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OS 201 [2019 exams] > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q 
1.	Which of the following enzymes or cofactors does not participate in redox reactions in living organisms?
A.	Dehydrogenase
B.	Oxidase
C.	Kinase
D.	Oxygenase
E.	Cytochrome
A

C. Kinase

A kinase is a transferase (enzyme which transfers one functional group to another) of phosphate groups. No redox reaction (change in the oxidation state of the substrate) happens since the reactant’s amino or hydroxyl group is exchanged for the phosphate group.

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2
Q 
Which of the following reactions results from the flow of protons down a proton gradient?
A.	ADP + Pi -> ATP + H2O
B.	Glycolysis
C.	Gluconeogenesis
D.	Amino Acids  Protein
E.	Glucose + Fructose  Sucrose
A

A. ADP + Pi -> ATP + H2O

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3
Q 
Which of the following is amphibolic?
A.	Electron transport chain
B.	Gluconeogenesis
C.	Glycolysis
D.	Citric Acid Cycle
A

D. Citric Acid Cycle

The term amphibolic is used to describe a biochemical pathway that involves both catabolism and anabolism. This term was proposed by B.Davis in 1961 to emphasise the dual metabolic role of such pathway. The citric acid cycle (The Krebs Cycle) is a good example of amphibolic pathway.

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4
Q

Catabolism : Anabolism :: ____ : ____
A. Exergonic; Endergonic
B. Work; Energy
C. Entropy; Enthalpy

A

A. Exergonic; Endergonic

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5
Q 
The step involved in the isomerization of an aldose to a ketose:
A.	Phosphorylation of glucose
B.	Conversion of G6P to F6P
C.	Dehydrogenation of G3P
D.	Formation of Phosphate
A

B. Conversion of G6P to F6P

Glycolysis Intermediate | Compound Type
Glucose | Aldehyde
Glucose-6-Phosphate | Aldehyde
Fructose-6-Phosphate | Ketone
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate | Ketone
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate | Ketone
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate | Aldehyde
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate | Carboxylic Acid
3-phosphoglycerate | Carboxylic Acid
2-phosphoglycerate | Carboxylic Acid
Phosphoenolpyruvate | Carboxylic Acid
Pyruvate | Carboxylic Acid

Choice A: Glucose -> Glucose-6-phosphate
Choice B: Glucose-6-phosphate -> Fructose-6-Phosphate
Choice C: Specifically refers to glyceraldehyde-3-phospate -> 3-phosphoglycerate (carboxylic acid) but the same enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
Choice D: The reactant was not mentioned, so we cannot determine what kind of compound it is.

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6
Q 
Substrate level phosphorylation
A.	Glucose -> G6P
B.	G6P -> F6P
C.	Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate -> 1,3-bisphosphate
D.	Phosphoenol Pyruvate -> Pyruvate
A

D. Phosphoenol Pyruvate -> Pyruvate ?

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7
Q

Which of the following inhibitors of glycolysis will cause the greatest loss in energy yield?

a. 2-Deoxyglucose
b. Sulfhydryl Reagents
c. Fluoride
d. Arsenate

A

d. Arsenate

Arsenate- looks like Pi; able to substitute for Pi in enz-catalyzed rxns; glycolysis continues unabated but net ATP synthesis does not occur

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8
Q

Which statement about gluconeogenesis is not true?

a. The rate limiting step is the provision of carbon skeleton by muscle amino acids
b. Propinoyl-CoA is a minor source of substrates
c. G6P & Pyruvate Carboxylase can only be found in gluconeogenesis
d. Acetyl-CoA is the major source of carbon skeletons for gluconeogenesis

A

d. Acetyl-CoA is the major source of carbon skeletons for gluconeogenesis

Propionyl CoA can serve as a minor precursor for gluconeogenesis

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9
Q

Which apolipoprotein is involved in the transfer of cholesterol esters in reverse cholesterol transport?

a. Apo A1
b. Apo A2
c. Apo C1
d. Apo C2

A

a. Apo A1

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10
Q

Which of the following does not increase fatty acid synthesis?

a. Increased CHO consumption
b. Increased fat consumption
c. Increased ethanol consumption
d. High Glucagon level

A

d. High Glucagon level

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11
Q

What is the most common form of bile salt?

a. Cholic Acid
b. Chenodeoxycholic Acid
c. Deoxycholic Acid
d. Lithocholic Acid

A

Cholanoic acid?

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12
Q

Which of the following is not directly converted to Pyr or TCA molecules?

a. Asp
b. Glu
c. Val
d. Ala

A

c. Val

Note the keyword here is directly. All of these molecules are glucogenic (converted to pyruvate or TCA intermediates) but only valine needs more than one reaction to become the TCA product Succinyl-CoA

The rest (Asp, Glu, Ala) are directly (through only one reaction) converted to pyruvate/TCA intermediates through deamination.

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13
Q

What is the classification of the amino acid that yields only Acetoacetyl CoA/Acetyl CoA during the catabolism of its carbon skeleton?

a. Glycogenic
b. Ketogenic
c. Glycogenic and Ketogenic
d. Essential
e. Non-essential

A

b. Ketogenic

Glycogenic - if the carbon skeleton of the amino acid can be used to provide net synthesis of glucose.

Ketogenic - if no carbons from the amino acid can provide net synthesis of glucose, but instead yield acetoacetate and acetyl CoA (Leu, Lys)

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14
Q

Why is aspargine considered a semi-essential amino acid?

A
  • Sure ba itong tanong na ito? Non-essential kasi ang asparagine.

Anyway, the semi-essential amino acid Arginine may be synthesized in the body from Glutamate but the Arginine formed via this pathway is insufficient to meet requirements for growth, making it semi-essential.

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15
Q

Considering the interrelationship between the 3 carriers of 1 carbon group, which compound will accumulate in the absence of Vit B12?

a. N5-methyl TH4
b. Homocysteine
c. SAM
d. Methylcobalamine

A

b. Homocysteine

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16
Q

Phenylalanine deficiency manifests as neurological disorders. Which of the following neurotransmitters are affected in phenylalanine deficiency?

a. Norepinephrine
b. Epinephrine
c. Dopamine
d. AOTA

A

d. AOTA

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17
Q

Which of the following pairs of compounds is utilized to transport ammonia produced in muscles and other peripheral tissues to the liver?

a. Glutamate and Alanine
b. Alanine and Glutamine
c. Glutamate an Glutamine
d. Pyruvate and Urea

A

b. Alanine and Glutamine

Transport of Ammonia to the liver as Glutamine (from peripheral tissues) via Glucose alanine cycle (from muscle)

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18
Q 
What enzyme catalyzes the regulating step of fatty acid oxidation?
A.	Acyl CoA Synthetase
B.	Carmitine Acyltransferase I
C.	Carmitine Acylcarmitine Translocase
D.	Carmitine Acyltransferase II
A

B. Carmitine Acyltransferase I

Malonyl-CoA is a powerful inhibitor of the enzyme carnitine acyltransferase I, which starts the process of oxidation by transporting fatty acids into the mitochondrion

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19
Q

How many ATPs can be produced from the complete oxidation of Lauric acid (C=12)?

a) 68
b) 78
c) 88
d) 108

A

b) 78

After initial activation (-2 ATP), five beta-oxidations (5x4 ATP = +20 ATP) will change lauric acid into 6 acetyl-SCoA molecules (6x10 ATP = +60 ATP). The tota; energy yield is 78 ATP per lauric acid.

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20
Q

What is the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of cholesterol?

a. Synthesis of mevalonate
b. Mevalonate to isoprenes
c. Isoprenes to squalenes
d. Squalenes to Lanosterol

A

a. Synthesis of mevalonate

The rate-limiting step in the pathway to cholesterol (and
a major site of regulation) is the conversion of HMGCoA
to mevalonate (Fig. 21–34), the reaction catalyzed
by HMG-CoA reductase. (Lehninger)

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21
Q

Which intermediate initiates fatty acid synthesis?

a) Acetyl-CoA
b) Acetoacetyl CoA
c) HMG CoA
d) Malonyl CoA

A

d) Malonyl CoA

A three carbon intermediate, malonyl-CoA, initiates fatty acid synthesis

One enzyme regulated by AMPK is acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which produces malonyl-CoA, the first intermediate committed to fatty acid synthesis. Malonyl-CoA is a powerful inhibitor of the enzyme carnitine acyltransferase I, which starts the process of oxidation by transporting fatty acids into the mitochondrion. (Lehninger)

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22
Q

First reaction in fatty acid synthesis

a. Condensation
b. Dehydrogenation
c. Reduction
d. Dehydration

A

a. Condensation

Condensation - The first reaction in the formation
of a fatty acid chain is condensation of the activated
acetyl and malonyl groups to form acetoacetyl-ACP,
an acetoacetyl group bound to ACP through the phosphopantetheine OSH group.

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23
Q

Fatty acid has to be oxidized before they can be oxidized to yield energy. What is needed in order to activate the fatty acid?

a. Acetyl CoA
b. Coenzyme A
c. Carnitine
d. Acylcarnitine

A

b. Coenzyme A

Conversion of a fatty acid to a fatty
acyl–CoA. The conversion is catalyzed
by fatty acyl–CoA synthetase and
inorganic pyrophosphatase.

24
Q

What best describes allosteric modification?
A. Forms covalent bond with enzyme
B. H-bond between ligand and substrate
C. Ability to fit of substrate is altered
D. Ligand binds to allosteric site, preventing substrate to bind with enzyme

A

C. Ability to fit of substrate is altered

• Allosteric modification involves non-covalent interaction between allosteric modifier and the enzyme
• ONE modifier needs to interact with ONE enzyme.
• An enzyme can EITHER increase or decrease its activity after interaction with an allosteric modifier
- JQT, Metabolic Regulation SIM, Part 2, p. 8, sidebar

On A: The interaction is not covalent
On B: The interaction must involve the enzyme.
On D: The ligand may also allow better binding of substrate

25
Q

Which of the following statements about why we need to store energy is/are true?
A. Energy has to be stored because energy use and for availability are not constant
B. Energy has to be stored because human beings always eat food in excess with every meal
C. Energy has to be stored because cells will always want to store energy no matter what
D. A & C

A

A. Energy has to be stored because energy use and for availability are not constant

“Energy has to be stored because energy source as well as energy use is not constant (See Figure 1). In order to ensure that energy is always available whenever it is needed then provision for sufficient stores has to be made.”

- JQT, Metabolic Regulation SIM, Part 1, p. 2
26
Q

Which of the following best describes caloric homeostasis?
A. All energy flow metabolism that we do not use ends up being stored. (NOT SURE)
B. “Wasteful” reactions sometimes happen so that energy is available whenever we need it.
C. We store energy in the same proportion of the biomolecules that we eat in our diet.
D. In reality, only little energy is stored because food has become very abundant.

A

A. All energy flow metabolism that we do not use ends up being stored. ?

27
Q

Which best describes the energy form storage?

a. Most of the storage is fat because it is easy to transport.
b. Proteins are an ideal form because they easily pass through the membrane
c. Carbs are preferable if they were found more in nature

A

“However, fats are hydrophobic and are not readily transportable.”
- JQT, Metabolic Regulation SIM, Part 1, p. 3

I don’t think may correct answer dito since all choices are false.

28
Q

Which best describes glucose homeostasis?

a. Refers to conversion of glucose to glycogen in liver
b. Refers to metabolism of glucose in RBCs
c. Refers to the need to maintain blood glucose levels in the body
d. Refers to the role of glucose transporters in the cell.

A

C. Refers to the need to maintain blood glucose levels in the body

“Aside from energy availability, metabolic regulation also has to make glucose always available to the system for utilization by cells which are solely dependent upon this molecule.”

- JQT, Metabolic Regulation SIM, Part 1, p. 4

Homeostasis: a tendency towards a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by a physiological process.

29
Q

Rate limiting step (RLS)

a. RLS would normally have large product : substrate ratio
b. Reactions with a slow rate would be a possible RLS
c. A small free energy change helps it identify as a RLS
d. There is always one RLS per single pathway

A

b. Reactions with a slow rate would be a possible RLS

30
Q

Which of the following statements best describes covalent modification?

a. Noncovalent bond formed with substrate
b. Phosphate group is bound to the substrate which alters its ability to bind with enzymes
c. Ability of the substrate to fit in the enzyme catalytic site is altered
d. Phosphate group binds to substrate, preventing the substrate from binding with the enzyme

A

c. Ability of the substrate to fit in the enzyme catalytic site is altered

“Different chemical groups are involved, all of which are covalently attached by very specific enzymes to the enzyme being regulated.”

- JQT, Metabolic Regulation SIM, Part 2, p. 8
31
Q

Irreversible covalent modification in covalent modification of…

a. Hormone Sensitive Lipase
b. C
c. A
d. Pyruvate dehydrogenase

A 
“The following are examples where irreversible activation occurs by covalent modification of the enzyme. 
•	Activation of GIT enzymes. 
o	TRYPSINOGEN -> TRYPSIN
o	PEPSINOGEN -> PEPSIN
o	CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN -> CHYMOTRYPSIN
•	Activation of Blood Clotting Factors.
•	Activation of the Complement System.”
- JQT, Metabolic Regulation SIM, Part 2, p. 12-13
32
Q

Which of the following factors influence degradation of enzymes?

a. Enzymes catalyzing rate limiting steps have shorter half lives
b. Presence of substrates, cofactors, or coenzymes tend to prolong stability of enzymes
c. Large complex regulating enzymes tend to denature more
d. AOTA

A

d. AOTA

“Factors Affecting Degradation:
1. Function or role of enzyme. Rate-limiting enzymes have shorter half-lives.

2. Presence/absence of substrates, co-enzymes and metal co-factors. Substrates or effectors 
tend to enhance the stability of an enzyme.  3. Nature and conformation. Most misfolded, denatured or defective proteins are rapidly degraded. Spontaneous denaturation of an enzyme molecule occurs as result of its inherent instability. In addition, most of the enzymes with regulatory importance are large, complex and tend to be generally unstable, and easily degraded.”
- JQT, Metabolic Regulation SIM, Part 2, p. 15, box
33
Q

Which exhibits compartmentalization in the cell?

a. Fatty acid synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm and beta oxidation occurs in the mitochondria

A

“A classic example of metabolic compartmentation where the catabolic and anabolic portions of the pathways are segregated is beta-oxidation (degradation) of fatty acids which occurs in the mitochondria and lipogenesis and fatty acid synthesis which occurs in the cytosol.”

- JQT, Metabolic Regulation SIM, Part 2, p. 17
34
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the phosphorylation of glucose during glycolysis?

a. G6P is the product of the reaction
b. Hexokinase in hepatic cells, Glucokinase in non-hepatic cells catalyze the reaction
c. G6P crosses the cell membrane a lot easier making glycolysis a lot faster
d. AOTA

A

a. G6P is the product of the reaction

Why B is FALSE
“Hexokinase (in non-hepatic tissues) and glucokinase (in the liver) catalyze this reaction.”

  • JQT, Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism Hand-out, p 10

Why C is FALSE and why A is TRUE
“Once inside the cell, glucose is small enough to still allow diffusion back where it came from, especially as the glucose concentration starts to increase inside the cell. In order to prevent this, it is immediately phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate by the enzyme hexokinase (glucokinase in the liver). This effectively traps glucose inside the cell as glucose-6-phosphate is more highly polarized than glucose and is of significantly larger size.”

  • JQT, Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism Hand-out, p. 8
35
Q

Which of the following glucose transporters is stimulated by insulin?

a. GLUT1
b. GLUT2
c. GLUT3
d. GLUT4

A

d. GLUT4

“Only Glucose Transporter 4 found in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle is stimulated by Insulin.”
– JQT, Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism Hand-out, p. 7-8

36
Q

Which of the following statements comparing hexokinase and glucokinase is/are not true?

a. Hexokinase has a higher Km than glucokinase
b. For any given level of glucose, hexokinase will have a higher velocity than glucokinase.
c. Cells which contain hexokinase are able to phosphorylate more glucose at a given glucose level
d. NOTA

A

a. Hexokinase has a higher Km than glucokinase

“Glucokinase has a higher Km than hexokinase”
– JQT, Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism Hand-out, p. 10

B and C say the same thing, so both of them must be true. (unless dalawa yung sagot. )

The following figure from the Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism Hand-out shows why B and C are true:
(see graph) - JQT, Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism Hand-out, p. 10

37
Q

True of gluconeogenesis

a. Is reverse of glycolysis
b. All cells are capable of it
c. Some organs are exclusively dependent on glucose

A

c. Some organs are exclusively dependent on glucose

“Gluconeogenesis is not just a reversal of glycolysis.”
- JQT, Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism Hand-out, p. 15

“This enzyme [glucose-6-phosphatase, the last enzyme in gluconeogenesis] is found only in the liver and to a lesser extent in the renal cells.”
- JQT, Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism Hand-out, p 15.

“Examples of cells which are completely dependent on glucose are the erythrocytes and cells of the renal medulla.”
- JQT, Metabolic Regulation SIM, Part 1, p. 4
38
Q

Which of the following statements about Glucose-6-Phosphate is true?

a. G6P is an important transport molecule found in the cell membrane
b. G6P found in muscle helps to replenish blood glucose from muscle glycolysis
c. G6P makes it possible to reduce glucose from the cell into the blood
d. G6P undergoes allosteric modification by acetyl-CoA

A

c. G6P makes it possible to reduce glucose from the cell into the blood

Note: I assumed that the question was pertaining to glucose-6-phosphatase (the enzyme) and not glucose-6-phosphate as in the question.

Why B is FALSE: There is no G6P in the muscle.
“This enzyme [glucose-6-phosphatase, the last enzyme in gluconeogenesis] is found only in the liver and to a lesser extent in the renal cells.”
- JQT, Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism Hand-out, p. 15

39
Q

Which of the following statements about glycogen phosphorylase is true?

a. Phosphorylation activates it
b. Once it’s activated, ATP and glucose-6-phosphate can’t bind to it.
c. A & B

A

c. A & B

Glycogen phosphorylase is activated by covalent linkage of a phosphate prosthetic group.
- JQT, Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism Hand-out, p. 16

Glycogen Phosphorylase in muscle is subject to allosteric regulation by AMP, ATP, and G6P.

  • AMP(present significantly when ATP is depleted) activates Phosphorylase, promoting the relaxed conformation.
  • ATP & G6P, which both have binding sites that overlap that of AMP, inhibit Phosphorylase, promoting the tense (inhibited) conformation.

Thus glycogen breakdown is inhibited when ATP and G6P are plentiful.

  • phosphorylated (active) glycogen phosphorylase is less sensitive to allosteric modification.
    • JQT, Metabolic Regulation SIM, Part 2, p. 23
40
Q

Which is an example of amplification?

a. Effect of epinephrine on glycogen
b. Effect of Acetyl CoA on Pyruvate Kinase
c. Effect of ATP on phosphofructokinase
d. AOTA

A

a. Effect of epinephrine on glycogen

“This rather roundabout way of activating glycogen phosphorylase with a signal from glucagon or epinephrine is called amplification. With only small amounts of hormones, it is quite possible to amplify the signal by a progressive increase in the intervening steps so that ultimately a physiologically evident reaction could be elicited.”
- JQT, Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism Hand-out, p. 17

41
Q

What are considered in total energy expenditure?

a. Basal Metabolic Rate
b. Voluntary movements
c. Metabolic response to food
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

Basal Metabolic Rate, Voluntary movements, Metabolic response to food

42
Q

Which of the following statements describe/s why lignin and inulin are of no nutritional value to man?

a. They are not digested in the GIT of man.
b. They do not contain maltose which is the primary sugar utilized by man for energy.
c. When they are completely hydrolyzed, their monosaccharide units yield no energy.
d. They are fermented immediately by bacteria.

A

a. They are not digested in the GIT of man.

Lignins

  • primary non-carbohydrate component of fiber
  • three-dimensional polymer networks built of units of phenylpropane. it is the component of the tough woodlike portions of plants and seeds.
  • the strong bonding makes lignin very inert substance- not degraded by enzymes not by microflora
  • bran and other cereal products are the main sources of lignins
43
Q

Which of the following tools are inadequate in assessing your risk for CVD?

a. Waist-hip ratio
b. Fat fold test
c. Waist circumference
d. Weighing Scale

A

d. Weighing Scale

44
Q 
Toddler 
A.	Negative N Balance
B.	Positive N Balance
C.	N Equilibrium
D.	NOTA
A

B. Positive N Balance

Normally during periods of rapid growth such as infancy, childhood, adolescence, pregnancy and lacations

45
Q 
Marasmus 
A.	Negative N Balance
B.	Positive N Balance
C.	N Equilibrium
D.	NOTA
A

A. Negative N Balance

occurs in states of malnutrition
Marasmus - dry form (thin, desiccated), results from chronic deficiency of calories accompanied by deficiency of protein and non-protein nutrients
-it often follows severe illness or a period of frequent infections
-usually occurs in the first 2 years of life, though can occur at any age, particularly during famines.

46
Q 
Pregnant Woman
A.	Negative N Balance
B.	Positive N Balance
C.	N Equilibrium
D.	NOTA
A

B. Positive N Balance

Normally during periods of rapid growth such as infancy, childhood, adolescence, pregnancy and lacations

47
Q 
Healthy individual without exercise
A.	Negative N Balance
B.	Positive N Balance
C.	N Equilibrium
D.	NOTA
A

C. N Equilibrium

indicates healthy adults that are not significantly increasing their lean body mass through an exercise program

48
Q

A high-carbohydrate diet requires higher:

a. Thiamine
b. Riboflavin
c. Vitamin C
d. Niacin

A

a. Thiamine

Thiamin status can be assessed by measuring transketolase activity.
A carbohydrate-rich diet requires thiamin.
A small proportion of the thiamin in the body is present on the nervous system.
Deficiency may be caused by over-reliance on a single staple food (polished rice - more CHO but less thiamin) and alcohol intake.

49
Q

Atkins’ diet is a high protein diet. Proteins are degraded to amino acids and converted to pyruvate. What cofactor/coenzyme plays a role in this conversion?

a. NAD
b. Pyridoxal Phosphate
c. Pyridoxine
d. NADP

A

b. Pyridoxal Phosphate

Glycine is degraded via three pathways, only one
of which leads to pyruvate. Glycine is converted to serine
by enzymatic addition of a hydroxymethyl group
(Figs 18–19 and 18–20b). This reaction, catalyzed by
serine hydroxymethyl transferase, requires the
coenzymes tetrahydrofolate and pyridoxal phosphate.
The serine is converted to pyruvate as described above. (Lehninger)

50
Q

Vit K is necessary in blood clotting by producing…

a. γ – Carboxyglutamate
b. γ – Carboxylic acid
c. γ – Amino butyrate
d. γ - Carboxylysine

A

a. γ – Carboxyglutamate

Extra carboxyl groups may be added to Glu residues
of some proteins. For example, the blood-clotting protein
prothrombin contains a number of -carboxyglutamate
residues (Fig. 27–29b) in its amino-terminal region,
introduced by an enzyme that requires vitamin K.
These carboxyl groups bind Ca2, which is required to
initiate the clotting mechanism.

51
Q

Helps maintain connective tissue protein collagen and helps in Iron absorption

a. A
b. K
c. C
d. D
e. E

A

c. C

Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)
Cofactor: Ascorbate
Functions:
-antioxidant
-formation of collagen
-synthesis of carnitine
-synthesis of hormone and neurotransmitter (steroids, serotonin, catecholamines)
-facilitates utilization of iron, calcium, and folic acid
-immune function effector
52
Q

Increase in iron intake/day in pregnant women is due to

a. Increase in O2 consumption
b. Decrease in GI absorption of Fe2+
c. Increase in hemoglobin production
d. AOTA
e. A & C

A

e. A & C

53
Q

Which does not contribute to weigh gain in pregnancy?

a. Increase in BMR
b. Increase in glycogen synthesis
c. Increase in blood volume
d. Increase in body water and fat mass

A

a. Increase in BMR

54
Q

What happens in prolonged fasting in pregnant women?

a. Excess ketone bodies
b. Increased FA in blood
c. Increased insulin
d. A & B

A

d. A & B

55
Q

A pregnant woman decided to do a self-prescribed diet, with no rice, thinking that eating too much rice will make her fat. Which of the following best describes the effect of this diet?

a. Gluconeogenesis will be favored in the body.
b. There will be an increase in the concentration of urea in the urine
c. Lipoprotein Lipase will be induced due to blood glucose levels
d. AOTA
e. A & C

A

d. AOTA

56
Q

Which of the following hormone/s are increased during pregnancy?

a. Progesterone
b. Estrogen
c. Insulin
d. AOTA

A

d. AOTA

57
Q

Which of the following best describes why a woman should increase her overall protein intake during pregnancy?

a. This is to maintain nitrogen balance equilibrium during pregnancy.
b. There is higher demand of amino acids to sustain period of growth for both mother and child.
c. Higher protein intake increases nitrogenous waste which then increases calcium uptake
d. AOTA

A

b. There is higher demand of amino acids to sustain period of growth for both mother and child.

OS 201 [2019 exams] (5 decks)

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