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MLT 240 Micro > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

permanent association of two organisms that cant exist independently

A

symbosis

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2
Q

both organisms benefit

A

mutualism

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3
Q

one organism benefits and the other is unharmed

A

commensalism

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4
Q

paratsite that lives both a free living and a parasitic existence during their life cycles

A

facultative parasite

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5
Q

what do ecotoparasites cause?

A

infestations (fleas, live, ect OUTside)

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6
Q

what do endoparasites cause?

A

infections (worms, INside)

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7
Q

host in which the sexual stage of the life cycle occurs

A

definitive host

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8
Q

host in which the asexual stage of the life cycle occurs

A

intermediate host

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9
Q

animals other than man which harbor human parasites

A

reservoir host

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10
Q

what are the requirements for transmission of a parasitic infection?

A

source of infection
mode of transmission
presence of a susceptible host

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11
Q

what are the functions of ectoplasm of protozoan?

A

excretion
movement
obtaining food/phagocytize
protection

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12
Q

what are the functions of the endoplasm of protozoan?

A

reproduction

digestion

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13
Q

the protozoa sarcodina (amoeba) moves how?

A

psuedopods (extension of ectoplasm)

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14
Q

the protozoa ciliate moves how?

A

cilia

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15
Q

the protozoa mastigophora moves how?

A

flagella

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16
Q

are sporazora motile or nonmotile?

A

nonmotile

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17
Q

what is a trophozite?

A

actively reproducing motile feeding stage

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18
Q

what is a cyst?

A

inactive, nonmotile, nonfeeding state with protective cell wall

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19
Q

what is the most important parasitic amoeba?

A

entamoeba histolytica

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20
Q

where does the entamoeba histolytica live?

A

large intestine

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21
Q

describe the troph form of entamoeba histolytica

A

progressive directional movement
one nucleus with central karyosome
even-staining

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22
Q

describe the cyst form of entaomeba histolytica

A

up to 4 nuclei

cigar shaped chromotoidal bars

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23
Q

what makes entamoeba gingivalis different from entaoeba histolytica?

A

E. gingivalis lives in the mouth and has no cyst stage

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24
Q

where does entamoeba coli live

A

large intestine

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25
Q

where does Endolimax nana live?

A

large intestine

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26
Q

how is Endolimax recognized?

A

nuclear structure seen in both the troh and cyst stages

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27
Q

what does entamoeba hartmanii look like?

A

entamoeba histolytica only smaller

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28
Q

is entamoeba hartmanii a pathogen?

A

no

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29
Q

what nonpathogen looks exactly like Entamoeba histolytica?

A

Entamoeba Hartmanii

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30
Q

how is Iodamoeba btschlii most easly recognized?

A

in cyst form, the large glycogen body will stain golden brown with iodine

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31
Q

this parasitic amoeba can be a lsight intestinal pathogen and causes mild diarrhea

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

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32
Q

how is Dientamoeba fragilis characterized?

A

only amoeba with 2 nuclei in troph stage

no cyst stage

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33
Q

name the parasites without cyst stage

A

dientamoeba fragilis
entamoeba gingivalis
trichomonas vaginalis

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34
Q

what are the Charcot-Leyden crystals?

A
  • refractile long spicules produced when there is trama to the GI tract
  • indicative of intestinal parasites (entamoeba histolytica)
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35
Q

what are composed of the granules of ruputured eos?

A

charocot-Leyden crystals

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36
Q

amoeba that can cause a rapidly fatal for of meneingitis in patients who have gone swimming/diving in stagnant water

A

Naegleria fowlerii

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37
Q

how are Naegleria fowlerii best observed?

A

CSF in a hemocytometer

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38
Q

name the only prarsitic member of the ciliate class

A

Balantidium coli

39
Q

Balantidium coli is normally a parasite of what animal?

A

hogs

40
Q

describe troph stage of Balantidium coli

A

large organism with cilia
funnel shaped depression
kidney bean shaped macronucleus
smaller pear shaped micronuclus

41
Q

describe cyst stage of Balantidium coli

A

large more rounded lacks external cilia

42
Q

most important parasitic flagellate

A

giargia lamblia

43
Q

the unusual habitat of giardia lamblia?

A

doudenum

44
Q

describe the troph stage of giardia lamblia

A 
pear shaped
oval sucking disk
2 nuclei
rod-like axostyle and numerous flagella
falling leaf motility
45
Q

describe the cyst stage of giardia

A

oval up to 4 nuclei

46
Q

chilomastix is what kindof flagellate?

A

commensal

47
Q

describe the troph stage of chilomastix

A

lateral curve to its body

single nucleus and a cytosome

48
Q

describe the cyst stage of chilomastix

A

lemon-shaped

single nucleus and a cytosome

49
Q

what is the most common species of trichomonas?

A

trichomonas vagilis

50
Q

what is the largest species of trichomonas?

A

trichomonas vagilis

51
Q

where do trichomonas vagilis live?

A

urogenital system of both males and females

52
Q

describe the troph stage of trichomonas vagilis?

A

comparable in size to a seg

prominent undulating membrane

53
Q

describe the cyst stage of trichomonas vagilis?

A

no cyst stage

54
Q

how is trichomonas vagilis transmitted?

A

sexual contact

55
Q

problem associated with trichomonas vagilis?

A

sterility

56
Q

what speicmen is trichomonas vaginalis most often isolated?

A

urine

57
Q

“backbone” of cell, gives support

A

axostyle

58
Q

controls movement of flagella

A

blepharoplast

59
Q

cell “mouth” where particulate matter enters

A

cytostome

60
Q

directs particulate matter into cytostome

A

undulating membrane

61
Q

in what class is Isospora belli?

A

sporozoa

62
Q

what is another name for an organism found in the sporozoa class?

A

cocidian

63
Q

where does Isospora belli live?

A

intestine of man and other animals

64
Q

which form is also known as the donovan (or L-D) body

A

leishmanial form

65
Q

all leishmanial occur in man as?

A

intracellular inclusions in macrophages

66
Q

this organism also occurs in man as an intracellular inclusionin macrophages

A

typanosome cruzii

67
Q

what is the main invertabrate host of leishmania

A

sand flies

insect vectors

68
Q

what parasite causes west african sleeping sickness?

A

tryponosoma gambiense

69
Q

what parasite cause east african sleeping sickness?

A

trypanosome rhodesiense

70
Q

how is african sleeping sickness transmitted?

A

tsetse fly

71
Q

african sleeping sickness affects what?

A

CNS (chronic form)

72
Q

alternate name for trypanosoma gambiense

A

sleeping sickness (tsetse fly)

73
Q

alternate name for trypanosoma curzii

A

chagas disease (kissing bug)

74
Q

alternate name for Leishmania donovani

A

Kala-azar, visceral Leishmaniasis LD bodies (sand flies)

75
Q

alternate name for Leishmania braziliensis

A

Espundia (sand flies)

76
Q

alternate name for Leishmania tropica

A

oriental sore (sand flies)

77
Q

plasmodium vivax

A

prefers retics
RBCs enlarged
Shuffners granules

78
Q

plasmodium falciparum

A

applique forms and vrescent shape gametocytes
multiple infected cells
blackwater fever

79
Q

plasmodium ovale

A

cells are oval and fimbriated (irregular)

80
Q

plamsmodium malariae

A

rosette apperance of merzoites and band trophozites

81
Q

when is plasmodium motile?

A

when the microgametocytes undergo exflagellation

82
Q

in plasmodium falciparum infections, complications of malaria are due to what?

A

vascular obstruction caused by the “sticky” parasites in the capillary beds

83
Q

plasmodium falciparum malaries is called what and why?

A

black water fever

due to the severe hematuria that occurs

84
Q

what are some general symptoms of malaria?

A

fever, chills, headache, muscular aches, nausea

85
Q

what other protozoan can be confused with plasmodium falciparum?

A

babesia microti due to its appearance in a peripheral blood smear

86
Q

why are babesia microti and plasmodium falciparum easily confused?

A

falciparum appears in ring form babesia in maltese cross looking similar to ring form

87
Q

why much babesia microti and plasmodium falciparum be differentiated?

A

malarial drugs are toxic and are of no benfit in the treatment of infection due to Babesia

88
Q

how can toxoplasma gondii be contracted?

A

cat feces

89
Q

how can toxoplasma gondii be diagnosed?

A

serological techniques

sabin-feldman dye test

90
Q

wha is the causative agent of leading cause of death among AIDS patients?

A

pneumocystis carinii (pcp pneumonia)

91
Q

pneumocystis carinii is likely to infect

A

immunocompromised patients

92
Q

this intestinal sporooan can cause mild GI disturbances in man and other vertbrates

A

cryptosporidium which can not be killed by chlorination

93
Q

what is the best identification test for cryptosporidium?

A

acid fast stain on dried smears of a fecal specimen-oocysts of this organism are acid-fast

MLT 240 Micro (3 decks)

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