Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Bovine Listeria: Location
A
ubiquitous, concentrated in rotting hay/improperly stored silage
2
Q
Bovine Listeria: Signs
A
abortion in last trimester, listeria signs in dam
3
Q
Bovine Listeria: Dx
A
culture - fetal tissue, placenta
4
Q
Bovine Listeria: Lesions
A
autolysed fetus w/ necrotic foci in liver
pinpoint yellow, necrotic foci on tips of cotlendonary villi, w/ placentitis
5
Q
Bovine Lepto: Types
A
host adapted, non-host adapted
6
Q
What type of lepto causes abortion storms in bovine?
A
non-host adapted
7
Q
Bovine Lepto: Signs
A
hepato/renal dz, hemolytic anemia, abortion, photosensitization
if any
8
Q
Bovine Lepto: Dx
A
FAU - fetal kidney, materanl urine, PCR
9
Q
Brucella: Signs
A
abortion (after 5mo), weak calves, placentits
10
Q
Bovine Brucella: Dx
A
signs, iso - fetal lung/abomasum, uterus, placenta
11
Q
T/F: Bovine Brucella is reportable.
A
True
12
Q
Bovine Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma: Signs
A
granular vulvovaginitis, salpingitis
13
Q
What media is used to grow bovine campylobacter?
A
Clark’s media (get sample with prepuce comb)
14
Q
Bovine Tritrichomonas foetus: Dx
A
reverse stair pregnancy histogram, delayed return to estrus, iso - (get sample with prepuce comb)
15
Q
IBR: Etiology
A
herpesvirus 1
16
Q
IBR: Dx
A
IHC, FA
17
Q
What is the greatest concern with BVDV?
A
Persistently Infected calves
18
Q
BVDV: Signs
A
unthrifty, intermittent diarrhea, chronic respiratory dz
if any
19
Q
BVDV: Dx
A
virus neutralization (-) 14d apart, virus (+) for 14d
20
Q
Bovine Bluetongue: Etiology
A
orbivirus
21
Q
Bovine Bluetongue: Transmission
A
culicoides
22
Q
What plants are teratogenic?
A
locoweed, poison hemlock, lupines, tree tobaco
23
Q
What plants cause abortions?
A
locoweed, nitrates, ponderosa pine, broomweed
24
Q
What plants cause infertility?
A
locoweed, fescue
25
Poison Hemlock: Teratogenesis
crooked calf syndrome
26
Poison Hemlock: Time of Toxicicty
50-75d
27
Lupines: Teratogenesis
severe limb/spine deformities, cleft palate
28
Lupines: Time of Toxicity
40-70d
29
T/F: Lupines are teratogenic in all ruminants.
false
| they're not teratogenic in small ruminants
30
Tobacco: Teratogenesis
arthrogryposis of forelimbs
31
Tobacco: Time of Toxicity
50-75d
32
Lupine: Toxins
anagyrine, ammodendrine
33
Locoweed: Toxin
swainsonine
34
Locoweed: Teratogenesis
hydrops/arthrogryposis
35
Ponderosa Pine: Toxin
isocupressic acid
36
Broomweed/Snakeweed: Toxins
esters, terpines, saponins
37
Fescue: Toxin
symbiotic fungus (Neotyphodium)
38
Nitrates: Sequelae
fetal hypoxia
39
What are Dropsical Conditions?
hydrallantois, hydamnios
40
Hyrdallantois: Etiology
Placental dysfunction => accumulation of allantoid fluid during 5-20d of last trimester
41
Hydamnios: Apperance
Fetal dysfunction => accumulation of amniotic fluid
42
Dropsical Conditions: Tx
abortion, slow drainage of fluid (over 24hr)
43
When is Progesterone production of Luteal origin?
first 150d of gestation
44
When does the uterus start producing progesterone?
Day 150-250
45
Induced Abortion: Drugs
prostaglandin, corticosteroids
46
Induced Abortion: Strategies - Cow
5-150d of gestation - single PGF => abortion in 5-7d (fertile 3-5d after)
150-240d of gestation - PGF + corticosteroids => abortion in 5d
47
Induced Parturition: Indications Bovine
severe udder edema, vaginal prolapse, abnormal pregnancy
48
Induced Parturition: Method Bovine
Dex/PGF => parturition in 2-3d
49
Bull Soundness Evaluation: Components
hx, PE, testes, genital tract (rectal palp), semen evaluation
50
Bull Soundness Exam: PE POI
not lame, good confirmation to mount, able to see, prepuce
51
Bull Soundness Exam: Testes POI
symmetric, non-painful, no lesions, circumfrance
52
Testes Circumference: Procedure
squeeze testes distally, measure at widest point
53
Bull Soundness Exam: Semen Evaluation POI
gross motility, progressive motility, morphology
54
Bull Soundness Exam: Semen Evaluations - Morphologic Abnormalities
primary defect - tesis origin
| secondary defect - epidydimal defect
55
Penile Papilloma: Tx
sx removal
56
Penile Hair Ring: Etilogy
accumulation of body hair around penis
57
Persistent Frenulum: Etiology
incomplete separation of penis and prepuce => ventral deviation
58
Vesiculitis: Signs
painful when palpated, loss of lobulation
59
Epididymitis: Signs
early - swollen, painful
| Late - small, hard misshapen
60
Estrous Cycle: Ewe Length
17d
61
Estrous Cycle: Doe Length
21d
62
Estrus Length: Ewe
30hr
63
Estrus Length: Doe
36hr
64
Gestation Length: Ewe
147d
65
Gestation Length: Doe
150d
66
Small Ruminants: Breeding Management
place teaser ram 14d prior, 2-4 rams/100 ewes
67
What is flushing in Small Ruminant breeding?
increased nutrient uptake weeks prior
68
Repro Manipulation: Small Ruminant Methods
CIDR, light manipulation, male effect
69
Small Ruminants: Pregnancy Dx
U/S - heartbeat @ 25d, placentomes @ 35d, skeleton @ 60d
| x-ray - 50d
70
Ringwomb: Definition
failure of cervix to completely dilate
71
How long does the uterus take to involute in Small Ruminants?
30d
72
Pregnancy Toxemia: Small Ruminant - Timing
last trimester
73
Pregnancy Toxemia: Small Ruminant - Tx
remove fetus, glucose
74
Induce Parturition: Small Ruminant - Methods
Dexamethasone IM 141d => parturition w/in 36hr
75
Swine: Ideal Mammary System
10 functional teats, 3 pairs cranial to umbilicus,
76
Swine: Factors Affecting Puberty
age (5-8mo), wt (200-250), breed, season (long day), movement, mixing ages, boar effect
77
Swine: Estrous Length
21d polyestrous
78
Swine: Estrus Length
36-72hr
79
Swine: Ovulation Occurance
2/3 way through estrus
80
Swine: Estrus Signs
vulva swelling + discharge, vocalizing, lordosis response (back pressure test)
81
Swine: Synchronization Methods
all-in/all-out weaning - estrus occurs 4-7d post-weaning
| alternagest - feed 14d, return to estrus 4-7d post withdrawl
82
What is the preferred semen collection method in swine?
gloved hand
83
Swine Sperm Evaluation: Parameters
color, opacity, odor, motility, concentration, morphology
84
Swine: Semen:Extender Ratio
1:4-10
85
Swine: Gestation Length
114d
86
How many embryos are needed to maintain pregnancy by day 11 in sows?
4
87
Swine: Pregnancy Dx
PGF2a concentration, progesterone, U/S, rads
88
Swine: Parturition Signs
restless, nesting, frequent urination + defication
89
T/F: Inducing parturition in swine is normal practice.
True
| for all-in/all-out weaning synch, and to cross-foster piglets
90
Swine: Parturition Induction Method
prostaglandin, farrowing 18-36hr post
91
Swine: C-section Incision
upside-down T over ventral flank
92
Swine: Parturition Complications
prolapsed vagina/uterus/bladder, vulvar hematomas/tears, metritis
93
When does mummification usually occur with fetal death?
>35d
94
Swine: Non-infectious Infertility - Etiologies
hydrosalpinx, ovarian cysts
95
What dzs directly interfere with swine spermatogenesis?
brucella, chlamydia, rubulavirus
96
Swine: Lepto - Signs
mummified/macerated fetuses
97
Swine: Brucella - Lesions
granulomatous lesions in uterus, ovaries, testes, ASG, liver, kidney
98
What factor of Erysipelothrix infection causes abortion?
fever and septicemia
99
PRRS: Etiology
arterivirus
100
PRRS: Forms
reproductive failure - premature farrowing
| post-weaning respiratory dz - dec gain, inc. mortality
101
PRRS: Dx
herd serology
102
Porcine Parvovirus: Signs
SMEDI, no signs in dam
103
Pseudorabies (Aujesky's): Etiology
herpesvirus
104
Pseudorabies: Signs
encephalities, repro failure, dec. litter size (based on age of infection)
105
What is Zearalenone?
toxin that causes signs of estrus
106
Canine: Time of Puberty
6-10mo
107
Canine: Length of Estrous
7mo
108
Interestrus Period: Definition
time from the beginning of one estrus to the beginning of the next
109
Canine: Vaginal Cytology Stages
parabasal -> small intermediate -> large intermediated -> cornified
110
Canine: Proestrus - Signs
vulvar swelling, bloody discharge, attracts but non-receptive
111
Canine: Proestrus - Cytology
inc. cornified epithelium, RBC, WBC, debris
112
Canine: Estrus - Signs
stands to be mounted, "winking" vulva, deviation of tail
113
Canine: Estrus - Cytology
cornified epithelium (50% anuclear), no debris/WBC
114
T/F: Progesterone rises after ovulation in the canine.
False
| It starts to rise before ovulation
115
Canine: Diestrus - Signs
not accepting males
116
Canine: Diestrus - Cytology
parabasal cells, small intermediate cells
117
When does Ovulation occur in the canine?
day 3-4 of estrus
118
T/F: Dogs ovulate oocysts ready for fertilization.
False
| they ovulate primary oocytes
119
Canine: Progesterone Evaluation - POI
```
2 = LH peak
5 = ovulation
>15 = confirmed ovulation
```
120
When do you breed the dog?
48 and 96hr post ovulation for natural/shipped
| 72hr post ovulation for frozen
121
What drugs are used for chemical ejaculation in the dog?
oxytocin, PGF2a
122
Canine Hormone Control: Ovaban - Drug
progestin
123
Canine Hormone Control: Ovaban - Purpose
prevent ovulation and pseudopregnancy
124
Canine Hormone Control: Regumate - Drug
progesterone
125
Canine Hormone Control: Regumate - Purpose
supplement during pregnancy
126
Canine Hormone Control: Progesterone Supplement - Side Effects
masculinization of female pups
127
Canine Hormone Control: Miborlerone - Drug
androgenic compound
128
Canine Estrus Control: Mibolerone - Purpose
long term contraceptive
129
Canine Hormone Control: Deslorelin - Drug
GnRH Analog
130
Canine Hormone Control: Deslorelin - Purpose
repro suppression (available for ferrets)
131
Canine Hormone Control: Mismating Shots - Drug
estrogen
132
Canine (and ferret) Estrogen Toxicity: Signs
irreversible bone marrow suppression
133
Canine Hormone Control: Prolactin Inhibitors - Drugs
bromocriptine (dopamine agonist), cabergoline (serotonin antagonist)
134
Canine Hormone Control: Prolactin Inhibitors - Purpose
lyse CL
135
Canine Induced Abortion: Methods
lutalyse, prolactin inhibitors, combo
136
Canine Induced Estrus: Methods
cabergoline
137
Episioplasty: Procedure
removal of excess skin around vulva
138
Canine: Brucella - Signs
placentitis => abortion
| orchitis/epididymitis
139
Canine: Brucella - Tx
none for breeders
140
Canine: Brucella - Dx
culture, rapid slide agglutination test
141
Canine: Mycoplasma - Tx
doxycyclline
142
When is canine Herpesvirus most dangerous?
when the dam is infected 3wks pre- and post- partum
143
Canine: Herpesvirus - Signs
fading puppies (crying, greenish stool, abdominal pain)
144
Azoospermia: Definition
ejaculation w/o sperm
145
Azoospermia: Causes
incomplete ejaculation, intersex, bilateral cryptorchid, testes neoplasia
146
Priapism: Definition
persistent erection
147
When does a cat reach puberty?
1st February of life
148
Feline: Proestrus - Signs
inc. activity, vocalization, behavior change
149
Feline: Estrus - Signs
vocalization, rolling, allows mounting
150
Feline: Estrus - Length
3-16d
151
Feline: Post-Estrus - Definition
period between estrus periods if no ovulation
152
Feline: Length of Gestation
65d
153
Feline: Pregnancy Dx
U/S, relaxin (detectable @ d 25)
154
T/F: Feline Herpesvirus causes abortion.
true
155
Feline Panleukopenia Virus: Effects
Cerebellar hypoplasia
