Exam 2 Flashcards
- principle of experience dependent plasticity
- sufficient repetition
repetition matters
- adjunct to behavioral therapy
- coil placed on the skull induces current in the cerebral cortex
- the current suppresses/enhances cortical excitability
transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
- used to diagnose neuromuscular disease
- measure electrical activity of muscles at rest and during movement
- used to diagnose ALS and myasthenia gravis
Electromyography (EMG)
- the number of synapses is reduced
- stronger synapses retained, while weaker are eliminated
synaptic pruning
What is the gold standard for tumor detection?
PET scan
- measures metabolic rates for oxygen or glucose or blood flow
- radioactive tracer injected into vein
- tracer collects in organs/tissues
- “gold standard” for tumor detection
- can aid in differential diagnosis of moement disorders
Positron Emission computed Tomography (PET)
- CSF drawn from the lumbar cistern
- examined for
- white blood cells- infection, tumor, demyelinating disease
- red blood cells- bleeding
- excess protein- tumor, infection, diabetes
- glucose- increase, decrease
Spinal tap
used to code and classify mortality data from death certificates
ICD-10
- provides 3-D images (all 3 anatomical planes)
- used with or without contrast
- often used in the ER
- this without contrast is less sensitive to acute stroke than MRI
- More tolerant of patient motion than MRI
Computerized Axial Tomography (CT/CAT Scan)
- principle of experience dependent plasticity
- plasticity in response to one training experience can enhance the acquisition of similar behaviors
transference
used outside the US for assigning codes to diagnoses
ICD-10
- study of electrical activity of the brain
- uses surface electrodes
- used to most often diagnose seizures
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
imaging techniques that use ionizing radiation (4)
- x-rays
- CT
- PET
- flouroscopy
- The follow are types of…
- T1 weighted
- T2 weighted
- diffusion/perfusion weighted (DWI/PWI)
- diffusion tractography imaging (DTI)
- flair
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- principle of experience dependent plasticity
- plasticity in response to one training experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviors
interference
takes advantage of the body’s own contrasts
endogenous contrast agent/medium
the execution of a task or action by an individual
activity
Neuron regeneration
peripheral nervous system (2)
- regeneration does occur
- schwann cells support cell regeneration and new axonal connections
What do most of our evaluation tools measure?
body structure and function domains
ICF
international classification of functioning, disability and health
Physiological bases of plasticity in the normal brain (2)
- dendritic spines expand allowing more interaction with other neurons
- axons develop new connections mostly in passing, but some sprouting
Order of synaptogenesis/pruning (2)
- senosry systems develop first
- language develops next, followed by cognition
increased/exaggerated feeling
hyperesthesia
- principle of experience dependent plasticity
- must be sufficiently rewarding to induce plasticity
Saliency matters