Exam 2 Flashcards
Chapters 12 -15
What ages are the middle childhood life cycle stage?
ages 5-10 years
Jeremy is 12 years old. What life cycle stage does he fall under?
Preadolescence
Sandra is 6 years old. What life cycle stage does she fall under?
Middle childhood
Toronto is 4 years old. Does he fall under middle childhood?
No. That is 5-10 years old.
Trixie is 12 years old. Does she fall under preadolescence?
No. that is ages 9-11 for girls
What ages are the preadolescence stage?
ages 9-11 for girls
ages 10-12 for boys
LaTrell is 11 years old. Does he fall under preadolescence?
Yes, that is ages 10-12 for boys
——— and ——- influence growth.
Genetics, hormones
What three combined actions result in growth and development of a child?
genetics, hormones, and nutrition
What do genetics determine in a child growing?
Height and body size
———– represent the biochemical aspect of growth
Hormones
Which systems secrete and stimulate hormones during periods of growth?
Endocrine system, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland
HOW do hormones regulate the growth and development of a child?
using instructions they recieve from the genes
How to calculate height of a baby using the parents stats?
1) Add the mother’s height and the father’s height in either inches or centimeters
2) Add 5 inches/13 centimeters for boys
3) Subtract 5 inches/13 centimeters for girls
John and Mary have a child named Aaron. John is 5 feet 10 inches and Mary is 6 feet 2 inches. How tall will Aaron be?
70 inches + 74 inches = 144 inches
Since Aaron is a boy, we will add 5 inches.
= 149 inches
Now we divide by 2
= 74.5
Michael and Sarah have a child named Emma. Michael is 5 feet 2 inches and Sarah is 5 feet 4 inches. How tall will Emma be?
62 inches + 64 inches = 126 inches
Since Emma is a girl, we will subtract 5 inches. = 121 inches
Now we divide by 2
= 60.5
Homer and Marge have a child named Lisa. Homer is 170 cm and Marge is 182 cm. How tall will Lisa be?
170 cm + 182 cm = 352 cm
Since Lisa is a girl, we will subtract by 13 cm = 339 cm
Now we divide by 2
= 169.5 cm
Jake and Amy have a son named Mac. Jake is 183 cm tall and Amy is 162 cm tall. How tall will Mac be?
183 + 162 cm = 345 cm
Since Mac is a boy, we will add 13 cm.
= 358 cm
Now we divide by 2
=179 cm
Which years will growth velocity slow down during?
School age years
True or false: periodic monitoring of growht continues to be important in school age years
True
Which ages is associated with a adiposity rebound and a mild growth spurt?
~6-7 years of age
What is the “midgrowth spurt?”
small increase in growth velocity between the ages of 4-8 years
What tool do people use to monitor the growth of children?
Growth chart for weight and height
What 4 physiological developments do school-age children go through?
muscular strength, motor coordination, and stamina increase, and more complex pattern movements
True or False: Body fat constantly increases in school age children and continues to increase in adolescence
False: Body fat reaches a minimum then increases in preperation for adolescent growth spurt.
What are the cognitive developments in school age children?
- Self-efficacy: the knowledge of what to do and the ability to do it
- Changes from magical thinking and egocentrism to concrete operations
- develops sense of self
- more independent and learning family roles
- peer relationships become important
What are the developments of feeding skills and eating behaviors in school age children?
During this time, the preferences of parents will influence the child’s food likes and dislikes. (Think of examples)
Family mealtimes influence the eating behaviors in children - eating together as a family should be encouraged.
Snacking: snacks are needed to meet nutritional needs
A responsive feeding style should be adopted to help with the food preference development, appetite, and satiety
Peer influence becomes greater as the child’s world expands beyond the family - lunchables or food other kids eat
Media influence: children wanting to try foods on television or being attracted to fast-food establishments
Body image and excessive dieting: the mother’s concern of her own weight issues may influence feeding practices.
Young girls are preoccupied with weight and size at an early age as well
What are the nutrition-specific concerns in the growth and development of children?
- growth needs the right amount of macro and micronutrients
- You need enough calories to ensure growth happens normally
- the needs of nutrition vary during each developmental stage
What are the energy needs of school-age children?
They vary by activity level and body size
- Use the DRI: based on gender, age, height, weight, and physical activity level
- Estimated Energy Expenditure (EER): total energy expenditure plus kilocalories for energy deposition
What are the protein needs of school-age children?
Recommended is 0.95 gram of protein per kg body weight per day
What are the vitamins and mineral needs of school-age children?
-Children’s mean intakes of most nutrients meet or exceed the recommendations
(Basically they get enough from their food itself)
What are some food behaviors of preadolescents?
They exhibit more choice than their parents and peers but those are still role models to them
They may still be reluctant to try new foods/avoid trying new foods because of their increased independence
They may also experiment more because of their increased independence
What are some factors impacting choices for preadolescents?
Culture and religion
School
Media
Parental monitoring and prescence
