Exam 2

Question 1

permanent association of two organisms that cant exist independently

Answer 1

symbosis

Question 2

both organisms benefit

Answer 2

mutualism

Question 3

one organism benefits and the other is unharmed

Answer 3

commensalism

Question 4

paratsite that lives both a free living and a parasitic existence during their life cycles

Answer 4

facultative parasite

Question 5

what do ecotoparasites cause?

Answer 5

infestations (fleas, live, ect OUTside)

Question 6

what do endoparasites cause?

Answer 6

infections (worms, INside)

Question 7

host in which the sexual stage of the life cycle occurs

Answer 7

definitive host

Question 8

host in which the asexual stage of the life cycle occurs

Answer 8

intermediate host

Question 9

animals other than man which harbor human parasites

Answer 9

reservoir host

Question 10

what are the requirements for transmission of a parasitic infection?

Answer 10

source of infection
mode of transmission
presence of a susceptible host

Question 11

what are the functions of ectoplasm of protozoan?

Answer 11

excretion
movement
obtaining food/phagocytize
protection

Question 12

what are the functions of the endoplasm of protozoan?

Answer 12

reproduction

digestion

Question 13

the protozoa sarcodina (amoeba) moves how?

Answer 13

psuedopods (extension of ectoplasm)

Question 14

the protozoa ciliate moves how?

Answer 14

cilia

Question 15

the protozoa mastigophora moves how?

Answer 15

flagella

Question 16

are sporazora motile or nonmotile?

Answer 16

nonmotile

Question 17

what is a trophozite?

Answer 17

actively reproducing motile feeding stage

Question 18

what is a cyst?

Answer 18

inactive, nonmotile, nonfeeding state with protective cell wall

Question 19

what is the most important parasitic amoeba?

Answer 19

entamoeba histolytica

Question 20

where does the entamoeba histolytica live?

Answer 20

large intestine

Question 21

describe the troph form of entamoeba histolytica

Answer 21

progressive directional movement
one nucleus with central karyosome
even-staining

Question 22

describe the cyst form of entaomeba histolytica

Answer 22

up to 4 nuclei

cigar shaped chromotoidal bars

Question 23

what makes entamoeba gingivalis different from entaoeba histolytica?

Answer 23

E. gingivalis lives in the mouth and has no cyst stage

Question 24

where does entamoeba coli live

Answer 24

large intestine

Question 25

where does Endolimax nana live?

Answer 25

large intestine

Question 26

how is Endolimax recognized?

Answer 26

nuclear structure seen in both the troh and cyst stages

Question 27

what does entamoeba hartmanii look like?

Answer 27

entamoeba histolytica only smaller

Question 28

is entamoeba hartmanii a pathogen?

Answer 28

no

Question 29

what nonpathogen looks exactly like Entamoeba histolytica?

Answer 29

Entamoeba Hartmanii

Question 30

how is Iodamoeba btschlii most easly recognized?

Answer 30

in cyst form, the large glycogen body will stain golden brown with iodine

Question 31

this parasitic amoeba can be a lsight intestinal pathogen and causes mild diarrhea

Answer 31

Dientamoeba fragilis

Question 32

how is Dientamoeba fragilis characterized?

Answer 32

only amoeba with 2 nuclei in troph stage | no cyst stage

Question 33

name the parasites without cyst stage

Answer 33

dientamoeba fragilis entamoeba gingivalis trichomonas vaginalis

Question 34

what are the Charcot-Leyden crystals?

Answer 34

* refractile long spicules produced when there is trama to the GI tract * indicative of intestinal parasites (entamoeba histolytica)

Question 35

what are composed of the granules of ruputured eos?

Answer 35

charocot-Leyden crystals

Question 36

amoeba that can cause a rapidly fatal for of meneingitis in patients who have gone swimming/diving in stagnant water

Answer 36

Naegleria fowlerii

Question 37

how are Naegleria fowlerii best observed?

Answer 37

CSF in a hemocytometer

Question 38

name the only prarsitic member of the ciliate class

Answer 38

Balantidium coli

Question 39

Balantidium coli is normally a parasite of what animal?

Answer 39

hogs

Question 40

describe troph stage of Balantidium coli

Answer 40

large organism with cilia funnel shaped depression kidney bean shaped macronucleus smaller pear shaped micronuclus

Question 41

describe cyst stage of Balantidium coli

Answer 41

large more rounded lacks external cilia

Question 42

most important parasitic flagellate

Answer 42

giargia lamblia

Question 43

the unusual habitat of giardia lamblia?

Answer 43

doudenum

Question 44

describe the troph stage of giardia lamblia

Answer 44

``` pear shaped oval sucking disk 2 nuclei rod-like axostyle and numerous flagella falling leaf motility ```

Question 45

describe the cyst stage of giardia

Answer 45

oval up to 4 nuclei

Question 46

chilomastix is what kindof flagellate?

Answer 46

commensal

Question 47

describe the troph stage of chilomastix

Answer 47

lateral curve to its body | single nucleus and a cytosome

Question 48

describe the cyst stage of chilomastix

Answer 48

lemon-shaped | single nucleus and a cytosome

Question 49

what is the most common species of trichomonas?

Answer 49

trichomonas vagilis

Question 50

what is the largest species of trichomonas?

Answer 50

trichomonas vagilis

Question 51

where do trichomonas vagilis live?

Answer 51

urogenital system of both males and females

Question 52

describe the troph stage of trichomonas vagilis?

Answer 52

comparable in size to a seg | prominent undulating membrane

Question 53

describe the cyst stage of trichomonas vagilis?

Answer 53

no cyst stage

Question 54

how is trichomonas vagilis transmitted?

Answer 54

sexual contact

Question 55

problem associated with trichomonas vagilis?

Answer 55

sterility

Question 56

what speicmen is trichomonas vaginalis most often isolated?

Answer 56

urine

Question 57

"backbone" of cell, gives support

Answer 57

axostyle

Question 58

controls movement of flagella

Answer 58

blepharoplast

Question 59

cell "mouth" where particulate matter enters

Answer 59

cytostome

Question 60

directs particulate matter into cytostome

Answer 60

undulating membrane

Question 61

in what class is Isospora belli?

Answer 61

sporozoa

Question 62

what is another name for an organism found in the sporozoa class?

Answer 62

cocidian

Question 63

where does Isospora belli live?

Answer 63

intestine of man and other animals

Question 64

which form is also known as the donovan (or L-D) body

Answer 64

leishmanial form

Question 65

all leishmanial occur in man as?

Answer 65

intracellular inclusions in macrophages

Question 66

this organism also occurs in man as an intracellular inclusionin macrophages

Answer 66

typanosome cruzii

Question 67

what is the main invertabrate host of leishmania

Answer 67

sand flies | insect vectors

Question 68

what parasite causes west african sleeping sickness?

Answer 68

tryponosoma gambiense

Question 69

what parasite cause east african sleeping sickness?

Answer 69

trypanosome rhodesiense

Question 70

how is african sleeping sickness transmitted?

Answer 70

tsetse fly

Question 71

african sleeping sickness affects what?

Answer 71

CNS (chronic form)

Question 72

alternate name for trypanosoma gambiense

Answer 72

sleeping sickness (tsetse fly)

Question 73

alternate name for trypanosoma curzii

Answer 73

chagas disease (kissing bug)

Question 74

alternate name for Leishmania donovani

Answer 74

Kala-azar, visceral Leishmaniasis LD bodies (sand flies)

Question 75

alternate name for Leishmania braziliensis

Answer 75

Espundia (sand flies)

Question 76

alternate name for Leishmania tropica

Answer 76

oriental sore (sand flies)

Question 77

plasmodium vivax

Answer 77

prefers retics RBCs enlarged Shuffners granules

Question 78

plasmodium falciparum

Answer 78

applique forms and vrescent shape gametocytes multiple infected cells blackwater fever

Question 79

plasmodium ovale

Answer 79

cells are oval and fimbriated (irregular)

Question 80

plamsmodium malariae

Answer 80

rosette apperance of merzoites and band trophozites

Question 81

when is plasmodium motile?

Answer 81

when the microgametocytes undergo exflagellation

Question 82

in plasmodium falciparum infections, complications of malaria are due to what?

Answer 82

vascular obstruction caused by the "sticky" parasites in the capillary beds

Question 83

plasmodium falciparum malaries is called what and why?

Answer 83

black water fever | due to the severe hematuria that occurs

Question 84

what are some general symptoms of malaria?

Answer 84

fever, chills, headache, muscular aches, nausea

Question 85

what other protozoan can be confused with plasmodium falciparum?

Answer 85

babesia microti due to its appearance in a peripheral blood smear

Question 86

why are babesia microti and plasmodium falciparum easily confused?

Answer 86

falciparum appears in ring form babesia in maltese cross looking similar to ring form

Question 87

why much babesia microti and plasmodium falciparum be differentiated?

Answer 87

malarial drugs are toxic and are of no benfit in the treatment of infection due to Babesia

Question 88

how can toxoplasma gondii be contracted?

Answer 88

cat feces

Question 89

how can toxoplasma gondii be diagnosed?

Answer 89

serological techniques | sabin-feldman dye test

Question 90

wha is the causative agent of leading cause of death among AIDS patients?

Answer 90

pneumocystis carinii (pcp pneumonia)

Question 91

pneumocystis carinii is likely to infect

Answer 91

immunocompromised patients

Question 92

this intestinal sporooan can cause mild GI disturbances in man and other vertbrates

Answer 92

cryptosporidium which can not be killed by chlorination

Question 93

what is the best identification test for cryptosporidium?

Answer 93

acid fast stain on dried smears of a fecal specimen-oocysts of this organism are acid-fast