Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Toxicology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Chronicity Factor: Definition

A

ratio between acute LD50 and chronic LD50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chronicity Factor:

A

toxicant isn’t cumulative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chronicity Factor: > 2

A

toxicant is cumulative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Highest Non-Toxic Dose (HNTD): Definition

A

highest dose possible w/o undesirable alterations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

% -> g/100ml

A

1% = 1g/100ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ppm -> mg/kg

A

1ppm = 1mg/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ppm -> %

A

1 ppm = 0.0001%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ppm -> mg/dL

A

1ppm = 0.1mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ppm -> g/ton

A

1.1ppm = 1g/ton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dilution Equation

A

% required/ % of stock x V required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Toxicity Equation

A

ppm in feed x % of BW eaten daily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What agency performs safety testing?

A

Environmental Protection Agency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Toxicology Dx: Criteria

A

history, signs, postmortem finding, lab findings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Toxicology Dx: History

A

O info, mode of exposure, examine food/water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Toxicology Dx: Clinical Signs

A

signs, PE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Toxicology Dx: Postmortem Findings

A

gross and microscopic examination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Toxicology Dx: Lab Findings

A

clin path tests, chem analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Toxicosis: Treatment

A

symptomatic until toxin is out of the system/removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Toxicosis: Removal Methods

A

remove source, remove from site of absorption (wash, v/d), dec. absorption (precipitation, adsorption)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Organophosphate: Purpose

A

Insecticide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Organophosphates: Properties

A

bioactivated (lethal synthesis), degrades in 2-4wks in environment, storage activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Organophosphates: Toxicokinetics

A

lipophilic - absorbed by GI, skin, mm, and inhalation

distributed throughout the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Organophosphates: MoA

A

irreversible inhibition of cholinesterases => muscarinic activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Organophosphates: Signs

A 
Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Bronchoconstriciton
Bradychardia
Emesis
Lacrimation
Salivation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Organophosphates: Dx

A

direct detection, atropine response test (strong response = not OP), history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Organophosphates: Treatment

A

decontaminate, supportive, atropine, 2-PAM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Carbamates: Purpose

A

Insecticide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Carbamates: MoA

A

reversible ACh inhibitor => muscarinic activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Carbamates: Signs

A 
Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Bronchoconstriciton
Bradycardia
Emesis
Lacrimation
Salivation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Carbamates: Tx

A

supportive, atropine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Organochlorines: Purpose

A

insecticide (DDT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Organochlorines: Properties

A

highly lipophilic, 2-15 year environment half-life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Organochlorines: Tk

A

readily absorbed, well distributed, poss. lethal synthesis, enterohepatic recycling, redistributes to fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Organochlorines: MoA

A

slow Na influx and K efflux => repetitive firing of neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Organochlorines: Signs

A

CNS stimulation, ataxia, seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Organochlorines: Dx

A

ID toxin, history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Organochlorines: Tx

A

decontaminate, symptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Pyrethrins: Purpose

A

insecticide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Pyrethrins: Properties

A

unstable in air and light, very toxic to fish and birds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Pyrethrins: Tk

A

lipophilic, metabolized in GI, plasma, and liver, works better at lower temp.

41
Q

Pyrethrins: MoA

A

delay closure of Na ion channels => paralysis

42
Q

Pyrethrins: Signs

A

muscle tremors, depression, ataxia, v/d, dyspnea, hyperexcitablility

43
Q

Pyrethrins: Dx

A

history, signs

44
Q

Pyrethrins: Tx

A

decontaminate, keep warm, symptomatic

45
Q

Rotenone: Purpose

A

insecticide

46
Q

Rotenone: Properties

A

toxic to fish

47
Q

Rotenone: Tk

A

inhalation is more toxic than ingestion, eliminated in feces w/in 24hrs

48
Q

Rotenone: MoA

A

blocks oxidative phosphorilation => anesthetic like effects

49
Q

Rotenone: Signs

A

irritation, depression, seizures, asphyxia

50
Q

Rotenone: Dx

A

lab (hypoglycemia, liver changes, hypoxemia), history

51
Q

Rotenone: Tx

A

decontaminate, symptomatic

52
Q

Nicotine: Purpose

A

Insecticide (tobaco)

53
Q

Nicotine: Tk

A

absorbed well through inhalation and skin, well distributed, alk. stomach inc. absorption, poss. enterohepatic recycling

54
Q

Nicotine: MoA

A

nicotinic receptor agonist

55
Q

Nicotine: Signs

A

Early - ataxia, hypersalivation, vomiting, bradycardia, tremors;
Later - CNS depression; odor

56
Q

Nicotine: Dx

A

ID toxin, history

57
Q

Nicotine: Tx

A

decontaminate (w/o alkalizing stomach/urine), enhance excretion, atropine, symptomatic

58
Q

Amitraz: Purpose

A

Insecticide

59
Q

Amitraz: MoA

A

a-2 agonist

60
Q

Amitraz: Tk

A

readily absorbed orally, inhaled, or skin, 24hr elimination half-life, distributed throughout body

61
Q

Amitraz: Signs

A

transient sedation (24-72hrs), vomiting

62
Q

Amitraz: Dx

A

ID toxin, history, signs

63
Q

Amitraz: Tx

A

yohimbine, atipamezole, decontaminate

64
Q

DEET: Purpose

A

Insecticide (OFF, Cutter)

65
Q

DEET: Tk

A

can persist in skin

66
Q

DEET: Signs

A

Small Mammals - depression ataxia, tremors, seizures;

Dogs/cats - hypersalivation, vomiting, tremors, ataxia

67
Q

DEET: Dx

A

ID toxin, history, signs

68
Q

DEET: Tx

A

decontaminate, symptomatic

69
Q

Naphthalene: Purpose

A

insecticide (mothballs

70
Q

Naphthalene: Tk

A

absorbed by ingestion, inhalation, or through skin

71
Q

Naphthalene: MoA

A

oxidation => methemoglobinemia

72
Q

Naphthalene: Signs

A

odor, salivation, v/d, hemolysis, methemoglobinemia (brown mm), secondary hepatic and renal damage

73
Q

Naphthalene: Dx

A

hematologic changes, history, signs

74
Q

Naphthalene: Tx

A

ascorbic acid (Vit C), decontaminate, symptomatic

75
Q

Ivermectin: Purpose

A

insecticide (dewormer)

76
Q

Ivermectin: Tk

A

well absorbed orally, well distributed but CNS (except ABCB-1 mutation), excreted unchanged in feces, 2d elimination half-life

77
Q

Ivermectin: MoA

A

GABA agonist

78
Q

Ivermectin: Signs

A

CNS depression, sedation

79
Q

Ivermectin: Dx

A

ID toxin, history, signs

80
Q

Ivermectin: Tx

A

decontaminate, symptomatic

81
Q

Anticoagulant Rodenticides: Properties

A

odorless, tasteless, wks for environmental breakdown, slow onset

82
Q

Anticoagulant Rodenticides: Tk

A

complete absorption, PP bound

83
Q

Anticoagulant Rodenticides: MoA

A

inhibit Vit. K conversion

84
Q

Anticoagulant Rodenticides: Signs

A

1-5d post exposure, hemorrhage (and associated secondary signs)

85
Q

Anticoagulant Rodenticides: Dx

A

hemorrhage lesions, ID toxin, history, signs, blood work (CBC, coag)

86
Q

Anticoagulant Rodenticides: Tx

A

Vit. K1 orally

87
Q

Cholecalciferol: Purpose

A

rodenticide (quintox, rampage, Vit D cream)

88
Q

Cholecalciferol: Properties

A

Vit D3, lipophilic

89
Q

Cholecalciferol: Tk

A

absorbed in GI, PP bound, enterohepatic cirulation

90
Q

Cholecalciferol: MoA

A

causes hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia

91
Q

Cholecalciferol: Signs

A

24-36hr post exposure, anorexia, PU/PD, arrhythmias, hypertension, hemorrhagic GI, mineralized soft tissue

92
Q

Cholecalciferol: Dx

A

inc. Ca, P, Vit D; dec. PTH, eliminate differentials, hisotry, signs

93
Q

Cholecalciferol: Tx

A

decontaminate, symptomatic, hypercalcemia

94
Q

Bromethalin: Purpose

A

Rodenticide

95
Q

Bromethalin: Tk

A

highly lipophilic, rapidly absorbed orally, widely distributed, 5-6d elimination half-life, enterohepatic recycling

96
Q

Bromethalin: MoA

A

uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation => depletion of ATP

97
Q

Bromethalin: Signs

A

Acute (2-24hrs) - CNS excitation, death

Subacute (2-3d) - hind limb ataxia, progress to UMN signs, CNS depression

98
Q

Bromethalin: Dx

A

cerebral edema, ID toxin, history, signs

99
Q

Bromehtalin: Tx

A

decontamination (activated charcoal w/ sorbitol, symptomatic

Toxicology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions