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Toxicology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Strychnine: Tk

A

rapidly absorbed in GI, low PP binding, crosses BBB, enterohepatic recerculation

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2
Q

Strychnine: MoA

A

blocks post-synaptic inhibatory receptors

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3
Q

Strychnine: Signs

A

rapid onset, panting, vomiting, mydriasis, stiffness, hyperthermia, progresses to tonic seizures with stimulus

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4
Q

Strychnine: Dx

A

ID it, history, signs

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5
Q

Strychnine: Tx

A

decontaminate, supportive (avoid opioids, ketamine)

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6
Q

Zinc Phosphide: Properties

A

decomposes w/in 2wks, liberates toxic gas when exposed to acidic environment

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7
Q

Zinc Phosphide: Tk

A

corrosive, phosphine gas excreted in lungs

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8
Q

Zinc Phosphide: MoA

A

unkown

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9
Q

Zinc Phosphide: Signs

A

rapid onset, anorexia, v/d +/- blood, weakness, ab pain,

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10
Q

Zinc Phosphide: Dx

A

ID it, history, signs

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11
Q

Zinc Phosphide: Tx

A

decontaminate (good ventilation), supportive

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12
Q

Fluoroacetate: Tk

A

Readily absorbed by ingestion, inhalation, or through open wounds, distribution throughout body, toxic metabolites

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13
Q

Fluoroacetate: MoA

A

disrupts kreb’s cycle

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14
Q

Fluoroacetate: Signs - Dogs

A

v/d, CNS stimulation

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15
Q

Fluoroacetate: Signs - Large Animal

A

heart failure, arrhythmias

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16
Q

Fluoroacetate: Dx

A

ID it, history, signs

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17
Q

Fluoroacetate: Tx

A

acetate donors, supportive

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18
Q

Strychnine: Function

A

Rodenticide

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19
Q

Zinc Phosphide: Function

A

Rodenticide

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20
Q

Fluoroacetate: Function

A

Rodenticide

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21
Q

FA Phenoxy Derivatives: Function

A

herbicide

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22
Q

FA Phenoxy Derivatives: Tk

A

readily absorbed by ingestion or inhalation, distributed throughout body, crossed BBB

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23
Q

FA Phenoxy Derivatives: MoA

A

uncouple oxidative phosphorilation

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24
Q

FA Phenoxy Derivatives: Signs

A

anorexia, rumen atony, bloat, diarrhea, weakness

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25
Q

FA Phenoxy Derivatives: Dx

A

ID it, history, signs

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26
Q

FA Phenoxy Derivatives: Tx

A

detox, supportive

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27
Q

Dipyridyl: Function

A

herbacides (paraquat, diquat)

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28
Q

Dipyridyl: Properties

A

rapidly inactivated by light, soil, and alkalin, water soluble

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29
Q

Dipyridyl: Tk

A

poorly absorbed in GI, concentrates in lung

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30
Q

Dipyridyl: MoA

A

membrane damage, production of free radicals

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31
Q

Dipyridyl: Signs

A

Early - vomiting, anorexia, depression, ataxia

Delayed - tachypnea, dyspnea, harsh lung sounds

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32
Q

Dipyridyl: Dx

A

ID it, radiography (lung changes), history, signs

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33
Q

Dipyridyl: Tx

A

detox, supportive (no O2), antioxidants

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34
Q

Pentachlorophenol: Function

A

fungicidal (wood treatment)

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35
Q

Pentachlorophenol: Properties

A

lipid soluble, volatile

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36
Q

Pentachlorophenol: Tk

A

readily absorbed by ingestion, inhalation, and skin, distributed throughout body

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37
Q

Pentachlorophenol: MoA

A

uncouples oxidative phosphorylation

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38
Q

Pentachlorophenol: Signs

A

Acute - hyperthermia, tachycardia, dyspnea, cyanosis, seizure
Chronic - wt. loss, dec. milk production, anemia, fetal malformations

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39
Q

Pentachlorophenol: Dx

A

ID it, history, signs

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40
Q

Pentachlorophenol: Tx

A

detox, supportive

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41
Q

Nonprotein Nitrogen: Function

A

Feed additive (urea)

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42
Q

Nonprotein Nitrogen: Tk

A

metabolizes to ammonia

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43
Q

Nonprotein Nitrogen: MoA

A

ammonia is toxicant, inhibits Citric Acid cycle

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44
Q

Nonprotein Nitrogen: Signs

A

restlessness, aggression, muscle tremors, salivation, colic, bloat, rumen stasis, ammonia odor

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45
Q

Nonprotein Nitrogen: Dx

A

ID it, history, signs

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46
Q

Nonprotein Nitrogen: Tx

A

detox, symptomatic

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47
Q

Ionophore: Function

A

feed additive, growth promoter, anticoccidial

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48
Q

Ionophore: Tk

A

ruminants absorb 50%, monogastrics absorb 100%, distributed throughout the body

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49
Q

Ionophore: MoA

A

disrupts electrochemical gradients

50
Q

Ionophore: Signs

A

anorexia, ataxia, depression,

51
Q

Ionophore: Dx

A

ID it, inc. CPK, AST, LDH, ALP, PCV; dec. CA, K; history, signs

52
Q

Ionophore: Tx

A

detox, symptomatic

53
Q

Na: Cause

A

lack of access to water, excess salt intake

54
Q

Na: Tk

A

rapidly absorbed in GI, distributed throughout body, crosses BBB

55
Q

Na: MoA

A

inhibits anaerobic glycolysis, pulls water to it causing edema

56
Q

Na: Signs

A

vomiting, PD, metabolic acidosis, seizures

57
Q

Na: Dx

A

excess serum/CSF levels, history, signs

58
Q

Na: Tx

A

small amounts of fresh water gradually, all at once => cerebral edema

59
Q

Inorganic Arsenic: Function

A

Heavy metal, wood preservative, -icides

60
Q

Inorganic Arsenic: Tk

A

absorbed by ingestion, inhalation, and skin, distributed throughout body, concentrates in liver, kidney, hair, and nail

61
Q

Inorganic Arsenic: MoA

A

binds to lipoic acid => disrupts glycolysis and citric acid cycle

62
Q

Inorganic Arsenic: Signs

A

rapid onset, colic, ataxia, salivation, v/d +/- blood

63
Q

Inorganic Arsenic: Dx

A

ID it (urine), inc. PCV, BUN; history, signs

64
Q

Inorganic Arsenic: Tx

A

supportive, detox - Chelation (Succimer)

65
Q

Organic Arsenic: Function

A

Heavy metal, feed additive for wt gain

66
Q

Organic Arsenic: Tk

A

poorly absorbed in GI, distributed throughout the body, excreted unchanged in urine

67
Q

Organic Arsenic: MoA

A

peripheral nerve demyelination and axonal damage

68
Q

Organic Arsenic: Signs

A

Swine - ataxia, poss. blindness, but good appetite

Chicken - anorexia, depression

69
Q

Organic Arsenic: Dx

A

ID it (feed), history, signs

70
Q

Organic Arsenic: Tx

A

supportive, decontaminate

71
Q

Copper: Function

A

heavy metal, feed additive

72
Q

Copper: Tk

A

absorbed in the GI, stored in liver

73
Q

Copper: MoA

A

accumulation => liver necrosis

74
Q

Copper: Signs

A

sudden onset, weakness, anorexia, pale mm, icterus, hemoglobinuria

75
Q

Copper: Dx

A

ID it (blood), history, signs

76
Q

Copper: Tx

A

molybdenum

77
Q

Molybdenum: Function

A

heavy metal, accumulates in plants

78
Q

Molybdenum: Tk

A

absorbed in GI, excreted at toxic levels in milk

79
Q

Molybdenum: MoA

A

Cu deficiency

80
Q

Molybdenum: Signs

A

greenish diarrhea, rough coat, depigmentation

81
Q

Molybdenum: Dx

A

ID it (blood), history, signs

82
Q

Molybdenum: Tx

A

copper

83
Q

Selenium: Function

A

heavy metal, feed additive

84
Q

Selenium: Tk

A

readily absorbed in SI, distributed throughout body, accumulated in hair and hoof

85
Q

Selenium: MoA

A

replaces sulfur in amino acids

86
Q

Selenium: Signs - Acute

A

colic, bloat, watery diarrhea, dyspnea, crackles, bloody froth

87
Q

Selenium: Signs - Subacute

A

“blind staggers”
Stage 1 - anorexia, aimless wandering
Stage 2 - depression, ataxia
Stage 3 - colic hypothermia, paresis, blind

88
Q

Selenium: Signs - Chronic

A

rough coat, loss of tail hair, hoof deformities

89
Q

Selenium: Dx

A

ID it (blood, hair), history, signs

90
Q

Selenium: Tx

A

detox, supportive

91
Q

Lead: Function

A

Heavy metal, paint

92
Q

Lead: Properties

A

not degraded in environment, poorly metabolized, dissolves in acid

93
Q

Lead: Tk

A

binds to RBC membrane, distributed throughout body, crosses BBB, concentrates in bone

94
Q

Lead: MoA

A

interferes with biochemical processes

95
Q

Lead: Signs

A

anorexia, v/d, rumen atony, anxiety, seizures, anemia

96
Q

Lead: Dx

A

ID it (urine, blood), inc. RBC, fluorescent plasma, history, signs, radiographs

97
Q

Lead: Tx

A

supportive, detox - chelation (EDTA, succimer)

98
Q

Zinc: Function

A

heavy metal, pennies, lotions

99
Q

Zinc: MoA

A

damages RBC

100
Q

Zinc: Signs

A

v/d, anorexia, abdominal pain, hemolytic anemia

101
Q

Zinc: Dx

A

ID it (serum), history, signs, radiographs

102
Q

Zinc: Tx

A

decontaminate, supportive

103
Q

Iron: Function

A

heavy metal, supplements

104
Q

Iron: Tk

A

binds to transferrin, distributed throughout the body

105
Q

Iron: MoA

A

generates free radicals => membrane damage

106
Q

Iron: Signs

A 
Stage 1 (0-6hrs) - v/d +/- blood
Stage 2 (6-24hrs)- apparent recovery
Stage 3 (12-96hrs) - v/d +/- blood, acidosis, coagulopathy, hepatic failure, cardo collapse
Stage 4 (2-6wks) - poss. GI fibrosis => obstruction
107
Q

Iron: Dx

A

ID it (serum), history, signs

108
Q

Iron: Tx

A

decontaminate, supportive

109
Q

Ethylene Glycol: Function

A

Household, antifreeze

110
Q

Ethylene Glycol: Tk

A

rapidly absorbed in GI and distributed throughout the body, crosses BBB, lethal synthesis

111
Q

Ethylene Glycol: MoA

A

metabolic acidosis, renal failure

112
Q

Ethylene Glycol: Signs

A

vomiting, anorexia, depression, ataxia, PU/PD, oliguric renal failure, Ca oxalate (monohydrate) crystals

113
Q

Ethylene Glycol: Dx

A

ID it (blood), history, signs

114
Q

Ethylene Glycol: Tx

A

detox, alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors, supportive

115
Q

Propylene Glycol: Function

A

household, “safe” antifreeze

116
Q

Propylene Glycol: Tk

A

rapidly absorbed by ingestion and inhalation

117
Q

Propylene Glycol: MoA

A

osmotic diuresis

118
Q

Propylene Glycol: Signs

A

ataxia, depression, m. acidosis, inc. anion gap

119
Q

Propylene Glycol: Dx

A

history, signs

120
Q

Propylene Glycol: Tx

A

detox, supportive

Toxicology (3 decks)

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