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MLT 240 Micro > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Are fungi classified as eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

eukaryotic

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2
Q

what is the structural element that comprises a fungus?

A

hypehae

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3
Q

which class of fungi has non-septate mycelium?

A

zygomycetes/phycomyctes

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4
Q

why are certai fungi classified as “fungi imperfecti”?

A

fungi that did not exhibt sexual reproduction.

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5
Q

mycelia that anchors fungus to substrate(grows below) produce digestive enzymes.

A

vegetative mycelia

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6
Q

mycelia that project above the surface and have spores

A

reproductive mycelia

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7
Q

to which class do most pathogenic fungi belong to?

A

saprophytic/saprotropic

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8
Q

are fungi aeroic or anaerobic?

A

aerobic

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9
Q

what is the best single medium for the primary isolation of fungi?

A

sabourauds dextrose agar

SAB/Sabs C

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10
Q

what is the purpose of corn meal agar?

A

nutritionally deprives the organism

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11
Q

how long should routine fungal cultures be held before being dicarded?

A

4 weeks

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12
Q

what 3 things does the mounting medium lactophenol cotton blue do?

A
  • preserve fungal structures
  • reduce contamination
  • stain the hyaline
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13
Q

when a systemicc mycosis has spread to various organs, what term is used to decribe it?

A

disseminated

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14
Q

what organism is best described as a thick-walled yeast cell with buds attached by a broad base?

A

blastomyces deratiditids

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15
Q

which systemic fungus is always a yeast?

A

crytococcus

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16
Q

how is histoplamosis aquired?

A

inhilation of spores

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17
Q

5 species of dipahsic fungi

A
  • blastomyces
  • histoplasma
  • paracoccidiodes
  • coccidoides
  • sporatrichosis
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18
Q

which systemic fungus produces thick-walled yeast cells with multiple buds in tissue?

A

paracoccidiodes braziliensis

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19
Q

which fungus can be observed as a non budding thick-walled sperule containing endospores in a direct smear from the body?

A

coccidiodes imitis

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20
Q

produces spiny, tuberculate macroconidia, intracellular, yeast-like cells with a large vaculoe in the cells for RE system?

A

histoplasma capsulatum

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21
Q

cryptococcosis is usually seen as a diease of which body system?

A

pulmonary

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22
Q

which systemic fungus is the most fastidious (difficult to grow) in the lab?

A

histoplasma capsulatum

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23
Q

which systemic fungus causes San Jacuain Valley Fever?

A

coccidiodes

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24
Q

which systemic fungus causes South American blastomycoses?

A

paracoccidiodes braziliensis

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25
Q

which stain is the best to use to demonstrate cryptococcus neoformans in CSF?

A

indian ink

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26
Q

systemic fungus endemic in Piedmont NC which produces primary pulmonary infection or primary skin infection

A

blastomyces

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27
Q

fungus that produces chains of arthrospores, confused with Geotrichum candidum?

A

coccidiodes imitis

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28
Q

macroscopic appearance of Sporothirix Scheneckii at 37 degrees

A

creamy, yeast colony

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29
Q

which species are dematiaceous fungi

A

philophora, fonseccaea, cladosporium

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30
Q

which species are not dematiaceous fungi

A

aspergillis
penicillium
candida

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31
Q

which subcutaneous infection produces yeast-like brown cells in clusters in the body?

A

chromomycosis

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32
Q

what is the most common cause of maduromycosis?

A

madura foot

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33
Q

what color are the granules that are frequently found in the pus of madura foot?

A

yellow to whitish

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34
Q

tear shaped conidia
rossettes at 25 degrees yeast cells at 37 degrees
disease common amoung gardeners “rose fever”

A

sporothrix schneckeii

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35
Q

species responsible for chromomcycosis

A
  • cladosporium
  • phialophora
  • fonsecaea
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36
Q

which organisms can cause mycetomas (fungal tumors)

A
  • actinomyces madurella

* petriellidieum

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37
Q

produces brown, branching septate hyphae

A

dematiatceous fungus

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38
Q

organisms that invade the keratinized areas of the body

A

dermatophytes

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39
Q

divice used as an aid to select hairs infected with ringworm

A

flourescent light

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40
Q

hair infection characterized by empty areas or tunnels where the hypae have degenerated visible throughout the entie length of the hair?

A

favic

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41
Q

best fungal media to culture the dermatophytes

A

Sabs C and mycosel

42
Q

what 3 genera of fungi all cause ringworm of the skin

A
  • microsporum
  • trichophyton
  • epidermophyton
43
Q

velvety white on the front and mahogany on the reverse

A

micropsorum audoinii

44
Q

most common cause of ringworm in dogs and cats
canary yellow
spindle shaped macroconidia

A

microsporum canis

45
Q

fungus most frequently isolate from human ringworm with

deep red reverse pigmentation

A

trichphyton rubrum

46
Q

stuctures frequently observed in trichophyton cultures

A
  • spirled/coiled hypae
  • nodular bodies
  • racket hyphae
47
Q

which dermatophyte does not infect nails

A

microsporum audouinii

48
Q

most common cause of epidemic scalp ringwormin American school children?

A

trichophyton tonsurans

49
Q

what fungus causes tinea versicolor?

A

pityrosporon furfur

50
Q

what fungus is the most common causative agent of tinea cruris?

A

epidemophyton

51
Q

what term is used to refer to ringworm of the skin?

A

tinea corporis

52
Q

what dermatphyte gives a positive in vitro hair test?

A

tirchophyton mentagrophytes

53
Q

which dermatophyte produces sterile, antler like hyphae referred to as favic chandiers and causes a severe type of ringworm of the scalp called favus?

A

trichophyton schoenlienii

54
Q

which dermatophyte does not invade hair and produces oval, smooth-walled club shaped macroconidia and no microconidia?

A

epidermophyton floccosum

55
Q

which dermatophyte is the most common cause of ringworm of cattle and requires both inositol and thiamine to grow

A

trichophyton verrucosum

56
Q

how is candida albicans identified

A

germ tube and chlamydospore agar

57
Q

most common and troublesome lab contaminant

A

aspergillis

58
Q

if an autopsy revealed systemic infection by fungus with broad branching non spetate hyphae which species of fungus could be a likely cause of death?

A

mucor/rhizopus

59
Q

which fungus commonly produces oval budding cells with pseudohyphae and will produce chlamydospores on cornmeal agar?

A

candida albicans

60
Q

brown gritty deposits in a sputum specimen are indicative of what genus?

A

aspergillus

61
Q

what clinical conditions can be caused by candida albicans?

A

oral infection, yeast infection (not ringworm)

62
Q

which species of opportunisticc fungi can be causative agents of eye infection?

A

curvularia
altenaria
fusarium

63
Q

which fungus is most frequently isolated in the clinical laboratory?

A

candida albicans

64
Q

which species of Rickettsia causes epidemic typhus?

A

prowazekii

65
Q

scrub typhus

A

tsutsugamuschi

66
Q

Q fever?

A

cosiella burnetti

67
Q

RMSF?

A

rikettsi

68
Q

Rickettsial pox?

A

akari

69
Q

how do rickettsia and chlamydia differ?

A

rickettsia require arthropod vectors and chlaydia do not

70
Q

what clinical conditions can be caused by chlamydia trachomatis?

A

most common cause of blindness inclusion conjunctivitis

71
Q

how is psittacosis spread to humans?

A

aersol inhalation

72
Q

how are rickettsial infections diagnosed in the lab

A

cell culture

73
Q

what causes the rash that is frequetly observed in rickettsial infections

A

invasion of endothelial cells of blood vessels

74
Q

what are the characteristics of viruses?

A
  • have DNA or RNA (not both)
  • do not respond to antibiotics
  • obligate intracellular parasite
75
Q

what term is used to refer to the viral nucleic acid core together with its protein coat

A

nuleocapsid

76
Q

what is the order of events in the process of viral infections?

A
  • absorption
  • penetration(viropexis)
  • replicate
  • assemble
  • release
77
Q

what is interferon?

A

prevents virus replication

78
Q

what virus produces an acute respiratory infection and is commonly found in increased incidence in military camps

A

adenovirus

79
Q

what virus is the causative agent of the common cold

A

rhinovirus

80
Q

which type of virus is referred to as “virus in search of a disease”?

A

Echo enteric

81
Q

Negri bodies are characteristic of which virus

A

rhabdovirus

82
Q

which virus causes chicke pox

A

varicella zoster

83
Q

with what clinical conditions is Epstein-Barr virus associted

A

burkitts lymphoma

infection mono

84
Q

which virus produces large, red intranuclear inclusions

A

CMV

85
Q

how is hep-A transmitted

A

fecal-oral

86
Q

Herpes-Zoster occurs in patients who have a history of what other viral infection

A

chicken pox

87
Q

what are the charateristics of Hep-B

A
  • transmitted by blood

* drug addicts

88
Q

how many serio types of polio are there?

A

3

89
Q

which vaccines have been developed against polio

A

salk vaccine, sabin vaccine

90
Q

which virus has been associated with cancer of the cervix and causes genital lesions in humans

A

HSV herpes simplex 2

91
Q

The _______ test is a serological test used in the identification of Rickettsia that employs 3 antigens of the bacteria ______ that cross-react with rickettsial antigens.

A

Weil-Felix

Proteus vulgaris

92
Q

which virus is associated with severe congenital abnormalities in the fetus if the mother becomes infected during her first trimester

A

rubella (german measles)

93
Q

causes upper respirator tract infection in infants and young childen

A

RSV

94
Q

what group of viruses does HIV belong to

A

retroviruses

95
Q

viruses capable of converting RNA to DNA

A

reverse transpcriptase

96
Q

2 disease processes that are common in HIV patients

A

CMV

PCP pneumonia

97
Q

vector of rickettsia riketsii

A

tick

98
Q

vector of rickettsia ackari

A

mite

99
Q

vector of rickettsia proweszki

A

body lice

100
Q

vector of rickettsia tsutsugamushi

A

scrub typhis/larval mite

101
Q

vector of rickettsia typhi

A

rat flea

MLT 240 Micro (3 decks)

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