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CAS 490T > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four categories of symptoms required for the current DSM diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder?

A

Reexperiencing
Avoidance
Negative alterations in cognition and mood
Arousal and reactivity

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2
Q

5 Symptoms of Reexperiencing

A

Disturbing memories of the traumatic event
Recurrent distressing trauma-related dreams
Prolonged or intense psychological distress
Physiological reactions in response to cues that are reminders of the event
Dissociative reactions

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3
Q

2 Symptoms of Avoidance

A

Persistant efforts to avoid trauma-related thought or feelings
Avoidance of external stimuli associated with the trauma

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4
Q

7 Symptoms of Negative alterations in cognitions and mood

A

Difficulty in remembering important aspects of the traumatic event
Distorted thought about the causes or consequences of the traumatic event
Diminished interest in significant activities
Persistent negative emotional states
Persistent inability to experience positive emotions
Exaggerated negative beliefs or expectations
Feelings of detachment from others

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5
Q

7 Symptoms alteration in arousal and reactivity

A 
Irritable behavior
Angry outbursts
Reckless behavior
Heightened vigilance
Exaggerated startle responses
Concentration difficulties
Sleep disturbances
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6
Q

Three different ways that parents may influence the development of anxiety through environmental paths

A

Pathway one = Classical conditioning
Pathway two = Parents prompt model and reinforce anxious behaviors
Pathway three= Transmission of information

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7
Q

Example of pathway one

A

Child is exposed to a threatening event developing fear and is reinforced in this behavior by avoiding the event

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8
Q

Example of pathway two

A

A child may approach an object that causes fear in the mother and after seeing mother’s reaction the child developes the fear

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9
Q

Example of pathway three

A

A child is more afraid of a stimuli that they have heard threatening things about

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10
Q

Name five treatment strategies that are often included in cognitive-behavioral treatments for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents.

A 
Relaxation procedures
Use of coping models 
Teaching problem-solving models
Homework assignments
Education about anxiety and emotions
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11
Q

The large category of disorders- many of which are often were traditionally referred to as neuroses - in which the problems exhibited seem directed more at the self then at others

A

internalizing disorders

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12
Q

Alarm reaction to future oriented concerns

Worry

A

anxiety

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13
Q

Immediate reaction to current threat

A

fear

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14
Q

Thoughts about possible negative outcomes that are intrusive and difficult to control

A

worry

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15
Q

Excessive fears that cannot be reasoned away, are beyond voluntary control, lead to avoidance and interfere with functioning

A

phobia

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16
Q

A marked fear of, or anxiety regarding a specific object or situation.

A

specific phobia

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17
Q

Persistent fear of acting in an embarrassing or humiliating way in social or performance situations

A

Social Phobia

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18
Q

when someone does not talk in social situations

A

Selective Mutism

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19
Q

Anxiety regarding separation from a major attachment figure and/or home

A

Separation Anxiety Disorder

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20
Q

Excessive anxiety regarding school attendance which results in the child not attending school

A

school refusal

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21
Q

The assessment of variables that might influence the occurrence and maintenance of behavior.

A

functional analysis

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22
Q

Excessive anxiety and worry about a number of events or activities

A

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

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23
Q

A discrete period of intense fear or terror that has a sudden onset and reaches a peak quickly

A

panic attack

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24
Q

anxiety about being in a situation in which escape may be difficult or embarrassing

A

agoraphobia

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25
Q

Recurrent unexpected panic attacks

A

panic disorder

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26
Q

An event outside everyday experience that would be distressing to almost anyone

A

trauma

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27
Q

Marked emotional or behavioral symptoms of distress that a person develops in response to an identifiable stressor and which interfere with important ares of functioning

A

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

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28
Q

Alterations in self-awareness

A

dissociation

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29
Q

Unwanted, repetitive, intrusive thoughts that are not simply excessive real-life concerns and that cause considerable distress or anxiety

A

obsessions

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30
Q

repetitive, stereotyped behaviors that someone feels forced to perform and that are meant to reduce anxiety or prevent a dreaded event

A

compulsions

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31
Q

Involves both obsessions, compulsions or both

A

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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32
Q

A chronic disorder with a genetic and neuroanatomical basis characterized by motor and vocal tics and related urges

A

Tourette syndrome

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33
Q

Sudden, rapid, recurrent, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations

A

tics

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34
Q

Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections

A

PANDAS

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35
Q

Sudden onset or exacerbation of OCD symptoms following infection

A

PANDAS

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36
Q

hypervigilant of their environment, particularly in novel or unfamiliar situations, and extremely likely to withdraw from unfamiliar people or events

A

behavioral inhibition

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37
Q

temperamental dimension characterized by a general and persistent negative mood

A

negative affectivity

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38
Q

Parent/child interactions that anticipate threats, overly regulate, and limit children’s activities, and instruct children how to think and feel

A

overprotective/intrusive parenting

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39
Q

Training that teaches individuals to be aware of their physiological and muscular reactions to anxiety, and provides them with skills to control these reactions

A

relaxation training

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40
Q

combination of relaxation training and exposure to feared situations

A

desensitization

41
Q

A commonly employed behavioral procedure

A

modeling

42
Q

Use of procedures that seek to modify behavior by altering the causal relationship between stimulus and response events, for example, modifying a particular outcome or consequence of a behavior

A

contingency management

43
Q

Child or adolescent is gradually exposed to the situation that causes anxiety and the compulsive ritual is averted by helping the youngster resist the urge to perform the ritual

A

exposure with response prevention

44
Q

disorder in which the sad mood and other features usually considered essential to diagnosis of depression frequently were not present.

A

masked depression

45
Q

One mood is experienced, usually depression

A

unipolar mood disorder

46
Q

Two mood are experienced, depression and mania

A

bipolar mood disorder

47
Q

presence of one or more major depressive episodes

A

Major Depressive Disorder

48
Q

A milder persistant chronic type of depression

A

Dysthymic Disorder

49
Q

instances in which both chronic and less sever depression and major depressive episodes are present.

A

double depression

50
Q

a

A

Adjustment Disorder with Depressed Mood

51
Q

A stress hormone produced by the adrenal glands

A

cortisol

52
Q

Tendency to experience negative emotions, be sensitive to negative stimulus, and be wary and vigilant

A

negative affectivity

53
Q

Qualities such as approach, energy, sociability, and sensitivity to reward cues.

A

positive affectivity

54
Q

When someone as a result of their learning history, comes to perceive themself as having little control of the environment

A

learned helplessness

55
Q

The way an individual thinks about or explains actions and outcomes

A

attributional (explanatory) style

56
Q

The tendency to catastrophize, overgeneralize, personalize and selectively attend to negative events

A

cognitive distortions

57
Q

Challenging and changing problematic cognitions

A

cognitive restructuring

58
Q

Medication for depression that prevents the reabsorption of serotonin thus allowing it to remain in the synapse longer making it more available to the brain

A

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

59
Q

no longer meeting diagnostic criteria or cutoff scores

A

remission

60
Q

activities that encourage the participants to be active and do pleasant things

A

behavioral activation

61
Q

Disorder that involves the presence of mania as well as depressive symptoms

A

Bipolar Disorder

62
Q

A period of abnormally, persistently elevated or irritable mood and increased energy or activity that is also persistent

A

mania

63
Q

mood that is characterized by features such as inflated self-esteem, high rates of activity, speech and thinking, distractibility, and exaggerated feelings of physical and mental well being.

A

euphoric mood

64
Q

Education that seeks to inform the patient and family about the disorder, its likely course, and the nature of treatment

A

psychoeducation

65
Q

imitation or increased suicidal behavior

A

contagion

66
Q

A legal term used in the criminal justice system to describe youth who exhibit conduct problems/antisocial behavior

A

delinquency

67
Q

Individuals who display a persistent pattern of aggressive and antisocial behavior after the age of 18. Behavior is characterized by a pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others

A

Antisocial Personality Disorder

68
Q

Disorder that is described by a pattern of symptoms that are grouped into three clusters: angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior and vindictiveness

A

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

69
Q

Disorder with a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates both the basic rights of others and major age-appropriate societal norms

A

Conduct Disorder

70
Q

Behavioral disorders in which the problems exhibited seem directed at others

A

externalizing problems

71
Q

Confrontational antisocial behaviors like fighting and temper tantrums

A

overt conduct problems

72
Q

concealed, antisocial behaviors like fire setting, stealing and truancy

A

covert conduct problems

73
Q

Behaviors intended to damage another individual’s feelings or friendships.

A

relational aggression

74
Q

Extreme form of physical aggression

A

violence

75
Q

Characterized by an imbalance of power and involves intentionally and repeatedly causing fear, distress, or harm to someone who has difficulty defending him or herself

A

bullying

76
Q

Higher order cognitive functions that play a role in information processing and problem solving

A

executive functions

77
Q

A characteristic associated with antisocial personality disorder and is described as a pattern of traits such as a lack of empathy; a deceitful, arrogant, manipulative interpersonal style and an impulsive and irresponsible behavioral style

A

psychopathy

78
Q

Attributes such as lack of guilt, lack of empathy, and callous use of others for one’s own gain

A

callous/unemotional traits

79
Q

Life-course persistent antisocial behavior. Less common than other pathways

A

childhood-onset developmental pattern

80
Q

More common conduct disorder pathway. Individuals who exhibit this disorder exhibit little oppositional or antisocial behavior in childhood.

A

adolescent-onset developmental pattern

81
Q

A process in which a noxious or aversive behavior of one person is rewarded by another person

A

coercion

82
Q

an interrelated set of skills: accurately tracking and classifying problem behaviors, ignoring trivial coercive events and using effective consequences when necessary to back up demands and requests

A

parental discipline

83
Q

Important to the prevent the development and persistence over time of antisocial behavior

A

parental monitoring

84
Q

Angry hot blooded retaliatory response to perceived provocation or frustration

A

reactive aggression

85
Q

not associated with anger and is characterized by deliberate aversive behaviors like starting fights, bullying and teasing that are orientated to specific goals or supported by positive environmental outcomes

A

Proactive aggression

86
Q

related to the emotions fear and anxiety and tends to stop action in novel or fearful situations or under conditions of punishment or non-reward

A

behavioral inhibition system

87
Q

Tends to promote behavior in the presence of reinforcement it is associated with reward seeking and pleasurable emotions

A

behavioral activation system

88
Q

Drugs that are considered illegal including marijuana, cocaine, ecstasy, hallucinogens and heroine

A

illicit drugs

89
Q

Drugs that are legal for adults or by prescription

A

licit drugs

90
Q

involve a pattern of behavioral, cognitive, and psychological symptoms that indicate that the individual continues to use the substance despite appreciable substance-related problems

A

substance use disorders

91
Q

Conditions of intoxication, withdrawal, and other mental disorders that are due to the recent use of a particular substance.

A

substance-induced disorders

92
Q

Treatments are conducted primarily with the parents

A

parent training

93
Q

Points and praise are gained for appropriate behavior and are lost for inappropriate behaviors.

A

token economy

94
Q

Children displaying this tend to be lethargic, prone to day dreams, confused are more socially withdrawn

A

sluggish cognitive tempo

95
Q

The ability to interrupt responses that are already underway and proving ineffective

A

response inhibition

96
Q

A motivational problem that is displayed as excessive reward seeking behavior and decreased sensitivity to punishment

A

sensitivity to reward

97
Q

The processing of time

A

temporal processing

98
Q

Attempts to avoid or escape delay

A

delay aversion

CAS 490T (5 decks)

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