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Psych 101 > Exam 2 - 3&4 > Flashcards

Exam 2 - 3&4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Sensation

A

Detecting information and converting physical energy

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2
Q

Perception

A

Interpreting info

Organize and interpret

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3
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

Inability to recognize known faces

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4
Q

Bottom-Up Processing

A

Sensation to perception

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5
Q

Top-Down Processing

A

Using past experiences to fill in gaps

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6
Q

Association Areas

A

Neural networks in cities that integrate info

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7
Q

Transduce

A

Converting energy from one form to another

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8
Q

Cornea

A

Bend light
Front of eye

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9
Q

Iris

A

Dilates and constricts pupils

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10
Q

Retina

A

Contains photoreceptors

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11
Q

Photoreceptors

A

The sensory receptors for light

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12
Q

Rods

A

Black white and grey
For dark
Sensitive
Lots
Fires in groups

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13
Q

Cones

A

Fine details and color
Daytime
Not as sensitive

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14
Q

High Road

A

Thalamus to primary visual cortex

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15
Q

Low Road

A

Thalamus to amygdala

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16
Q

Blindsight

A

A person lacks explicit visual perception but can see in other ways

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17
Q

Absolute Thresholds

A

Minimum intensity to notice 50% of the time

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18
Q

Difference Threshold

A

Minimum change to notice change

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19
Q

Webers Law

A

Proportional constant

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20
Q

Dorsal Stream

A

Locates things in space
“Where” pathway

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21
Q

Ventral Stream

A

“What” pathway

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22
Q

Figures

A

The object of visual attention

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23
Q

Ground

A

The back/foreground that helps give the figure shape

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24
Q

Gestalt Psychologists

A

How “wholes” are constructed

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25
Q

Heuristic

A

Top-Down strategy allowing quick judgements

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26
Q

Monocular Cues

A

Use one eye
Distance for objects further than a few feet

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27
Q

Binocular Cues

A

Use both eyes
Detect and estimate distance (close)
Depth

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28
Q

Retinal Disparity

A

Images compared across retinas

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29
Q

Feature Detector Cells

A

Neurons that fire to specific shapes lines angles and properties

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30
Q

Supercell Clusters

A

Networks integrating feature into complex patterns

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31
Q

Context Effects

A

Perception is influenced by context

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32
Q

Perceptual Set

A

See what we expect to typically see

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33
Q

Phi Effect

A

Static stimuli presented in rapid succession interpreted as movement (ie animation)

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34
Q

Signal Detection Theory

A

Sensation without perception
Perception depends on state

35
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

Similarities in big groups over differences

36
Q

Behavioral Genetics

A

Genetics role to variation within groups

37
Q

David Buss

A

Jealousy is an evolutionary adaptation that promotes natural selection

38
Q

Reproductive Fitness

A

Characteristics that increase the odds of reproduction are naturally selected

39
Q

Genome

A

Complete set of genes

40
Q

Alleles

A

Gene locations allowing for variation within a species
Contribute to “trait” differences

41
Q

Genotype

A

The actual gene

42
Q

Phenotype

A

Observable trait

43
Q

Hereditary

A

Passing on characteristics to offspring through genes

44
Q

Homozygous trait

A

Trait due to identical alleles
AA, aa

45
Q

Heterozygous Trait

A

Trait due to allele differences
Aa

46
Q

Epigenetics

A

Environmental influence on gene expression

47
Q

Epigenome

A

System of “tags”
Turn genes on and off

48
Q

Sebastian Seung

A

Connectome
Genes and environment impact neural wiring

49
Q

Biological Sex

A

Mix of phenotypical characteristics
Assigned

50
Q

Testosterone

A

Hormone
SRY gene

51
Q

A Construct

A

Theoretical species definition

52
Q

Culture

A

Beliefs, practices, and expectations shared by a group

53
Q

Gender Roles

A

Cultural expectations on gender

54
Q

Gender Typing

A

Acquisition of gender roles
Acquisition of gender identity over time

55
Q

Social Learning Theory

A

Gender typing occurs through interactions where we observe, are rewarded/punished, have experiences

56
Q

Statistical Significance

A

Difference does not occur by chance

57
Q

Effect Size

A

Characterizes the degree of difference

58
Q

Gender Similarities Hypothesis

A

Men & women are more similar than not for most psychological characteristics

59
Q

Sexual Orientation

A

Attraction towards

60
Q

Single Blind

A

The researcher doesn’t know who is in what group

61
Q

Double Blind

A

The researcher and participant don’t know groups

62
Q

Masters and Johnson

A

Observed sexual response cycle

63
Q

Naturalistic Observatuon

A

Observing a subject or group in a natural environment (without influencing)

64
Q

Laboratory Observatuon

A

Observing a subject or group in a laboratory that simulates a natural environment

65
Q

Estrogens

A

Hormone
Peak during ovulation

66
Q

Diary Study

A

Studied women on ovulation
More intercourse when ovulating

67
Q

Fantasy Study

A

Studied women while ovulating
Fantasize more during ovulation

68
Q

Tshirt Study

A

Men smelled womens shirts that were sweat in during ovulation
Found more attractive when ovulating

69
Q

Exotic dancer study

A

Men gave more tips when women were ovulating

70
Q

Insomnia

A

Trouble falling/staying asleep
Chronic fatigue

71
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Brains sleep-wake cycle compromised

72
Q

Cataplexy

A

Sudden loss of control over muscle that produces weakness/paralysis

73
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

Breathing is paused or becomes shallower during sleep

74
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

Daily biological sleep/wake rhythm

75
Q

Suprachiasmatic Nuclei

A

Inhibits Pinal gland
When a lot of light, prevents us from sleeping

76
Q

Hypnagogic Sensations

A

Intense dreams, can be perceived as memories

77
Q

Sleep Spindles

A

Weird movements or speaking during sleep

78
Q

K-Complex

A

Filter out external info
Integrate info into dreams

79
Q

Psychoanalytic Theory of Dreaming

A

Sigmund Freud
Dreams contain info about a persons unconscious wishes, fears, motives, and personality

80
Q

Manifest Content

A

The actual dream

81
Q

Latent Content

A

The symbolic meaning of the dream

82
Q

Days Residue

A

Recent events during the day
Can appear in dreams

83
Q

Activation-Synthesis Model

A

Neural network activity increases during deep sleep and REM, brain synthesizes and interprets into dreams

84
Q

Information-Processing Theory of Dreaming

A

Dreams represent the brains attempt to manage new learning

Psych 101 (4 decks)

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