Exam 2 Flashcards
What are some. Simple ways we can control microbial. Growth?
Hand washing, showers, brush teeth, wash clothes, refrigeration
Who were the major contributors to inventing ways to control microbial growth?
Semmelweis and Pasteur
What. Are hey he. 2 major types of microbial growth. Control?
Sterilization
Disinfection
What is seterilization?
How many microbes eliminated?
Destruction of ALL microbes
All human pathogens are eliminated
What is disinfection?.
Are all microbes eliminated
Use of a chemical or physical agent. To inhibit or destroy microbes on surfaces or inanimate. Objects.
Not all human pathogens. Are eliminated
What are the types of disinfection?
Antisepsis
Sanitization
Pasteurization
What. Is antisepsis?
Disinfection of. Tissue via. A. Chemical agent
Must be. Safe. To. Use on tissue
What Is sanitization?
Reduce number. Of pathogens On a surface to meet public health standards
What is pasteurization?
Use. Md heat to kill pathogens and decrease number of spoilage. Organisms,
Increases shelf life of. Food/beverages
What are the 8 things to consider when thinking to microbial growth control?
- Number of microbes- more microbes takes longer. Time to. Kill
- Duration of exposure-how long does it. Take?
- Types. Of microbes- endospore former, acid fast bacteria?
- Temperature- decreased temp molecular. Motion of molecules decreased
- Concentration of the chemical
- Ph- alkaline ph is. Harder. For microbes
- Environment- presence. Of. Organics (blood, pus, ect)- decreased accessibility, organically interfere with action of some chemicals
- Endospore formation
What are the targets/how do antimicrobial agents inhibit/kill microbes? Three ways
Alteration of membrane permeability
Denature proteins
Damage nucleic acids
How does an anti microbial agent alter membrane permeability?
Microbe burst/shrivel
Leak necessary items out of microbe
Not allow. Necessary items. Into microbe
How do antimicribial agents denature proteins?
Unfolding proteins doesn’t maintain. 3D shape, won’t function
Denature enzymes
Hw do antimicrobial agents damage nucleic Acids?
What molecules does it target?
Block DNA replication, transcription, translation
DNA and RNA
What are the 6 different kinds of physical microbial growth. Control?
Heat Cold Drying Filtration Osmotic pressure Radiation
For heat, what is the action, cost, target,time frame and types?
Denatures proteins Inexpensive Kills lots of microbes Fast Dry heat, incineration, moist heat, autoclave, pasteurization
How does time and temperature matter. With mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Higher the temperature,the shorter time of exposure:
58- 30 minutes
65-2 minutes
72-3 seconds
What is a example of dry heat? Temp and time? Does it penetrate? What can you disinfect, what can you not? Can it be a sterilizer?
Oven 160 C~2 hours No Glassware/instruments, not liquids Yes
What is a example of an incinerator?
Sterilizer?
What can you use it on?
Bacti-cinerator
Sterilizer
Must be metal and able to take extreme heat
Does moist heat penetrate?
What is a example?
Sterilization?
What microbe can survive boiling?
Yes
Boiling
Not reliable sterilization
Endospores
What takes longer or sterilize? Moist or dry heat?
Dry heat takes more time
What two physical things does autoclave combine?
What must be maintained for it to sterilize?
What can you use it on? Can’t?
When must you test it.
What is used so you can tell it was effective?
Moist heat and osmotic pressure Temp and pressure Glassware, liquids, instruments, microbial media NOT on plastics, will melt Frequently Autoclave tape
Does pasteurization sterilize? How doss it work? What is the holding method? Flash method? ultra flash method?
No, it disinfects Kills pathogens and spoilage. Organisms with heat 62.9 for 30 minutes 71.6 for 15 seconds 140 for 3 seconds
What is cold action?
Who does it work on?
Decrease growth, metabolism, reproduction
Fridge halts growth. No most human pahogens (mesophiles)