Exam 2

Question 1

Correlated Groups Design

Answer 1

Repeated measures: Uses the same people

Matched Designs: use matched participants

Question 2

Single subject Design types

Answer 2

ABA Reversal

Multiple Baselines

Single-subject randomized, time-series

Question 3

Advantages to Correlated Group Design

Answer 3

Each person/pair is their own control

Saves time; Fewer participants needed

Question 4

Disadvantages to correlated group design

Answer 4

matching can be hard

Sequence effects

Question 5

Sequence effects reduced by…

Answer 5

Randomization of conditions
full counterbalancing
partial counterbalancing (latin squares)
hold variable constant (pre-training)
rest period

Question 6

How are single subject designs different from case studies?

Answer 6

A variable of interest is manipulated by the experimenter

measures changes in the individual/pair

Ex: Treatment of phobias

Question 7

Strengths of single subject design

Answer 7

internal validity is strong (confounds are controlled)

Question 8

Weaknesses of single subject design

Answer 8

external validity weak

only 1 individual so hard to generalize

Question 9

ABA reversal

Answer 9

Single subject design
A: baseline–not reading text
B: manipulation–reading text

Question 10

Multiple baseline

Answer 10

Single subject design
IV: teacher attention to problem student
DV: disruptive behavior, reading scores, math scores

Question 11

Single Subject-randomized-time-series

Answer 11

Behavior is monitored at each point, but what time the treatment is introduced is selective randomly

Question 12

Assumptions of an ANOVA

Answer 12

Populations are normally distributed

Populations have equal variances

Question 13

ANOVA’s compared to T-test

Answer 13

you use an ANOVA when there are more that 2 group means to compare

Question 14

ANOVA compared to Regression

Answer 14

Regression is a more general form of ANOVA

Question 15

ANOVA Null hypothesis

Answer 15

H0: U1 =U2=U3

Question 16

ANOVA Research hypothesis

Answer 16

At least two population means differ (largest from the smallest)

Question 17

Are there directional ANOVA hypotheses?

Answer 17

NO, can only tell us whether there is a significant difference between the largest and smallest mean

Question 18

Planned Multiple comparison tests (a priori)

Answer 18

Bonferroni, Fisher’s LSD

Question 19

Unplanned Multiple comparison tests (post hoc)

Answer 19

Tukey’s, Scheffe

Question 20

Bonferroni, Fisher’s LSD (least significant difference)

Answer 20

(a prior)i idea about which means differ, easier to get sig. results

Question 21

Tukey’s, Scheffe

Answer 21

harder to get sig because not planned; alpha cut by however many comparisons you’re doing

Question 22

R^2

Answer 22

Proportion of variance explained

Question 23

R^2 sizes

Answer 23

Small=.01
Medium=.06
Large=.14