Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Health and Wellness Across the Lifespan > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How do carbohydrates support the body?

A

primary source of fuel and energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do proteins support the body?

A

facilitates growth and repair of tissue; energy source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do fats (lipids) support the body?

A

source of fatty acids, necessary for growth and development; energy source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some sources of carbohydrates?

A

Whole grains, legumes, vegetables, and fruits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which form of fat is more heart friendly, saturated or unsaturated?

A

Unsatruated is more heart friendly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fat is essential for the transportation, absobtion, and digestion for what fat-soluable vitamins?

A

Vitamins A, D, E, and K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What makes a complete protein?

A

A protein that contains all 9 amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What makes a fat saturated or unsatruated?

A

A saturated fat means that all of carbons are fully saturated with hydrogens
Unsaturated fat means that not all of the carbons are saturated with hydrogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What foods are complete proteins?

A

Meat, milk, cheese, eggs, and fish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What foods are incomplete proteins?

A

Legumes, nuts, grains, cereals, and vegetables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an example of two foods that together make a complete protein?

A

Rice and beans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a vitamin?

A

Compounds that are involved in regulating bodily functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens if a patient is deficient of carbohydrates?

A

Tissue wasting due to the body breaking down proteins and fats in the body to get the energy it needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens if a patient is deficient of proteins?

A

In illness it can cause poor wound healing, lack of tissue structure, and issues with blood compontents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can lead to protein deficiencies?

A

Anemia, edema (swelling of hands or feet), tissue wasting, and weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does tissue wasting mean?

A

It means the loss of tissues that are made out of proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens if fat soluable vitamins are taken excessively?

A

Toxicities can develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does vitamin D do?

A

It supports the absorption of calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of vitamin C ?

A

Collagen synthesis and immune support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are minerals?

A

They are salts dissolved in water or are referred to as electrolytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens as a result of a vitamin A deficiency?

A

Infections, night blindness, and keratinization (hardening of skin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What happens as a result of a vitamin D deficiency?

A

rickets in children (weakening of bones) and osteomalacia in adults (softening of bones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens as a result of a vitamin E deficiency?

A

erythrocyte hemolysis or red blood cell destruction in premature newborns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What happens as a result of a vitamin K deficiency?

A

It is rare except in newborns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What happens as a result of a vitamin c deficiency?
It can lead to scurvy
26
What are the attributes of nutrition?
- Food selection -Ingestion/ oral intake - Digestion - Absorption - Cellular metabolism
27
What does food selection mean?
the selection of which foods are consumed. This can be influenced by personal, social, cultural, and economic factors.
28
What does ingestion/oral intake mean?
the intake of required macro and micronutrients as well as water
29
What does digestion mean?
the process of mechanical and chemical breakdown of food matter and complex micronutrients
30
What does absorption mean?
The process of nutrients moving from the digestive system into the circulatory system
31
What does cellular metabolism mean?
includes the enzymatic and hormonal processes that occur within cell structures that allow micro and macro nutrients to be used for energy, new products, and tissues.
32
What is a food desert?
A community where access to healthy affordable food is limited
33
What does a food apartheid/desert mean for patients are affected by one ?
That they have a harder time accessing grocery stores with healthy and affordable options this could affect someone's health, and finances
34
How can nurses support patients living in a food desert/apartheid?
Refer patients to programs like SNAP, Meals on Wheels, and local food bank programs
35
What is necessary for red blood cell formation?
Iron
36
What are water soluble vitamins?
Vitamin C and B complex
37
Which vitamin is synthesized by bacteria in the small intestine?
Vitamin K
38
What micronutrient helps with neural tube development of a fetus?
Folic acid/ folate
39
What kind of fats are heart healthy?
HDLs
40
What is something that is not a macronutrient but is required by all humans
Water
41
What is the brain's favorite macronutrient?
Glucose/ Carbs
42
Which macronutrient is the most concentrated in calories?
Fats/ Lipids
43
What are social determinants of health that affect nutritional status?
Neighborhoods and built environment, economic stability, social and community context
44
What are foods that support the microbiome?
Fermented foods and non-processed foods
45
What increases with increasing food prices?
Food insecurity
46
What is the microbiome?
The microbes, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and their genes, that naturally live on our bodies and inside us (GI and reproductive tract)
47
Who needs on average 300 more calories a day?
Pregnant people
48
What age is is most important to be careful with choking hazards?
Infants/ toddlers
49
What type of nutrition is recommended for the first 6 months of life?
Breastfeeding or formula feeding
50
What should be avoided being taken with milk or dairy products?
Iron supplements
51
What are some plant based foods that are high in iron?
Leafy greens, legumes, tofu, and fortified cereals
52
What are some common symptoms of anemia?
Fatigue, headaches, pallor, and dizziness
53
What age groups are at higher risk for anemia?
Milkfeeding infants, Young children, people who menstruate, are pregnant, or breastfeeding, and older adults
54
What is examined in a blood test for anemia?
The hemoglobin, hematocrit, or the complete blood count
55
What does vitamin A do?
Maintain healthy eyesight and supports night vision
56
What do the the vitamin B complexes do?
They help support enzymatic functions
57
How many types of B vitamins are there?
8
58
What does vitamin E do?
It is an antioxidant that prevents free electrons from damaging cells in the body
59
What does vitamin K do?
It supports blood clotting which allows for wound healing
60
What does vitamin B9/ Folic Acid do?
Red blood cell formation and neural development for fetuses
61
What does vitamin B12 do?
Red blood cell formation, metabolism and production of DNA
62
What does Niacin or Vitamin B3 do?
It helps to turn food into energy and supports the nervous, digestive, and integumentary system healthy
63
What does iron do?
It makes hemoglobin which is protein in the red blood cells that carries oxygen
64
What is a macronutrient?
A nutrient that the body needs in large amounts to maintain health
65
What are some examples of macronutrients?
Proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
66
What are micronutrients?
Nutrients that the body needs these in smaller amounts to maintain health
67
What are some examples of micronutrients?
Vitamins and minerals
68
What are amino acids?
Molecules that combine to form proteins
69
What are some examples of amino acids?
Tyrosine, phenylalanine, and others
70
What are some sources of complete proteins?
Chicken, eggs and quinoa
71
What are some examples of saturated fats?
Butter and lard
72
What are some examples of unsaturated fats?
Olive oil and avocado
73
A saturated fats or unsaturated fats more likely to be solid at room temperature?
Saturated fats
74
A saturated fats or unsaturated fats more likely to be liquid at room temperature?
Olive oil and avocado
75
What is dietary fiber?
The parts of plant foods your body can’t digest or absorb
76
What are some examples of dietary fiber?
Whole grains and vegetables
77
What is the purpose of a lipid profile lab test?
To assess lipid metabolism such as the amount of high density lipid proteins (HDLs), low density lipid proteins (LDLs), triglycerides, or cholesterol
78
What happens as a result of lipid defiencies?
It can cause the person to have reduced immune function, and to increase their chances of getting neurodegenrative diseases like Alzheimer's
79
What does a blood glucose test measure?
It measures the metabolism of carbohydrates to see if there is an impairment in the metabolism of glucose
80
What does it mean if someone is deficient in blood glucose?
It means that the person has an inadequate caloric intake
81
What does the hemoglobin and hematocrit blood test measure?
It measures the amount of iron that someone is reciving from dietary intake and it can also measure the hydration status of a patient
82
What does a deficiency of hemoglobin and hematocrit mean?
It means that the patient could be anemic due to a deficiency of iron, folate, or vitamin B12. It could also show that the patient is dehydrated
83
What does a Serum Albumin test look for?
It looks for the amount of protein circulating in the blood.
84
What does a deficiency in albumin mean?
It can be caused by protein-calorie malnutrition, chronic/acute inflammation, blood loss, or altered fluid status
85
What does a electrolyte test look for?
General health status, along with measures of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus
86
What does an electrolyte deficiency mean?
It could mean an inadequate dietary intake, renal disease, liver disease, or diabetes
87
What is the scope of nutrition?
Malnutrition- Insufficient nutrition- optimal nutrition status- excess nutrition- malnutrition
88
What does malnutrition mean?
That the patient is not getting the necessary amounts of micro and macronutrients that the body needs. Which can happen with low or high intake of calories
89
What defiencies might infants be at risk for?
Vitamin D
90
What can be done for infants with vitamin D deficiencies?
Add suppilments to their breastmilk or formula
91
What deficiencies are adolescents at risk for?
Calcium due to growth spurts along with ED's due to peer and socital standards
92
What percentage of college students are food insecure?
20-50%
93
What does SMART stand for?
Specific Measurable Actionable Realistic/Relevant Time Bound
94
What does suboptimal nutrition mean?
That someone is getting too much or too little of the necessary nutrients
95
What does the term food apartheid mean?
It means that differences in food availability and food security are influenced by structural conditions such as racism and public policy
96
Is micronutrient toxicity more likely to occur with water soluble or fat soluble vitamins?
Fat soluable because they are stored in adipose tissue
97
How long apart can incomplete proteins be eaten to count as/ from complete proteins?
Within 24 hours
98
Should HDL levels be high or low?
High because its heart healthy
99
Should LDL levels be high or low?
Low because they are lousy
100
What kinds of fruits support iron absorbtion?
Citrius fruits
101
What does the duodenum break down?
Trace materials
102
What does the jejunum break down?
Water soluble vitamins, Carbs, and Proteins
103
What does the lleum break down?
fat and fat-soluble vitamins
104
What does the colon break down?
Water

Health and Wellness Across the Lifespan (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions