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Structure of the human body > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Levator Palpebrae Superioris

A

Innervation: CNIII (superior)
Action: Raises eyelid

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2
Q

Superior rectus

A

Innervation: CN III, Superior
Action: Elevates, Adducts eye (medial rotation)

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3
Q

Medial Rectus

A

Innervation: CNIII, Inferior
Action: Adduct eye

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4
Q

Inferior Rectus

A

Innervation: CNIII, inferior
Action: Depresses, adducts eye (lateral rotation)

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5
Q

Lateral Rectus

A

Innervation: Abducent (VI)
Action: Avducts eye

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6
Q

Inferior Oblique

A

Innervation: CN III, inferior
Action: Elevates, abducts, and laterally rotates

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7
Q

Superior Oblique

A

Innervation: Trochlear (IV)
Action: Depress, abduct, medially rotates

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8
Q

Ophthalmic artery

A

From: Internal Carotid
CLP SAP DS

Central Artery of Retina
Lacrimal Artery
Posterior Cilliary

Supraorbital
Anterior Ethmoidal
Posterior Ethmoidal

Dorsal Nasal
Supratrochlear

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9
Q

Cilliary Muscle:

A

Innervation: Parasympathetics from CNIII
Action: Controls shape of lens
Far: Flat lens
Close, thick lens

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10
Q

Cilliary Process:

A

Produce aqueous humor

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11
Q

Canal of Schlemm

A

Covered by endothelium, receives aqueous humor from Anterior chamber via Trabeculae

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12
Q

Opthalmic Nerve

A 
V3, from Trigeminal
NFL
Nasociliary
Frontal
Lacrimal
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13
Q

Frontal Nerve

A

From: Opthalmic nerve

Supratrochlear (medial)
Supraorbital (lateral)

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14
Q

Glaucoma

A

Blockage of Trabeculae leading to no aqueous fluid moving into canal of Schlemm. Vision impaired by pressure on retina.

Open angle: Blockage
Close angle: Blockage by iris.

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15
Q

Cataracts:

A

Clouding of the lens

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16
Q

Postremal Champer

A

Filled with vitreous humor.

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17
Q

Fovea

A

Center of visual axis, only cones, no blood vessels.

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18
Q

Optic disc

A

No photoreceptors, blind spot.

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19
Q

Papilledema

A

Increase in CSF pushes on back of optic disc, causing it to bulge.

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20
Q

Superior Constrictor

A

Innervation: Vagus (X)
Action: Swallowing

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21
Q

Middle Constrictor

A

Innervation: Vagus (X)
Action: Swallowing

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22
Q

Inferior Constrictor

A

Innervation: Vagus (X)
Action: Swallowing

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23
Q

Stylopharyngeus

A

Innervation: CN IX
Attachment: thyroid

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24
Q

Salpingopharyngeus

A

Innervation: X

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25
Q

Tensor Veli Palatini

A

Innervation: V3

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26
Q

Vagus in Larynx

A

Branches:

External laryngeal (sup)
Internal Laryngeal (inf)
Recurrent laryngeal (Runs around Aorta on Left side, Subclavian on Right side)
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27
Q

Inferior laryngeal artery

A

From: Inferior Thyroid (from thyrocervical of subclavian)

Runs with: Recurrent laryngeal.

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28
Q

Superior laryngeal Artery

A

From: Superior thyroid (from External carotid)

Runs with: Internal laryngeal

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29
Q

Diaphragm

A

Innervation: phrenic
Origin: xiphoid, lower 6 ribs, l1-l3
Insertion: Central tendon
Action: Draws central tendon forward during inspiration

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30
Q

Quadratus lumborum

A

Innervation: Ventral rami of T12, L1-4
Origin: Transverse process of T12-L1 + 12th rib
Insertion: Iliac crest
Action: extends and abducts column

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31
Q

External carotid

A 
From: Common carotid
SALFORMS
Superficial temporal
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
posterior auRicular
Maxillary
Superior thyroid artery
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32
Q

Coccygeus

A

Innervation: S4, S5
Origin: Sacrospinous ligament
Insertion: Coccyx
Action: Supports Pelvic Vicera

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33
Q

Celiac Trunk

A

Supplies: Foregut
Divides: T12
Branches:

Left Gastric
Splenic
Common Hepatic

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34
Q

Left Gastric

A

Anastomosis with R. Gastric

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35
Q

Anastomosis:

A

L. Gastric(Cystic) R. Gastric(Hepatic proper)

L. Gastroomental (splenic) R. Gastroomental (Common Hepatic/gastroduodenal)

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36
Q

Common Hepatic

A

From: Celiac Trunk
Branches:

Gastroduodenal
Hepatic Proper

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37
Q

Hepatic Proper

A

From: Common Hepatic
Branches:

Right Gastric
Left Hepatic
Right Hepatic

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38
Q

Right Hepatic

A

From: Hepatic Proper
Branches:

Cystic Artery to Gallbladder

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39
Q

Gastroduodenal

A

From: Common Hepatic
Branches:

Superior Pancreaticoduodenal
Right Gastroomental

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40
Q

Splenic

A

From: Celiac
Branches:

Short Gastric
Left gastroomental

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41
Q

Foregut:

A

Stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, half of duodenum

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42
Q

Midgut

A

half of duodenum, jejunum, ilium, cecum, ascending colon, 2/3rd of transverse colon.

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43
Q

Hindgut

A

Left 1/3rd of transverse colon, descending, sigmoid, rectum

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44
Q

Blood supply to rectum:

A 
Superior Retal (Inf. Mesenteric)
Middle Rectal Artery (internal illiac)
Inferior Rectal (internal pudental)

Superior rectal inferior rectal (in anal column).

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45
Q

Embryologic origin of Trigone

A

Mesoderm, everything else endoderm

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46
Q

Sclera vs. Cornea?

A

Sclera: Opaque, with blood vessels
Cornea: Transparent and avascular (ant 1/6th)

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47
Q

Where is Aqueous humor made?

A

Cilliary process

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48
Q

Where is aqueous humor reabsorbed?

A

Canal of Schlemm

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49
Q

Boundaries of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx (skull to soft palate)
Oropharynx
(soft palate to hyoid bone)
Laryngopharynx (hyoid to esophagus)

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50
Q

Boundaries of the larynx

A

Epiglottis to trachea

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51
Q

Where can you find Stylopharyngeus?

A

Between the superior and middle constrictors

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52
Q

What is the developmental internal spermatic fascia?

A

Fascia transversalis

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53
Q

Internal oblique turns into what in the scrotum?

A

Cremasteric muscle.

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54
Q

What abdominal muscle is not represented in the scrotum?

A

Transversus abdominus

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55
Q

What does the peritoneal become in the scrotum?

A

Tunica vaginalis

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56
Q

What does the external oblique become in the scrotum?

A

External spermatic fascia and inguinal ligament (not in scrotum)

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57
Q

What does the transversals fascia become in the scrotum?

A

Internal Spermatic fascia

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58
Q

What does scamper’s fascia turn into in the scrotum?

A

Colle’s fascia

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59
Q

What does fatty camper’s turn into in the scrotum?

A

Dartos muscle, gives scrotum its ridges.

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60
Q

Nerve lies over psoas

A

Genitofemoral N

61
Q

Nerve that lies over quadratus lumborum

A

subcostal, ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric

62
Q

Nerve that lies between External and internal oblique muscle

A

Iliohypogastric

63
Q

Nerve that lies between transverse abdominus and internal oblique

A

Ilioinguinal

64
Q

Nerve that lies over iliacus

A

lateral femoral cutaneous

65
Q

Where does true pelvis start?

A

arcuate line of pelvis

66
Q

What muscle lies above the crua in the superficial pouch?

A

Ishiocavernosum

67
Q

What muscle lies above the bulb of the penis in the superficial pouch?

A

Bulbospongiosum

68
Q

What Muscle lies along the inferior border of the UG triangle in the superficial pouch?

A

Superficial Transverse peroneal

69
Q

Where do you do a nerve block for pelvic female procedures?

A

Ishial Spine, blocks internal pudental nerve.

70
Q

Erection pins down what vessel between fascia?

A

Deep dorsal vein

71
Q

What muscles make up deep pouch?

A

Sphincter urethra

Deep transverse perennial

72
Q

Pathway of pudendal nerve

A

Comes out of greater sciatic foramen
Goes into lesser sciatic foramen
travels through Alcock’s canal (thickening of obturator internus fascia)
Turns into perennial, then posterior scrotal

73
Q

Inferior Fascia in females is called

A

perineal membrane

74
Q

Where does the Sciatic nerve emerge in gluteal region?

A

between piriformis and superior gemellus

75
Q

Four arteries that contribute to cruciate anastomosis

A

Lateral circumflex femoral transverse artery
Medial circumflex femoral transverse artery
Inferior gluteal
Ascending branch from 1st perforating artery

76
Q

What dermatome covers the knee cap and big toe?

A

L4

77
Q

What dermatome does the lateral posterior leg?

A

S1

78
Q

What dermatome does the medial posterior leg?

A

S2

79
Q

Car bumper damage to thigh affects what?

A

Common fibular nerve

Presents as: no dorsiflexion

80
Q

Anterior tibial runs with what nerve?

A

Deep fibular nerve

81
Q

Nerve that provides skin between big toe and 2nd metatarsal

A

Deep fibular nerve

82
Q

Dorsalis pedis can be found

A

Lateral to extensor hallucis tendon

83
Q

Knee flexors

A 
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps
Sartorius
Gracilis
Popliteus
Plantaris
Gastrocnemius
84
Q

Knee Extensors

A

Quadriceps femoris
Tensor Fascia Lata
Gluteus Maximus

85
Q

Hip Medial rotators:

A

Tensor Fascia Lata
Gluteus Min
Gluteus med
(all superior gluteal)

86
Q

Hip Lateral rotators

A 
Sartorius 
Gluteus max
Inferior Gemellus
Superior Gemellus
Obturator internus
Obturator Externus
Piriformis
Psoas Major
Quadratus femoris
87
Q

Plantarflexors

A 
Peroneus Brevis
Peroneus Longus
Flexor Digitorum longus
Flexor Hallucis longus 
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
Tibialis posterior
88
Q

Dorsiflexors

A

Extensor Digitorum longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Tibialis anterior
Peroneus tertius

89
Q

Inverters

A

Tibialis anterior

Tibialis posterior

90
Q

Everters

A

Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Brevis
Peroneus Tertius

91
Q

Functional component of Sclera

A

Composed of both cornea and sclera .

Cornea: focus’ light unto medium.

92
Q

Functional component of uvea

A

aka: choroid.
Absorbs stray photons.
Colliery body (muscle, process, coal of scheme)
parasympathetic lens thickening.

93
Q

Functional component of retina

A

Ganglia, interneurons, photoreceptors.

94
Q

Retroperitoneal organs

A 
SAD PUCKER
Suprarenal
Aorta/IVC
Duodenum (prt 2+3)
Pancreas
Ureter
Colon (ascending + Descending)
Kidney
Esophagus
Rectum
95
Q

Point at which Celiac artery comes off of Aorta

A

T12

96
Q

Describe the order of Heptic Artery, duct, portal vein

A

Portal vein = posterior

hepatic duct = right

Hepatic artery = left

97
Q

Describe the ducts from liver to duodenum

A

Right and left hepatic duct join at common hepatic. Common hepatic duct joined by cystic duct, becomes common bile duct. Is joined by pancreatic duct enters duodenum part 2 at hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of vader). Exits at main duodenal papilla.

98
Q

What ligament enclose the portal triad?

A

Hepatoduodenal

99
Q

Name the boundaries of the H

A

Ligamentum teres + ligamentum venosum (right)

IVC + Cystic duct (left)

100
Q

Parasympathetics to Hindgut

A

Pelvic splanchnic

101
Q

Sympathetic to hindgut

A

Lumbar splanchnics

102
Q

Parasympathetic to midgut and foregut

A

Vagus

103
Q

Sympathetic to midgut and foregut

A

Thoracic splanchnics

104
Q

Consequence of portal hypertension

A

Esophageal varices + hemorrhoid

105
Q

Jejunum + illium sympathetics

A

T5-T9

106
Q

Vein Anastomosis

A

Left gastric vein + Esophageal vein

Superior rectal vein + middle inferior rectus

107
Q

Pierces the psoas major

A

genitofemoral nerve

108
Q

What does the functional left liver lobe contain?

A

Caudate and quadrate

109
Q

What does the anatomical left liver lobe contain?

A

Not caudate and quadrate

110
Q

Epiploic appendices are absent from:

A

CAR

Cecum, Appendix, rectum

111
Q

What spinal segment does appendix pain travel through?

A

T10

112
Q

What are the three sites for ureter constriction?

A

Uretopelvic (where it leaves the kidney
Pelvic inlet (where it goes over common iliac)
Uretovesicular (where it enters bladder, smallest)

113
Q

Describe the arcuate ligaments

A

Median, medial, lateral
Median = aorta
medial = posts major
Lateral = quadratus lamborum

Divided by L and R crus

114
Q

IVC tributaries

A 
R gonadal
Common iliac
Hepatic
renal
LUmbar veins
Inf phrenic vein
115
Q

Suprarenal blood supply

A

Inferior suprarenal from Right renal
Middle suprarenal from abdominal aorta
Superior suprarenal from inferior phrenic

116
Q

Suprarenal vein drainage

A

Right side: IVC

Left side: left renal vein

117
Q

Passes through deep inguinal ring

A

Spermatic cord/round ligament
Genital branch of genitofemoral
Cremasteric muscle

118
Q

spermatic cord contents

A

3 arteries:
Testicular, cremasteric, vas
3 veins:
vas, pampiform plexius, vestige of vaginalis
3 nerves:
genital n, sympathetic plexus (one around testicular artery and another around vas artery).

119
Q

Above arcuate line

A

Rectus sheath has aponeurosis of ext. and int. oblique in front, and internal, and transverse abdomens behind.

120
Q

Below arcuate line

A

Rectus sheath has aponeurosis of external oblique, int. oblique, and transverse abdomens in front, and nothing behind (transversals fascia)

121
Q

What is the crotch of the bronchi called?

A

Carina

122
Q

Left vs right main bronchus?

A

Left is longer, smaller diameter. Left divides into upper and lower.

Right is shorter, larger diameter. Divides into apertural for upper, intermedium for middle and lower loves.

123
Q

Sternal angle projects back to what part of spine?

A

T4

124
Q

Organization of L lung at hilum.

A

Both vessels ant to bronchus.

Artery superior to Vein.

125
Q

Organization of R lung at hilum.

A

Artery and vein ant. to bronchioles, artery and bronchioles same level.

126
Q

When does blood from right ventricle enter pulmonary trunk?

A

Systole

127
Q

What supplies tissue of lungs, bronchiole supply or pulmonary supply?

A

Bronchiole supply

128
Q

Child vs. Adult respiration

A

Adult: change in thoracic wall size + diaphragm moves down
Child: just diaphragm moving down.

129
Q

Pleural recesses

A

Costodiaphragmatic (back, bigger)

Costomedialstinal (front)

130
Q

Contents of posterior mediastinum

A

Aorta, esophagus, vagus, azygos + hemi, thoracic duct, symp chain.

131
Q

Bifurcation of Trachea

A

T4-5

132
Q

Where do intercostal nerves come out?

A

Between innermost and internal intercostal muscles

133
Q

Lacrimal drainage

A

Drain at punch lacrimal through lacrimal caniculus (duct) to lacrimal sac. Lacrimal sac drains to nasal sinus through nasolacrmal duct.

134
Q

What nasociliary branch carries parasympathetic nerves to eye

A

Short cilliary nerves

135
Q

Muscle that originates from anterior aspect of orbit

A

Inferior oblique

136
Q

Where do the optic nerve axons pierce the sclera?

A

Lamina cribosa

137
Q

Buccinator

A

Innervation: VII

138
Q

Levator veli palatini

A

Innervation: pharyngeal n (X)

139
Q

Mylohyoid

A

Innervation: V3

140
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve

A 
GLOAP
glossopharyngeal nerve
lesser patrosal
Otic ganglion
Auriculotemporal n
Parotid gland
141
Q

Palatoglossus

A

Innervation: X

142
Q

Abductor of the vocal cords

A

Posterior cricothyroid (all others adduct)

143
Q

Nerve supply to intrinsic muscles of the larynx

A

All done by inferior laryngeal (from recurrant) except for: cricothyroid (done by external laryngeal from superior laryngeal)

144
Q

Damage to piriform fossa

A

damage to internal laryngeal, lose sensation above vocal chord

145
Q

What is the cristae termina

A

From which the pectinate originate

146
Q

Pharyngeal pouches

A

Ears, tonsil, bottom to top

Auditory tube 1
Tonsil 2
Inferior parathyroid3
Thymus 
superior Parathyroid 4
147
Q

Aortic arches

A 
1 Regress
2 Regress
3 Common carotid
4 L. Aorta R. Subclavian
5 Regress
6 L. ductus arteriosum+ pulmonary artery R. pulmonary artery
148
Q

Ventral Vs. Dorsal mesentery

A

Ventral: foregut, falciform + lesser omentum
Dorsal: All of the gut, post body wall

Structure of the human body (7 decks)

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