meaning/significance of the "high five"
53
Sociological Methods
Quantitative, qualiliative, and document analysis
| None are better than the other just use the research method that fits what you are studying
54
Positivism
"Sociology is the science of society"
| Leaves out the element of human agency
55
Dramaturgy
Goffman- all of the worlds stages and all men and women are merely player
Self=a "product of a scene that comes off"
56
Impression Management
the way individuals learn to slant their presentation of self in order to create distinct appearances
57
Front Stage
where people feel compelled to present themselves in expected ways
58
Back Stage
let guard down and do things that would be inappropriate or unexpected
59
Blumer
symbolic interaction, critiques positivism
60
Goffman
dramaturgy, impression management, front/back stage
- Self = a “product of a scene that comes off”
- Self = performed character, rising out of performances
61
Cooley
looking glass self
62
Civil Inattention
Goffman-strangers who are in close proximity demonstrate that they are aware of one another with out imposing on each other
-The process whereby individuals in the same physical setting demonstrate to one another that they are aware of each other's presence.
63
Constructionism
an idea/notion that appears natural and obvious to people who accept it but may or may not represent reality so it remains an invention of society
64
team
groups of people who work together in complimentary roles to maintain the definition of the situation
65
Roles
set of expectations that we attach to social position
66
Stage Model of Uncoupling
1) Secrets
2) Display of Discontent
3) Mid-transition
4) Signals, Secrecy, and collaborative cover up 5)Breakdown of cover up
6) trying
7) Initiators Advantage
8) going public
9) the partners transition
10) uncoupling
67
1)Secrets
- Begins with secret where one person in the relationship becomes dissatisfied and keeps this form the other person
- Creates initiator and partner
68
2)Display of Discontent
- In presence of others initiator reacts to partner in ways that reflect dislike
- Initiator finds someone whom they can confide their discontent to (transitional person)
69
3)Mid-transition
- Initiators unfamiliar with the process of uncoupling turn to the world around them to learn more about the process
- Vaughan speaks of the initiator being in two worlds at once: not ready to completely relinquish the old but not quite ready to plunge into the new
70
4)Signals, Secrecy and collaborative cover up
- Partner does not ask questions about initiators display of discontent
- Partner tries to save face and so the cover-up of problems becomes collaborative
71
5)Breakdown of cover up
- Stage of relationship drama and confrontation
| - May use indirect methods: fatal mistake, decreased interaction, rule violation, playing detective
72
6)trying
- Both initiator and partner engage but at different times
- The partner may try to get the initiator to examine the relationship with him/her or may try to reinvigorate the relationship with different strategies like dieting or becoming interested in the initiator’s hobbies
73
7)Initiators advantage
the initiator has had the advantage of time – i.e. more time to deal with the idea of a life separate from their partner and more time to deal with the uncoupling process
74
8)Going Public
- This is also the stage where friends and families take sides.
- the separation forces the partner to acknowledge the relationship is troubled and to explain to self and to others why
75
9)the partners transition
- now it is the time for the partner’s transition to their new life apart from the initiator
- The partner finds a transitional person during this stage
- spends time rearranging their physical space to represent their new image of being on their own
76
10)Uncoupling
- during this stage both the partner and initiator now realize that they have a life separate from each other
- during this stage they also witness changes in themselves and begin learning who they are without the other person
- important to understand that uncoupling does not occur at the same moment for initiators and partners
77
Maintenance Program
Nancy kept comparing herself to other women and not to Evan
| This blinded her from what she really felt about her life
78
How much more housework do women do each year compared to men?
one month
| society devalues work at home and see women as inferior because they do devalued work
79
Family and Medical Leave Act
gives workers right to 12 weeks of leave for a new baby or a family medical emergency
80
3 effects Seths obsession with his career had on his family
1) Career determined what happened out in "colony" of his home
2) He felt he deserved more nurturance than she deserved
3) Emotional detachment from his chidren
81
Jessica's Hired Help included
Nanny, housekeeper, extra driver-housekeeper, gardener, and a father substitute
But couldn't hire the planner, the empathizer, the mother herself
82
oedipal phase
part of joeys problem
| always attached to Nancy and disconnected to Evan
83
emotional work
the work of trying to feel the right feeling, the feeling Nancy wanted to feel
84
Going Rate
market value, so to speak, of a man's behavior or attitude
85
Average Housework per day
Women: 3 hours
Men: 17 minutes
86
Gender Strategy
plan of action based on gender ideals that takes emotional preparation for pursuing it
87
Family Myths
versions of reality that obscure a core truth in order to manage a family tension
88
Counters to supermom
poke fun at her
| propose an alternative to her-"new man"
89
sex
perceived biological distinctions between men and women
90
construction of femininity
Ideal femininity varies historically and cross-culturally
| Femininity is not an objective fact about women, rather a construction
91
Sexuality
how we identify as sexual beings
92
Definition of the situation
A working consensus about social reality that makes social interaction easy
Ex: We all know how to properly behave in the classroom; sit down, take notes, don't get up and start running around, etc.
93
Deep acting v. Surface acting
deep: sincere and real
surface: put on appearance
94
Laud Humphreys
Studied male-male encounters in men's bathrooms and rest stops
Ethical problems with the study
95
7 Ways to be a Trans Ally
1) Learn basic vocab
2) Don't use certain terms
3) Don't ask me about my body
4) Don't out me ever
5) Don't assume we are all the same
6) Use cisgender power for good
7) Don't make me your trans pet
96
5 things to know about gender identity
1) sexual identity is different from gender identity
2) Not all transgender people transition
3) Don't have good data on this population
4) It's no longer an official mental disorder
5) Nonconformity is common in kids
97
According to the article, "Escaping the Boxes, Living in the Gray," which best describes the author's argument?
- Cisgendered people have disrespected and abused transgendered people.
- Transgendered people have a wide selection of role models.
- Gender is never socially constructed and can totally be determined by genetics.
- Gender, like sexuality, isn't as simple as being placed in one of two easily-identified boxes (like being a man or a woman).
d
98
According to the article, "5 Things to Know About Gender Identity," what is NOT one of the five things on the list?
- People usually change their gender identity just to be defiant
- Nonconformity is common in kids
- Not all transgender people transition
- There is not a lot of good data on this population
A
99
_________________ is about who you are attracted to and who you fall in love with.
- Sexual partner
- Life partner
- Sexual orientation
- Significant partner
C
100
All of the following are examples of the representation of gay and lesbians in the media since 1990, except for:
- Punch lines
- Normalcy
- Model minority
- Isolated
D
101
According to the article, "Under the Skin: The Next Fight for Transgender Insurance Equality," why is it imperative that insurance companies cover transition costs?
- Any cosmetic surgeries should necessarily be covered by insurance Ð transgender or not
- The procedures are life-saving in that they severely decrease risk of suicide among transgender individuals
- Public opinion is largely for covering these procedures
- Insurance in most other developed countries already cover these procedures
B
102
After the Stonewall Inn episode...
- Politicians inmidiately saw the gay movement as a potential source of votes
- The number of mafia-run gay bars multiplied in the city of New York
- Gay rights activists were able to transform the protest into a political cause
- The congress passed the famous "bottle bar" law to avoid hepatitis and AIDS
C
103
According to the article, "5 Things to Know About Gender Identity," approximately what percentage of adults in the United States identify themselves as transgender?
- 0.3 percent
- 0.0 percent (No one)
- 5 percent
- 15 percent
A
104
According to the article, "The Gay Bar: Why the Gay Rights Movement was Born in One," all of these factors contributed to the Stonewall riots garnering more attention than other bar raids EXCEPT:
- Dixies bar of music
- 82 Club
- The Stonewall Inn
- The Black Cat
C
105
An example of a Cis male would be...
- Someone born female bodied who undergoes reassignment surgery.
- Someone who was born male bodied and identifies as male gendered.
- Someone born female bodied but identifies as male gendered.
- Someone born male bodied who undergoes reassignment surgery.
B
106
After the Stonewall Inn episode...
- The congress passed the famous "bottle bar" law to avoid hepatitis and AIDS
- Gay rights activists were able to transform the protest into a political cause
- The number of mafia-run gay bars multiplied in the city of New York
- Politicians inmidiately saw the gay movement as a potential source of votes
B
107
What is Hochschild's argument about structural implications for gender inequality?
- How a nation and government organizes the workforce through policies affects the roles of women and men.
- The nation and government don't have a role to play in organizing gender equality.
- The nation and government already organize a structure conduit to equality, men and women just don't take advantage of it.
- There are no structural implications for gender inequality.
A
108
According to the article, "The Gay Bar: Why the Gay Rights Movement was Born in One," all of these factors contributed to the Stonewall Riots garnering more attention than other bar raids EXCEPT:
- Writers from the Village Voice happened upon the riots and spread the story
- The club was located in a pedestrian-friendly area where many homeless gay youths lived
- The raid was significantly different from others in terms of the level of violence and number of arrests
- Willingness to challenge authority due to the other social movements occurring
C
109
According to Chapter 17 in The Second Shift, roughly what percentage of men felt they should share in the responsibility and work at home (that is to say, what percentage of men had an egalitarian ideology)?
20 percent
80 percent
0 percent
90 percent
A
110
What is the strategy of "needs reduction" that some husbands employ to avoid housework?
- Living a simpler lifestyle
- Ignoring the needs of their wives and children
- Claiming they did not need or care if certain household chores were done
- Downsizing their homes so there was less housework to do
C
111
In chapter 17 of The Second Shift, Hochschild notes that all of these economic shifts contribute to changing gender norms EXCEPT:
- The decline in the purchasing power of the male wage
- The rise in 'female' jobs in the service sector
- The outsourcing of jobs to other countries
- The decline in â maleâ blue-collar jobs
C
112
All of the following are pro-family policies according to Hochschild, except for:
- Paid parental leave
- Tax credits to developers who build affordable housing near places of work
- Family and Medical Leave Act
- Lower-hour, flexible "family phases" for all regular jobs
C
113
Which best describes Hochschild's conclusion in Chapter 17 of The Second Shift?
- All women need to become "supermoms."
- Parenting should be left to mothers; fathers should be focusing on their jobs.
- The stalled revolution has been achieved and it was a success.
- The gender revolution is primarily caused by changes in the economy, but people feel it in marriage.
D
114
According to the article, "The Gay Bar: Why the Gay Rights Movements was Born in One," what was the name of the iconic establishment where riots sparked the gay protest movement?
Dixies Bar of Music
The Black Cat
82 Club
The Stonewall Inn
D
115
Hochschild argues that it is not just the household budgets, class position, or socialization of the couples that explains the household division of labor, but it is also the couples' _________________
- biology and history.
- gender constructionism.
- resentment they bring into the marriage.
- choices, decision-making, and rational actions.
D
116
Hulk Hogan, Rambo, and Rocky are examples of which sociological concept?
Socialization
Gender Strategy
Hegemonic Masculinity
Egalitarianism
C
117
Jessica Stein's gender strategy dictates ...
A devoted mother and wife
Emotional absenteeism
Abandoning her family for a full-time law career
A hard-driving type-A worker
B
118
Two applications are submitted for an IT position, these applications are identical except one is said to be from Robert, and the other from Ruth. Robert is hired because men are seen to be better with computers in general. This is an example of...
Gender Displacement
Institutional Discrimination
Anomie
Sexual Ambiguity
B
119
According to Hochschild, all of the following affect the economic situation of women who are divorced, except for:
the belief that child care is female work
the failure of ex-husbands to support their children
higher male wages
the disappearance of the family wage
D
120
Seth Stein's gender strategy dictates...
To give at home and to receive at work
To receive at home and to give at work
To give at home and to give at work
To receive at home and to receive at work
B
121
Which of the following is the BEST description of what Arlie Hochschild calls a "gender strategy?"
- How one chooses to marry another person
- A plan of action through which people try to solve a problem, given certain cultural and gender notions
- The amount of time husbands and wives devote to their work
- The differences in how men and women play board games
B
122
Which of the following does Hochschild argue forms a new basis of power and identity for women today?
Wages and authority on the job
The number of children a woman has
Influence over children or kin
Attractiveness to men
A
123
According to the family myth, Seth Stein was...
A family-oriented guy
A hard-driving type-A guy.
A success-oriented always tender husband
Doing 90% of household chores
B
124
According to lecture, all of the following describe current trends of the household division of labor, except:
- Men are doing more chores, but they are not as time consuming or as stressful as the chores women do.
- Most Americans still assign chores along gendered lines, even when the woman is the primary breadwinner.
- According to 2015 data, women perform 87% of daily household tasks (housework, cooking, financial management). Only 67% of men perform the same household tasks.
- Men and women's roles have been completely equalized
D
125
All of the following apply to Hochschild's research methods except for:
Interviewed those who domestic work is outsourced to.
Conducted ethnographic field research on 12 couples.
Interviewed 50 two-job couples.
Collected survey data on 145 couples.
D
126
Hochschild's research points out all of the following except for:
- Gender inequality is measured only in terms of wages and income
- Gender ideologies can be measured in terms of the second shift
- Gender ideologies equate femininity with domesticity
- Gender inequality can be measured in terms of the leisure gap
A
127
All of the following are examples of the glass ceiling except for:
- Female lawyers rarely make partner at elite law firms
- Hilary Clinton runs for President of the United States
- Few female executives become board members of Fortune 500 companies
- There are very few female CEOs
B
128
Which of the following terms describe why some of the tension continues to build between Jessica and Seth Stein?
Labor Theory of Value
The Upstairs/Downstairs Myth
Scarcity of Gratitude
Workaholicism
C
129
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding socialization and gender?
- Gender socialization can be reinforced through toys and children's books
- It is possible for humans to be resocialized
- Gender socialization starts at an early age
- The gender socialization does not have an influence on career choices.
D
130
Regarding the study of gender, sex, and sexuality, what do sociologists typically focus on?
- Inequality and power differences between men and women
- The essential differences between men and women that arise during gestation.
- Differences in the ways men and women are predisposed to act based on evolutionary composition
- Differences in power that are derived from distinct physical and mental abilties that vary by gender
A
131
What is Carmen Delacorte's gender strategy?
- The Upstairs/Downstairs
- Feigned Incompetence
- She doesn't have a gender strategy
- She works outside of the home
B
132
Which of the following is a gender strategy used by Frank Delacorte to reaffirm his gender ideology?
- Frank encourages his wife to work outside the home and goes so far as to help her find jobs.
- Frank acts as if he does not know how to do things around the house so his wife will do them for him.
- Frank explains that his wife Carmen works, but that she works from home and looks after children.
- Frank blames his lack of participation in the family on his demanding career.
C
133
At what point does secondary socialization end?
Never
After high school
Around the age of retirement
1-2 years old
A
134
Which of the following is an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy?
- An eager student pursues math and physics classes, fulfilling his or her interests in working with numbers, and eventually goes on to study astrophysics in college.
- A girl is told starting from an early age that she is inept at math, despite her interest in the subject. As a result, she opts for a college degree in English rather than physics.
- A male athlete is often told he is an excellent runner. However, despite these talents, he is more interested in throwing javelin for the track team.
- A woman takes an egalitarian stance in her marriage.
B
135
Frank and Carmen Delacorte would say that their relationship is ________but it really seemed to be _______.
traditional, egalitarian
traditional, transitional
transitional, egalitarian
transitional, traditional
A
136
Evan agrees to cook dinner every other day of the week in order to share the work load with Nancy. However, when it is his day to cook, he often forgets. This is an example of what?
The upstairs-downstairs myth
A gender strategy
An egalitarian gender ideology
Joey's Problem
B
137
The Holts consider their poor sex life a result of their son not going to bed ontime, or "Joey's Problem." Hochschild argues, instead, that their poor sex life is a result of _____________?
- Evan working to hard to be romantic with his wife.
- Nancy does not love Evan anymore and wants to get a divorce.
- Nancy is exhausted from working the second shift and resents Evan for not sharing the second shift equally.
- Joey is overly attached to his mom.
C
138
Which of the following would be a sociological critique of the essentialist perspective of gender?
- Essentialism is reliant on medical science
- Essentialism cannot explain the psychological drives that influence men and women to act differently
- Essentialism is ahistorical and underestimates culture
- Essentialism does not account for biological and evolutionary distinctions between men and women
C
139
What does it mean to say "gender is a social construction?"
- Gender is constructed by the biological distinction between men and women
- Gender is essentially our sex
- Masculinity and femininity are social agreements, not ontological facts
- Being a man or a woman has nothing to do with our physiology or our culture
C
140
What are the three gender ideologies?
- Republican, Democrat, Independent
- Traditional, Transitional, and Egalitarian
- Religious, Agnostic, Spiritual
- Provider, Nurturer, Equal
B
141
Why does Hochschild consider the Holts' "upstair-downstairs agreement" a myth?
- Nancy and Evan equally share the second shift, regardless of whether it is upstairs or downstairs.
- Evan did not help out with any of the second shift.
- Nancy still does the vast majority of the second shift.
- Nancy no longer expresses resentment about Evan not sharing equally in the second shift.
C
142
The stalled revolution is the strain between changes in women, changes in the job market, and...
- Cultural trends in the educational system
- Notions of feminism
- Notions of childbearing
- Cultural understandings of marriage and work
D
143
The belief that differences between men and women stem from in-born physiological and genetic distinctions.
- Essentialism
- Sexism
- Feminism
- Constructionism
A
144
What is a gender strategy?
- The way a couple decides the division of labor in the home
- How one chooses to marry another person
- A way to play a game
- A plan of action through which a person tries to solve problems at hand, given the cultural notions of gender at play
D
145
Though men and women may both contribute their time to housework, what does Hochschild NOT say is different about them?
- Men don't know how to do housework
- Women devote proportionately more of their time to housework
- Women multitask more often than men and so they end up doing more work
- Men get to choose when they participate in housework
A
146
According to the introduction of Uncoupling, what must occur in order for two people to uncouple?
They must decide who gets to keep their pets
They must redefine their identities as separate people
They must never see each other again
They must fight over common friends
B
147
According to Vaughn in Chapter One of Uncoupling, what is one of the first things the initiator tries to do in the uncoupling process?
- The initiator just ends the relationship
- The initiator tries to tell others they have made a mistake
- The initiator tries to tell the partner that they no longer want to be in the relationship
- The initiator tries to tell the partner that something is wrong
D
148
Which of the following is UNTRUE, according to Chapter 1 of Uncoupling?
- Uncoupling begins as a secretive, quiet process with one of the partners.
- By simply reflecting on the relationship, the dissatisfied partner initiates the breach between the two.
- Both of the partners are "on the same page" or simultaneously recognize that the relationship is not well.
- Uncoupling begins when one of the partners starts to feel uncomfortable about the relationship.
C
149
We learn all of the following from Chauncey's research, except for:
- In the early 1900s, male sexuality was defined by gendered behavior.
- There was more gay liberation in the early 1900s than in the 1950s.
- Sexuality must be looked at historically.
- The trichotomy of gay, bi, and straight adequately captures the sexual diversity in the U.S.
D
150
Initiators engage in displays of discontent for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
- To validate the initiator's view of the partner and the relationship.
- To clarify and solidify the problems in the relationship.
- They are so upset and unhappy that they cannot help themselves.
- To help the initiator cope with feelings of failure and loss.
C
151
According to Chapter 1 of Uncoupling, all of these happen in the "Secrets" phase EXCEPT:
- The initiator tries to change the partner.
- The initiator tries to change him/herself to better fit with their partner.
- The initiator begins developing outside interests and relationships.
- The initiator tries to change the rules of the relationship.
B
152
Symbolic Interactionists like Herbert Blumer fought against the ideas of what sociological movement?
Socialism
Negativism
Optimism
Positivism
D
153
In what phase of uncoupling has the initiator begun redefining him/herself as separate from the partner, even publicly, while the partner remains oblivious?
The Display of Discontent
Mid-transition
The Breakdown of Cover-Up
Secrets
B
154
At what phase of uncoupling does the initiator find a transitional person?
Mid-transition
Trying
The display of discontent
Secrets
C
155
According to Chapter 1 of Uncoupling, in what way does the initiator have power over the partner?
- The partner so badly wants the relationship to continue that they will do anything for that to happen.
- They hold information about the relationship that the other does not, and use that information to influence the situation in a way the partner cannot.
- Initiators often become abusive in the first stage of uncoupling.
- The initiator tends to have more power in the relationship in the first place, and this continues.
B
156
Quantitative Methods
Use of surveys or data sets. Has great breadth, covers a lot of stuff, but on a shallow level
157
Qualitative Methods
Use of interviews or field research. Has great depth, goes into more detail
158
Document Analysis
Use of written material. Can be qualitative or quantitative
159
Paradox of Contemporary Gay Visibility
There's increasing awareness of LGBTQ issues in the media, yet they're still used as punchlines. There's always the "token" gay guy
160
Michael Kimmel on privilege
It is invisible to those who have it
161
Michael Kimmel -- First step to engaging men to support gender equality
Making gender visible to men
162
Why do men resist gender equality?
A sense of entitlement
163
Why men should want gender equality
- Good for countries
- Good for companies
- Good for men
- Men, wives, and children are happier and healthier
164
In chapter 3 of Uncoupling, Vaughn argued that several things that may occur during the mid- transition period of a break-up. According to Vaughn, which of these does NOT occur during this time?
A. The initiator engages in “exploratory socialization”
B. Alienation from friends and family due to violation of religious ideologies
C. Rearrangement of the couple’s friends to reflect their growing separation
D. The couple engages in repeated cycles of trying to salvage their relationship
D
165
In Uncoupling, Vaughan has a chapter on “Going Public” where she discusses how a couple presents their separation to family and friends. Vaughan explains how the initiator and the partner each try to present the separation in a certain way to different people by controlling what they say and how they act towards them. Which of Goffman’s dramaturgical concepts does this behavior show?
A. Impression Management
B. Civil Inattention
C. Preparing for the performance in the backstage
D. Anomie
A
166
```
From a dramaturgical perspective, the secrets that Vaughan talks about in Uncoupling initially occupy which region?
A. Front Stage
B. The Audience
C. Back Stage
D. The Orchestra Pit
```
C
167
A woman walks into a fancy restaurant and starts to sing a song very loudly, causing people to stare at her. This is an example of WHAT kind of interaction problem:
A. she is a neoliberal, while the other people are liberals
B. she does not understand ethnography
C. she has a mental illness
D. she has the wrong definition of the situation
D
168
```
Sociologists use which of the following terms to refer to the practice of politely nodding to a stranger as you pass them on the street:
A. Definitional disruption
B. Civil inattention
C. The politeness myth
D. Postmodern playfulness
```
B
169
```
Herbert Blumer developed his theory of symbolic interactionism in the 1930’s as a response to:
A. Postmodernism
B. Structuralism
C. Positivism
D. Agency
```
C
170
In the concluding chapters, Hochschild makes some recommendations for the future of the second
shift. Which of these does she recommend?
A. Women should make chore lists for their male partners
B. Men should leave the corporate world to focus on their families
C. Large corporations should offer financial benefits to employees with children
D. Government policies should accommodate families by offering incentives to help citizens balance work and family
D
171
Harry and Taylor are on their first date. Taylor thinks it went very well, while Harry can’t wait to leave. At the end of the evening, Taylor leans in for a goodnight kiss while Harry quickly steps backward to avoid it. According to microsociologists, what has just occurred?
A. a gender ideology
B. an emotional violation
C. a conflict in the definition of the situation
D. a dramaturgical back stage
C
172
```
Responding to how we imagine others are seeing us during social exchanges describes
A. moral regulation
B. the “Alice syndrome”
C. reflective responsivism
D. the looking-glass self
```
D
173
Liberationist writers, such as Hannah Rosin, Amanda Marcotte and Jessica Valenti, have argued that hookup culture is good for young people because
A. it allows them to try out sexual roles and identities without being locked into a committed relationship.
B. it increases the use of birth control and awareness of safe sex practices.
C. it reduces the dangers of binge drinking as newly “hooked-up” couples tend to leave the party earlier.
D. it expands social networks for college students much farther than monogamous dating.
A
174
```
Which sociologist first used ethnography to demonstrate the framework of symbolic interactionism?
A. Herbert Blumer
B. Diane Vaughan
C. Emile Durkheim
D. George Chauncey
```
A
175
Which of the following would not be considered part of the early “Secrets” phase of a marital breakup or partner separation, according to Uncoupling:
A. the initiator quietly reviews the history of the relationship and reassesses its significance
B. the initiator engages in deep emotional labor in an effort to re-frame the partner more positively
C. the initiator makes an attempt to change the way household responsibilities have been divided
D. the initiator subtly attempts to “reshape the partner ‘to be a different person’”
B
176
```
“I now see my break with religion as part of my developing individuality. At the time I was close friends with priests and nuns, most of whom have since left the church. ... I felt constrained toward a type of marriage that was not best for me.” What stage of uncoupling does this quote refer to?
A. The Breakdown of cover-up
B. The Display of discontent
C. Mid-Transition
D. Uncoupling
```
C
177
“I think basically I blame the fact that I became divorced on the early age that I was married... our
value systems weren’t formed at that time and later we just grew apart.” This is an example of what action from Uncoupling, chapter 10?
A. Deciding that the separation was the result of an unavoidable external circumstance
B. Staging manufactured interactions with the initiator
C. Coming to a new conclusion that justifies the need for reconciliation
D. Providing a macrosociology perspective
A
178
Intersexed
individual body does not fit into category of male or female (1% of pop)
