Exam 2 Flashcards
Neritic Zone
Shallow part of the ocean that extends from the intertidal zone to the continental shelf
Sublitttoral zone
Benthic habitat (habitat on the ground) that extends from the intertidal zone to the continental shelf
What is kelp?
Algae
What are holdfasts, stipes, and blades and what plant are they apart of?
Parts of kelp
Holdfasts - the “root” of the plant that holds on to rocky substrate
Stipe - stem like structure
Blades - leaf like structures that increase surface area
Pneumatocysts - what is it?
Gas filled floats that bring kelp closer to the surface
Kelp has a dominate _____________ generation
Sporophyte
What is unique about the photosynthesis ability of kelp?
They can photosynthesis with all of their tissues and also absorb nutrients and water through all of their tissues
What is it called when organisms shift characteristics like habitat based on life history stage
Ontogenetics
Eutrophication
When there are too many nutrients. Can occur in kelp forests and caused the kelp to get overwhelmed and it can cause an increased amount of turf reef.
Synergistic affects
The total is more than the sum of the parts. When impacts add up (overfishing, warming, increased predation, eutrophication) and an ecosystem cannot handle to combined strain.
Intermediate disturbance hypothesis
The highest species diversity will be found in areas with moderate levels of disturbance.
Too little disturbance - allows dominant species to outcompete others.
Too much disturbance - eliminated species altogether
What ecosystem services do sea grasses provide?
Oxygenation, nursery habitat, primary production, supports herbivores, substrate for epiphytic bacteria (who are nitrogen fixers), carbon sequestration
The epipelagic zone is also known as the
Photic zone
The mesopelagic zone is also knows as the
Twilight/midwater zone
The deep sea is made up of these three sections (in descending order)
Bathypelagic, abyssopelagic, hadalpelagic
The deep is also called the
Midnight zone
Everything under the photic zone is called the
Aphotic zone
What depth range is the epipelagic zone?
0 - 200m
What depth range is the mesopelagic zone?
200 - 1000m
What depth range is the deep sea?
1000 - to bottom (marina trench has deepest point at 10,994m)
What is species richness?
The total number of species present
What is the Shannon index?
A index that takes into account both the richness (number) of species and the evenness of how induviduals are distributed in the community
Simpson index
Takes into account to richness and evenness of the biodiversity of an ecosystem, but emphasized dominance (amount of a common species) and is less sensitive to rare species. Measures the probability that 2 randomly selected induviduals will belong to the same species.
0 is diverse, 1 is not diverse
Carrying capacity
The number of an organism that an ecosystem can support
