Exam 1 Flashcards
Osteosarcoma is a _____ tumor of the bone.
malignant
The first type of leukocyte to appear at the site of injury during the inflammatory response is
neutrophil
What abnormality occurs to cause Down’s Syndrome?
The cell fails to divide properly, producing an extra chromosome of an autosomal pair
Prognosis refers to the abnormal physiology associated with a disease.
false
What makes up an individual’s acquired (specific) immunity?
Cell-mediated immunity & humoral immunity
Following the initial injury, what is the first phase of the inflammatory response?
blood vessels dilate to increase blood flow and histamine release causes a change in the vessels’ permeability
Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are frequently used in conjunction (together) in the treatment of malignant neoplasms.
true
The study of the cause of a disease best defines:
etiology
Which of the following substances would be subject to phagocytosis?
-dead tissue -foreign material -microorganisms -all options are correct
-all options are correct
Formation of secondary tumors in organs other than that in which the tumor originally began (because of spread through the blood or lymph), is a characteristic of which of the following?
malignant neoplasia
Cystic Fibrosis most commonly occurs when:
heterozygous parents produce a homozygous recessive offspring
Which of the following white blood cell type/s tends to increase due to allergy?
Eosinophil and Basophil
aboratory and Radiologic test findings are examples of manifestations used in the diagnosis of a disease.
true
An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a tracing of the electrical activity of the heart.
false
Receiving an injection of an organism that has been rendered less harmful (attenuated) is a way of actively acquiring long-lasting immunity.
true
Benzopyrene, found in tar, is an example of a:
carcinogen
Which of the following could cause an infectious inflammatory process?
I. Virus
II. Bacteria
III. Fungus
IV. Parasite
All of the above
Treatment that is palliative in nature is aimed at:
treating the symptoms and making the patient comfortable
Within seconds to minutes after exposure to an allergen, the patient has a reaction where they become flushed, have trouble breathing, systemic blood pressure falls, and blood flow is severely reduced to vital organs. What type of allergic reaction has occurred?
anaphylactic
A sarcoma may be found in which of the following tissues?
I. Brain
II. Bone
III. Lung
IV. Kidney
V. Muscle
II and V (bone, muscle, cartilage, CT)
A person with Turner’s syndrome outwardly appears female, but never develops secondary sexual characteristics. What abnormality causes this disease?
monosomy of sex chromosomes producing only an X
The most important immunoglobulin in allergic reactions is:
IgE
Hemophilia occurs when:
A carrier mother passes on the recessive trait via an X chromosome to a male offspring
What is the type of immunity where sensitized T lymphocytes develop in response to an antigen and directly attack it?
cell-mediated immunity
An increase in the number of cells of a particular tissue best defines:
hyperplasia
Infection and inflammation can be used interchangeably; they mean the same thing.
false
Joe’s oncologist told him, “Unfortunately, your diagnosis is the worst possible.” Which of the following most likely, and accurately, depicts Joe’s condition?
malignant tumor with metastasis
A physician notes a scar on the patient’s right lower abdomen. This observation is a
sign
The body’s immediate, protective response to injury so that the extent of damage is limited, dead tissue is removed and preparation for healing can begin is the definition of:
inflammation
Human Immunodeficiency Virus destroys the body’s immune system primarily by:
infecting helper T-cells
For the diagnosis of AIDS, it is important to test the patient for antibodies to:
HIV
The spread of malignant tumor cells by the blood and/or lymph so that secondary tumors arise in distant organs best defines:
metastasis
A tall male with male genitalia, gynecomastia, who is also slightly effeminate, is found to have a 47 XXY karyotype. These findings are typical of:
Klinefelter’s Syndrome
The cells that participate in phagocytosis include:
Neutrophils and macrophages
Which immunoglobulins (Ig) are involved in a complement reaction?
IgG and IgM
__________ diseases occur when autoantibodies develop and begin to destroy the body’s own cells.
autoimmune
A patient comes to the Emergency Room complaining of shortness of breath (dyspnea). This is considered a/an:
symptom
Which of the following is a foreign agent that triggers an immune response?
antigen
