Exam 2 Flashcards
Transient myocardial ischemia causing chest pain, commonly brought on by exertion, best describes
Angina Pectoris
What are some risk factors for the development of coronary artery disease?
High blood pressure, high cholesterol, family Hx of heart disease, obesity, stressful sedentary lifestyle, and smoking
Living at a high altitude and being chronically hypoxic (example: a sherpa living in Tibet near Mt. Everest) could cause primary polycythemia.
False
The procedure where a catheter with a balloon is threaded into a coronary artery and expanded to compress plaque and widen the lumen is called:
Angioplasty
A patient in the ER suffering from an apparent myocardial infarction has a blood pressure of 60/0, cold and clammy skin, minimal urine output, and is extremely disoriented. What complication is occurring?
Cardiogenic shock
Aortic stenosis can cause left ventricular hypertrophy.
True; LV has to work harder to pump blood through the narrowed aortic valve.
“Vegetations” occurring around the heart valves is characteristic of:
Rheumatic heart disease and ineffective endocarditis
Leukemia is a type of malignant neoplasia of the bone marrow.
True
Congestive heart failure is a possible complication of myocardial infarction
True
A deterioration of the mitral valve so that it fails to close properly and allows blood to flow backwards, causes which of the following?
Left atrial hypertrophy; blood flows backward into the LA which is at the same time also receiving blood from the pulmonary veins, it is having to do a lot of work.
The zones of tissue damage occurring with myocardial infarction include:
Injury, Necrosis/Infarction, Ischemia
Thrombocytopenia Purpura is a disease where there is:
a decreased number of platelets
Which of the following may precipitate an episode of angina pectoris?
emotion, environment, eating, and exercise
Which heart defect is described by the following: a communication between the pulmonary artery and aorta that fails to close at birth
patent ductus arteriosus
For someone who is in V-fib (ventricular fibrillation), the proper treatment is:
CPR and rapid defibrillation
Arrhythmias affecting the ventricles are more life threatening than those abnormal rhythms that affect the atria.
True
Constriction of the aorta causing abnormally high blood pressure in the upper body and low blood pressure in the lower body best describes:
Coarctation of the Aorta
Injections of Vitamin B12, which must be continued for life, are the primary treatment for Pernicious Anemia.
True
Ischemia is best defined as:
Reduced oxygen to an organ because of reduced blood flow
Periodic phlebotomy is one of the treatments for secondary (compensatory) polycythemia.
False. Phlebotomy is the treatment for primary polycythemia.
What is the electrolyte imbalance commonly seen in Congestive Heart Failure?
High Na+ and Low K+
Petechiae may occur in which of the following?
Thrombocytopenia Purpura
The blood smear for Iron-deficiency Anemia would present macrocytic cells.
False
Three or more PVC’s in a row is considered V-tach (ventricular tachycardia).
True
What disease occurs when erythropoiesis escapes its normal controls, causing production of an increased number of erythrocytes?
Primary polycythemia
Complications of a myocardial infarction may include:
ventricular arrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, congestive heart failure
A hemolytic anemia (example: sickle cell anemia) is the result of an accelerated destruction of RBC’s.
True
The most common manifestation of lymphoma is:
painless swelling of the lymph nodes
Fluid (water) follows sodium.
True
This sex-linked recessive bleeding disorder results from lack of a specific clotting factor.
hemophilia
The condition where there is a reduction in the number of RBC’s (thus a reduction in Hb):
anemia
A macrocytic anemia in which there is a reduced volume of gastric juice, an absence of intrinsic factor, and a reduced serum Vitamin B12 level is:
pernicious anemia
What abnormalities exist with Tetralogy of Fallot?
over-riding aorta, pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, right ventricular hypertrophy
