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Therio > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Bovine Listeria: Location

A

ubiquitous, concentrated in rotting hay/improperly stored silage

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2
Q

Bovine Listeria: Signs

A

abortion in last trimester, listeria signs in dam

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3
Q

Bovine Listeria: Dx

A

culture - fetal tissue, placenta

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4
Q

Bovine Listeria: Lesions

A

autolysed fetus w/ necrotic foci in liver

pinpoint yellow, necrotic foci on tips of cotlendonary villi, w/ placentitis

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5
Q

Bovine Lepto: Types

A

host adapted, non-host adapted

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6
Q

What type of lepto causes abortion storms in bovine?

A

non-host adapted

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7
Q

Bovine Lepto: Signs

A

hepato/renal dz, hemolytic anemia, abortion, photosensitization
if any

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8
Q

Bovine Lepto: Dx

A

FAU - fetal kidney, materanl urine, PCR

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9
Q

Brucella: Signs

A

abortion (after 5mo), weak calves, placentits

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10
Q

Bovine Brucella: Dx

A

signs, iso - fetal lung/abomasum, uterus, placenta

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11
Q

T/F: Bovine Brucella is reportable.

A

True

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12
Q

Bovine Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma: Signs

A

granular vulvovaginitis, salpingitis

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13
Q

What media is used to grow bovine campylobacter?

A

Clark’s media (get sample with prepuce comb)

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14
Q

Bovine Tritrichomonas foetus: Dx

A

reverse stair pregnancy histogram, delayed return to estrus, iso - (get sample with prepuce comb)

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15
Q

IBR: Etiology

A

herpesvirus 1

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16
Q

IBR: Dx

A

IHC, FA

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17
Q

What is the greatest concern with BVDV?

A

Persistently Infected calves

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18
Q

BVDV: Signs

A

unthrifty, intermittent diarrhea, chronic respiratory dz

if any

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19
Q

BVDV: Dx

A

virus neutralization (-) 14d apart, virus (+) for 14d

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20
Q

Bovine Bluetongue: Etiology

A

orbivirus

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21
Q

Bovine Bluetongue: Transmission

A

culicoides

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22
Q

What plants are teratogenic?

A

locoweed, poison hemlock, lupines, tree tobaco

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23
Q

What plants cause abortions?

A

locoweed, nitrates, ponderosa pine, broomweed

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24
Q

What plants cause infertility?

A

locoweed, fescue

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25
Q

Poison Hemlock: Teratogenesis

A

crooked calf syndrome

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26
Q

Poison Hemlock: Time of Toxicicty

A

50-75d

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27
Q

Lupines: Teratogenesis

A

severe limb/spine deformities, cleft palate

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28
Q

Lupines: Time of Toxicity

A

40-70d

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29
Q

T/F: Lupines are teratogenic in all ruminants.

A

false

they’re not teratogenic in small ruminants

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30
Q

Tobacco: Teratogenesis

A

arthrogryposis of forelimbs

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31
Q

Tobacco: Time of Toxicity

A

50-75d

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32
Q

Lupine: Toxins

A

anagyrine, ammodendrine

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33
Q

Locoweed: Toxin

A

swainsonine

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34
Q

Locoweed: Teratogenesis

A

hydrops/arthrogryposis

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35
Q

Ponderosa Pine: Toxin

A

isocupressic acid

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36
Q

Broomweed/Snakeweed: Toxins

A

esters, terpines, saponins

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37
Q

Fescue: Toxin

A

symbiotic fungus (Neotyphodium)

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38
Q

Nitrates: Sequelae

A

fetal hypoxia

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39
Q

What are Dropsical Conditions?

A

hydrallantois, hydamnios

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40
Q

Hyrdallantois: Etiology

A

Placental dysfunction => accumulation of allantoid fluid during 5-20d of last trimester

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41
Q

Hydamnios: Apperance

A

Fetal dysfunction => accumulation of amniotic fluid

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42
Q

Dropsical Conditions: Tx

A

abortion, slow drainage of fluid (over 24hr)

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43
Q

When is Progesterone production of Luteal origin?

A

first 150d of gestation

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44
Q

When does the uterus start producing progesterone?

A

Day 150-250

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45
Q

Induced Abortion: Drugs

A

prostaglandin, corticosteroids

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46
Q

Induced Abortion: Strategies - Cow

A

5-150d of gestation - single PGF => abortion in 5-7d (fertile 3-5d after)
150-240d of gestation - PGF + corticosteroids => abortion in 5d

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47
Q

Induced Parturition: Indications Bovine

A

severe udder edema, vaginal prolapse, abnormal pregnancy

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48
Q

Induced Parturition: Method Bovine

A

Dex/PGF => parturition in 2-3d

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49
Q

Bull Soundness Evaluation: Components

A

hx, PE, testes, genital tract (rectal palp), semen evaluation

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50
Q

Bull Soundness Exam: PE POI

A

not lame, good confirmation to mount, able to see, prepuce

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51
Q

Bull Soundness Exam: Testes POI

A

symmetric, non-painful, no lesions, circumfrance

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52
Q

Testes Circumference: Procedure

A

squeeze testes distally, measure at widest point

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53
Q

Bull Soundness Exam: Semen Evaluation POI

A

gross motility, progressive motility, morphology

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54
Q

Bull Soundness Exam: Semen Evaluations - Morphologic Abnormalities

A

primary defect - tesis origin

secondary defect - epidydimal defect

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55
Q

Penile Papilloma: Tx

A

sx removal

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56
Q

Penile Hair Ring: Etilogy

A

accumulation of body hair around penis

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57
Q

Persistent Frenulum: Etiology

A

incomplete separation of penis and prepuce => ventral deviation

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58
Q

Vesiculitis: Signs

A

painful when palpated, loss of lobulation

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59
Q

Epididymitis: Signs

A

early - swollen, painful

Late - small, hard misshapen

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60
Q

Estrous Cycle: Ewe Length

A

17d

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61
Q

Estrous Cycle: Doe Length

A

21d

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62
Q

Estrus Length: Ewe

A

30hr

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63
Q

Estrus Length: Doe

A

36hr

64
Q

Gestation Length: Ewe

A

147d

65
Q

Gestation Length: Doe

A

150d

66
Q

Small Ruminants: Breeding Management

A

place teaser ram 14d prior, 2-4 rams/100 ewes

67
Q

What is flushing in Small Ruminant breeding?

A

increased nutrient uptake weeks prior

68
Q

Repro Manipulation: Small Ruminant Methods

A

CIDR, light manipulation, male effect

69
Q

Small Ruminants: Pregnancy Dx

A

U/S - heartbeat @ 25d, placentomes @ 35d, skeleton @ 60d

x-ray - 50d

70
Q

Ringwomb: Definition

A

failure of cervix to completely dilate

71
Q

How long does the uterus take to involute in Small Ruminants?

A

30d

72
Q

Pregnancy Toxemia: Small Ruminant - Timing

A

last trimester

73
Q

Pregnancy Toxemia: Small Ruminant - Tx

A

remove fetus, glucose

74
Q

Induce Parturition: Small Ruminant - Methods

A

Dexamethasone IM 141d => parturition w/in 36hr

75
Q

Swine: Ideal Mammary System

A

10 functional teats, 3 pairs cranial to umbilicus,

76
Q

Swine: Factors Affecting Puberty

A

age (5-8mo), wt (200-250), breed, season (long day), movement, mixing ages, boar effect

77
Q

Swine: Estrous Length

A

21d polyestrous

78
Q

Swine: Estrus Length

A

36-72hr

79
Q

Swine: Ovulation Occurance

A

2/3 way through estrus

80
Q

Swine: Estrus Signs

A

vulva swelling + discharge, vocalizing, lordosis response (back pressure test)

81
Q

Swine: Synchronization Methods

A

all-in/all-out weaning - estrus occurs 4-7d post-weaning

alternagest - feed 14d, return to estrus 4-7d post withdrawl

82
Q

What is the preferred semen collection method in swine?

A

gloved hand

83
Q

Swine Sperm Evaluation: Parameters

A

color, opacity, odor, motility, concentration, morphology

84
Q

Swine: Semen:Extender Ratio

A

1:4-10

85
Q

Swine: Gestation Length

A

114d

86
Q

How many embryos are needed to maintain pregnancy by day 11 in sows?

A

4

87
Q

Swine: Pregnancy Dx

A

PGF2a concentration, progesterone, U/S, rads

88
Q

Swine: Parturition Signs

A

restless, nesting, frequent urination + defication

89
Q

T/F: Inducing parturition in swine is normal practice.

A

True

for all-in/all-out weaning synch, and to cross-foster piglets

90
Q

Swine: Parturition Induction Method

A

prostaglandin, farrowing 18-36hr post

91
Q

Swine: C-section Incision

A

upside-down T over ventral flank

92
Q

Swine: Parturition Complications

A

prolapsed vagina/uterus/bladder, vulvar hematomas/tears, metritis

93
Q

When does mummification usually occur with fetal death?

A

> 35d

94
Q

Swine: Non-infectious Infertility - Etiologies

A

hydrosalpinx, ovarian cysts

95
Q

What dzs directly interfere with swine spermatogenesis?

A

brucella, chlamydia, rubulavirus

96
Q

Swine: Lepto - Signs

A

mummified/macerated fetuses

97
Q

Swine: Brucella - Lesions

A

granulomatous lesions in uterus, ovaries, testes, ASG, liver, kidney

98
Q

What factor of Erysipelothrix infection causes abortion?

A

fever and septicemia

99
Q

PRRS: Etiology

A

arterivirus

100
Q

PRRS: Forms

A

reproductive failure - premature farrowing

post-weaning respiratory dz - dec gain, inc. mortality

101
Q

PRRS: Dx

A

herd serology

102
Q

Porcine Parvovirus: Signs

A

SMEDI, no signs in dam

103
Q

Pseudorabies (Aujesky’s): Etiology

A

herpesvirus

104
Q

Pseudorabies: Signs

A

encephalities, repro failure, dec. litter size (based on age of infection)

105
Q

What is Zearalenone?

A

toxin that causes signs of estrus

106
Q

Canine: Time of Puberty

A

6-10mo

107
Q

Canine: Length of Estrous

A

7mo

108
Q

Interestrus Period: Definition

A

time from the beginning of one estrus to the beginning of the next

109
Q

Canine: Vaginal Cytology Stages

A

parabasal -> small intermediate -> large intermediated -> cornified

110
Q

Canine: Proestrus - Signs

A

vulvar swelling, bloody discharge, attracts but non-receptive

111
Q

Canine: Proestrus - Cytology

A

inc. cornified epithelium, RBC, WBC, debris

112
Q

Canine: Estrus - Signs

A

stands to be mounted, “winking” vulva, deviation of tail

113
Q

Canine: Estrus - Cytology

A

cornified epithelium (50% anuclear), no debris/WBC

114
Q

T/F: Progesterone rises after ovulation in the canine.

A

False

It starts to rise before ovulation

115
Q

Canine: Diestrus - Signs

A

not accepting males

116
Q

Canine: Diestrus - Cytology

A

parabasal cells, small intermediate cells

117
Q

When does Ovulation occur in the canine?

A

day 3-4 of estrus

118
Q

T/F: Dogs ovulate oocysts ready for fertilization.

A

False

they ovulate primary oocytes

119
Q

Canine: Progesterone Evaluation - POI

A 
2 = LH peak
5 = ovulation
>15 = confirmed ovulation
120
Q

When do you breed the dog?

A

48 and 96hr post ovulation for natural/shipped

72hr post ovulation for frozen

121
Q

What drugs are used for chemical ejaculation in the dog?

A

oxytocin, PGF2a

122
Q

Canine Hormone Control: Ovaban - Drug

A

progestin

123
Q

Canine Hormone Control: Ovaban - Purpose

A

prevent ovulation and pseudopregnancy

124
Q

Canine Hormone Control: Regumate - Drug

A

progesterone

125
Q

Canine Hormone Control: Regumate - Purpose

A

supplement during pregnancy

126
Q

Canine Hormone Control: Progesterone Supplement - Side Effects

A

masculinization of female pups

127
Q

Canine Hormone Control: Miborlerone - Drug

A

androgenic compound

128
Q

Canine Estrus Control: Mibolerone - Purpose

A

long term contraceptive

129
Q

Canine Hormone Control: Deslorelin - Drug

A

GnRH Analog

130
Q

Canine Hormone Control: Deslorelin - Purpose

A

repro suppression (available for ferrets)

131
Q

Canine Hormone Control: Mismating Shots - Drug

A

estrogen

132
Q

Canine (and ferret) Estrogen Toxicity: Signs

A

irreversible bone marrow suppression

133
Q

Canine Hormone Control: Prolactin Inhibitors - Drugs

A

bromocriptine (dopamine agonist), cabergoline (serotonin antagonist)

134
Q

Canine Hormone Control: Prolactin Inhibitors - Purpose

A

lyse CL

135
Q

Canine Induced Abortion: Methods

A

lutalyse, prolactin inhibitors, combo

136
Q

Canine Induced Estrus: Methods

A

cabergoline

137
Q

Episioplasty: Procedure

A

removal of excess skin around vulva

138
Q

Canine: Brucella - Signs

A

placentitis => abortion

orchitis/epididymitis

139
Q

Canine: Brucella - Tx

A

none for breeders

140
Q

Canine: Brucella - Dx

A

culture, rapid slide agglutination test

141
Q

Canine: Mycoplasma - Tx

A

doxycyclline

142
Q

When is canine Herpesvirus most dangerous?

A

when the dam is infected 3wks pre- and post- partum

143
Q

Canine: Herpesvirus - Signs

A

fading puppies (crying, greenish stool, abdominal pain)

144
Q

Azoospermia: Definition

A

ejaculation w/o sperm

145
Q

Azoospermia: Causes

A

incomplete ejaculation, intersex, bilateral cryptorchid, testes neoplasia

146
Q

Priapism: Definition

A

persistent erection

147
Q

When does a cat reach puberty?

A

1st February of life

148
Q

Feline: Proestrus - Signs

A

inc. activity, vocalization, behavior change

149
Q

Feline: Estrus - Signs

A

vocalization, rolling, allows mounting

150
Q

Feline: Estrus - Length

A

3-16d

151
Q

Feline: Post-Estrus - Definition

A

period between estrus periods if no ovulation

152
Q

Feline: Length of Gestation

A

65d

153
Q

Feline: Pregnancy Dx

A

U/S, relaxin (detectable @ d 25)

154
Q

T/F: Feline Herpesvirus causes abortion.

A

true

155
Q

Feline Panleukopenia Virus: Effects

A

Cerebellar hypoplasia

Therio (3 decks)

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