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5030: Foundational Concepts of Nursing > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does ISBAR stand for?

A

Introduction
Situation
Background
Assessment
Recommendation

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2
Q

What does ISBARR stand for?

A

Introduction
Situation
Background
Assessment
Recommendation
Read back / Repeat

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3
Q

What should you always end report with?

A

“Do you have any questions for me?”

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4
Q

Name the basic assumptions of communication theory (4)

A

(1) We only know about ourselves through communication
(2) Feedback is the only way we can verify that our perceptions are valid
(3) Faulty communication can have bad results
(4) It is impossible NOT to communicate

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5
Q

The linear model of communication includes what key components?

A

Sender - Message - Receiver
Channel
Noise

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6
Q

Name the 4 modes of communication

A

Verbal, nonverbal, written, electronic

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7
Q

Name the 4 types of communication

A

Aggressive, Passive, Passive-Aggressive, Assertive

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8
Q

The unique reality of each individual based on life experiences

A

Perception

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9
Q

Name the 3 stages of the Perception Process

A

(1) Selection
(2) Organization
(3) Interpretation

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10
Q

What is selective perception?

A

The personal filtering of what we see and hear so as to suit our needs

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11
Q

In Stage 1 of the Perception Process, people are bombarded by _____ and must _____

A

stimuli, select what they want to focus on

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12
Q

In stage 2 of the Perception Process, how do individuals organize stimuli?

A

Based on their personality, knowledge, and past experiences

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13
Q

In the interpretation stage of the Perception Process (stage 3), what happens?

A

Individuals assign meaning to stimuli based on their unique reality

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14
Q

Professional, interpersonal alliance in which the nurse and client join together for a defined period to achieve health-related treatment goals

A

Therapeutic relationship

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15
Q

What is the goal of a therapeutic relationship?

A

Promotion of a person’s health and well-being

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16
Q

Name at least 3 therapeutic communication skills

A

Perseverance
Creativity
Sense of wonder
Integrity
Self-confidence
Humility
Empathy
Critical Thinking

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17
Q

Effective listening is when…

A

the message is received and understood as intended

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18
Q

Name at least 3 non-therapeutic communication traits

A

Getting too personal
Changing the subject
False reassurance
Sympathy, pity
Asking WHY
Defensiveness
Arguing

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19
Q

Name the 4 phases of Therapeutic Relationships

A

(1) Preinteraction phase
(2) Orientation phase
(3) Working phase
(4) Termination phase

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20
Q

_______ phase occurs before meeting the patient

A

preinteraction

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21
Q

The ______ phase is when the nurse and patient meet and get to know each other

A

Orientation

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22
Q

What is the purpose of the working phase in therapeutic relationships?

A

For the nurse and patient to work together to solve problems and accomplish goals

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23
Q

Name 4 things to do during the termination phase of a therapeutic relationship

A

(1) provide separation
(2) ensure smooth transition
(3) review goals / progress
(4) acknowledge, thank

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24
Q

Name at least 3 strategies for communicating with individuals with visual impairment

A

(1) Check for use of glasses / contacts
(2) Identify yourself when entering
(3) Speak in a normal tone of voice
(4) Ensure adequate lighting
(5) Do not rely on gestures

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25
Q

Name at least 3 strategies for communicating with individuals with hearing impairment

A

(1) Check for hearing aids / glasses
(2) Reduce environmental noise
(3) Face patient with mouth visible
(4) Get patient’s attention before speaking
(5) Speak at a normal volume - do not shout
(6) Rephrase rather than repeat if misunderstood

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26
Q

Name at least 3 strategies for communicating with older adults

A

(1) Create space
(2) Slow down
(3) Be present
(4) Listen actively

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27
Q

Name at least 3 strategies for communicating with people with cognitive impairment

A

(1) Simplify message
(2) Accept patient’s message
(3) Allow extra time
(4) Break tasks into simple steps
(5) Use a calming approach
(6) Take a break, try again later
(7) Use pictures

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28
Q

Name 3 methods for digital communication

A

Telephone, text, video

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29
Q

For symptoms of little concern, patient prefer ______ communication

A

telephone

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30
Q

For symptoms of CONCERN, patients prefer _____ communication

A

in-person

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31
Q

If someone is using “you” statements, is controlling, and interruptive, what is their communication style?

A

Aggressive

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32
Q

Honest and clear communication is ____ communication style.

A

Assertive

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33
Q

Someone who avoids conflict, is anxious, and hesitates to stand up for themselves has what communication style?

A

Passive

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34
Q

acting out in anger in indirect ways to show distaste / unhappiness is what communication style?

A

Passive-aggressive

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35
Q

The 5 levels of communication are what?

A

Energetic, emotional, auditory, verbal, and physical

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36
Q

Give 3 examples of communication barriers

A

language, culture, cognitive impairment

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37
Q

Describe at least 3 benefits of an interprofessional team

A

(1) Improved access / coordination
(2) Greater efficiency of client referral
(3) Increased quality
(4) Decrease in complications

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38
Q

Name at least 3 barriers to collaboration among clinicians

A

(1) Hierarchy of professions
(2) Lack of knowledge of the team
(3) Poor communication
(4) Lack of trust
(5) Lack of cultural competency
(6) Inability to resolve conflicts
(7) Structural factors (i.e., time)

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39
Q

Method to settle disagreements peacefully and respectfully, through compromise and accommodation

A

Conflict management / negotiation

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40
Q

We want to share goals and avoid competition with the other party during what?

A

Conflict management / negotiation

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41
Q

Name the 4 approaches for managing conflict

A

(1) Accommodation
(2) Compromise
(3) Avoidance and Competition
(4) Collaboration

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42
Q

Maintaining peace and harmony by smoothing over differences

A

Accommodation

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43
Q

can lead to creativity and new ideas by solving the issue objectively and evaluating all views

A

Collaboration

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44
Q

temporary solution and recognizes the importance of resolving the relationships

A

Compromise

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45
Q

____ and ____ are short-term solutions to conflict

A

Avoidance and competition

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46
Q

A policy adopted by many organizations to describe null, or an absolute, no tolerance for incivility, bullying, harassment, or other acts of intimidation or violence in the workplace.

A

Zero-tolerance policy

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47
Q

Cognitive rehearsal is…

A

a mental rehearsal of adverse / anxiety-producing situations

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48
Q

What are the goals of cognitive rehearsal?

A

Decrease anxiety and improve self-efficacy

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49
Q

What is emotional intelligence?

A

The ability to face, understand, and feel emotions, and act accordingly

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50
Q

Where does patient teaching fall in the nursing process?

A

Starts: Assessment phase
Impactful: Implement phase

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51
Q

Name at least 3 best practices when using a language interpreter

A

(1) Speak directly to the pt
(2) Use short sentences
(3) Speak clearly
(4) Use living room language
(5) Pause often
(6) Use teach-back when necessary

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52
Q

Name at least 3 important considerations when teaching elderly clients (verbal, written, tech)

A

(1) reduce background noise
(2) assure pt is comfortable
(3) make sure pt has aids
(4) dark font on light background!
(5) present 1 topic at a time

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53
Q

3 main goals for patient education

A

(1) Equip individuals to achieve optimal health
(2) Equip pts to be informed to be decision-makers
(3) Improve safety
(4) Reduce costs
(5) Contribute to improved health-related quality of life

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54
Q

Name at least 3 factors that affect a patient’s readiness to learn

A

(1) Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs
(2) Communication skills / abilities
(3) Psychosocial factors

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55
Q

Name at least 3 possible nursing diagnoses r/t patient education

A

(1) Risk diagnosis
(2) Problem-focused diagnosis
(3) Health promotion diagnosis
(4) Knowledge deficit
(5) Sedentary lifestyle

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56
Q

Name at least 3 education delivery methods

A

(1) Verbal 1:1 discussion
(2) Group instruction
(3) Preparatory instruction
(4) Demonstrations
(5) Analogies
(6) Simulation

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57
Q

What are the two main ways to tell if learning has occurred?

A

Demonstrate
Teach-back

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58
Q

The 5 stages of transtheoretical model of change are what?

A

(1) Precontemplation
(2) Contemplation
(3) Preparation
(4) Action
(5) Maintenance

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59
Q

Describe at least 5 ways for patients to become more involved in their treatment

A

(1) Speak up w/ questions or concerns
(2) Pay attention to the care you get
(3) Educate yourself
(4) Ask a trusted family/friend
(5) Know about your meds

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60
Q

Name the 5 categories of SDOH

A

(1) Education access and quality
(2) Health care access and quality
(3) Neighborhood and built environment
(4) Social and community context
(5) Economic stability

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61
Q

Helping individuals maintain or enhance their present health

A

Health promotion

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62
Q

Protects people from actual or potential threats to health

A

Disease / Illness Prevention

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63
Q

Education on a healthy diet is an example of what?

A

Health promotion

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64
Q

Working to better manage hypertension and educating on the risks to high blood pressure is an example of what?

A

Disease / Illness prevention

65
Q

Nonmodifiable risk factors

A

Risk factors that cannot be changed.

66
Q

What are the 3 common modifiable risk factors responsible for the majority of chronic diseases?

A

(1) unhealthy and excessive diet
(2) lack of physical exercise
(3) use of tobacco products

67
Q

The act of intervening before negative health effects occur.

A

Primary Prevention

68
Q

Secondary Prevention

A

To reduce the impact of disease or injury, and limit disability.

69
Q

Tertiary prevention

A

controlling the chronic effects of a health issue that has already occurred and on restoring the individual to optimal functioning

70
Q

Quaternary Prevention

A

protecting clients from the excessive use of medical interventions that can cause more harm than good

71
Q

Name 3 examples of nonmodifiable risk factors

A

(1) Age
(2) Race
(3) Biologic sex
(4) Genetics

72
Q

Name 3 examples of modifiable risk factors

A

(1) Diet
(2) Exercise
(3) Alcohol and tobacco use

73
Q

Health education is an example of _____ prevention

A

Primary

74
Q

Immunizations are an example of what form of prevention?

A

Primary

75
Q

Screening for infection is what form of prevention?

A

Secondary

76
Q

What is the goal of tertiary prevention?

A

Improve abilities and quality of life

77
Q

model of behavior health and behavior change is a model that maps out the stages of change in an individual

A

Prochaska’s Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Health and Change

78
Q

What is the main goal of the Health Belief Model?

A

identify the motivations for someone to make changes.

79
Q

What are two key components of the Health Belief Model?

A

Self-efficacy and action

80
Q

Self-efficacy means

A

confidence that you can affect change

81
Q

Cues to action are important in the Health Beliefs Model because they…?

A

provide information that triggers the action

82
Q

Which model explores the individual characteristics and experiences that are involved in change?

A

Pender’s Health Promotion Model

83
Q

______ model incorporates behavior-specific cognitions and effects to drive behavioral outcomes

A

Pender’s Health Promotion Model

84
Q

Describe the difference between competing demands and preferences in Pender’s Health Promotion Model

A

Competing demands are things that individuals have little control over, while preferences are things that individuals can control.

85
Q

Name the 5 stages of Benner’s Novice to Expert model

A

Novice
Advanced Beginner
Competent
Proficient
Expert

86
Q

Name the 5 components of Kristen Swanson’s Theory of Caring

A

Maintaining Belief
Knowing
Being with
Doing for
Enabling

87
Q

The purpose of the Healthy People program is to …?

A

improve the overall health of Americans.

88
Q

Screening for Blood Pressure is an example of _____ prevention.

A

Secondary

89
Q

Name 3 education domains

A

(1) Cognitive
(2) Psychomotor
(3) Affective

90
Q

_____ is the thinking domain of education

A

Cognitive

91
Q

The ____ domain of education claims that learning is based on _____

A

psychomotor; action

92
Q

Describe affective domain of education

A

Learning is based on emotions and involves client’s feelings

93
Q

Name - in order - Bloom’s Taxonomy from lowest to highest levels

A

Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Evaluation
Synthesis

94
Q

Bloom’s Taxonomy - Knowledge

A

Recalling prior learned knowledge

95
Q

Bloom’s taxonomy - Comprehension

A

Understanding and interpretation of information

96
Q

Bloom’s taxonomy - Application

A

The ability to use data

97
Q

Bloom’s Taxonomy - Analysis

A

The breakdown of information to understand its structure

98
Q

Bloom’s taxonomy - Evaluation

A

Deciding the ideal of the ideas

99
Q

Bloom’s taxonomy - Synthesis

A

Putting the elements together to create a new whole

100
Q

Name at least 2 examples of factors that promote learning

A

Perceived benefit
Enhanced health literacy
Nonjudgmental support
Quiet, low-stim environment
Repetition

101
Q

Name at least 2 factors that hinder / reduce learning

A

Fear, anxiety, and depression
Lack of motivation
Environmental distractions
Psychomotor deficits
Physical discomfort
Timing

102
Q

What is the major difference between complementary and alternative approaches?

A

Complementary approaches are used with conventional medicine, while alternative approaches are treatment modalities that are used instead of conventional medicine

103
Q

Integrative health is an approach that does what?

A

Uses conventional, complementary, and alternative medicine approaches

104
Q

Define Holistic Nursing (ATI)

A

Nursing practices that consider the person, in their entirety, while focusing on the client-nurse relationship and promoting healing, rather than curing any diseases

105
Q

Whole Medical Systems

A

Complete systems that include a defined philosophy and explanation of disease, diagnosis, and therapy

106
Q

Name at least 3 examples of Whole Medical Systems

A

Ayurveda
Homeopathy
Japanese Kampo
Neuropathy
Traditional Chinese Medicine

107
Q

What is Ayurveda?

A

an ancient Indian medical system that emphasizes the balance of mind, body, and spirit to prevent disease

108
Q

The 5 basic elements of Ayurveda are what?

A

Fire
Water
Air
Earth
Sky / Space

109
Q

Name at least 3 Mind and Body therapies that can be used.

A

Massage
Meditation
Mindfulness
Aromatherapy
Acupuncture
Chiropractic
Hypnotherapy

110
Q

Name 5 therapies that nurses can specifically offer

A

(1) Deep breathing
(2) Meditation
(3) Guided imagery
(4) Aromatherapy
(5) Essential Oils

111
Q

What are Never Events?

A

Unambiguous adverse events that should never occur

112
Q

Contaminated drugs, surgery on the wrong part of the body, and metal objects in the MRI are examples of what?

A

Never events

113
Q

Name 3 types of adverse events

A

Preventable
Ameliorable
Adverse d/t negligence

114
Q

Preventable adverse events

A

those that occur d/t error or failure to apply an accepted strategy for prevention

115
Q

Ameliorable events are what?

A

Events that are not preventable but could have been less harmful

116
Q

Adverse events d/t negligence

A

Occur d/t care that falls below the standards expected of clinicians in the community

117
Q

What is the major difference between preventable and ameliorable events?

A

Ameliorable events are NOT preventable

118
Q

Define near miss

A

An unsafe situation that is indistinguishable from a preventable adverse events, except the outcome does not happen.

119
Q

Error

A

Broad term referring to any act of commission or omission that exposes the patients to a potentially hazardous situation

120
Q

the original IHI triple aim includes what?

A

(1) Improved patient experience
(2) Better outcomes
(3) Lower costs

121
Q

What does the Successive Layers of Defenses / Swiss Cheese model represent?

A

Safety and prevention measures

122
Q

The conscientious and judicious use of current best evidence in conjunction with clinical expertise and patient values to guide health care decisions

A

Evidence-Based Practice

123
Q

an approach to improving processes to meet existing knowledge and standards of care

A

QI

124
Q

Research involves generating ____ to answer _____

A

new knowledge; unanswered questions

125
Q

“Discovering the right thing to do”

A

Research

126
Q

“Determining and implementing the right thing to do”

A

EBP

127
Q

“Making the right thing easy to do”

A

QI

128
Q

Name the 5 steps of the EBP process

A

(1) Ask a question
(2) Acquire the evidence
(3) Critically appraise the evidence
(4) Implement EBP
(5) Evaluate EBP

129
Q

PICOT stands for what?

A

Patient / population, or disease
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome
Time

130
Q

The pyramid of evidence goes from lowest to highest:

A

(1) Editorials / Expert Opinion (LOWEST)

(2) Case series, case reports

(3) Case-control studies

(4) Cohort studies

(5) Randomized controlled trials

(6) Meta-analysis and systematic reviews

131
Q

Name at least 3 barriers to nurses using EBP regularly.

A

Insufficient time on the job
Inadequate EBP knowledge and skills
Lack of administrative support
Lack of an EBP mentor
Negative staff attitudes
Resistance to Change

132
Q

What does CUS stand for?

A

(I am) Concerned
(I am) Uncomfortable
(I believe this is a) Safety issue

133
Q

3 examples of herbals that can interfere with / prevent clotting are what?

A

Ginger
Gingko
Ginseng

134
Q

____ lead to barriers to communication and fragmented care, which can negatively impact the processes created to provide safe, effective, seamless care of the clients within the organization.

A

Silos

135
Q

What is the most common form of client education?

A

Individual

136
Q

Communication failures in US hospitals and medical practices were responsible for ___% of all malpractice claims

A

30

137
Q

Communication failures most commonly occur during ____ _____

A

shift change

138
Q

The Joint Commission found ____% of serious medical errors were the result of miscommunication between caregivers during patient handovers

A

80

139
Q

Describes what is currently happening to the client that needs to be addressed

A

Situation

140
Q

Effective communication involves ____ from the sender and receiver

A

feedback

141
Q

Who sets standards for patient and family education?

A

The Joint Commission

142
Q

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

A

Health

143
Q

What percent of a person’s health is estimated to
be due to social determinants of health?

A

50%

144
Q

every person has the opportunity to attain their full health potential

A

health equity

145
Q

promotes a holistic approach to health promotion and disease prevention

A

Healthy People 2030

146
Q

The two influencing variables for illness behavior are what?

A

Internal and externalI

147
Q

Name at least 3 impacts of illness

A

(1) behavioral & emotional changes
(2) body image
(3) self-concept
(4) family roles
(5) family dynamics

148
Q

helps people develop a greater understanding of their health and how to better manage their health risks

A

health education

149
Q

helps individuals maintain or enhance their present health

A

health promotion

150
Q

protects people from actual or potential threats to health

A

illness prevention

151
Q

Any attribute, quality, environmental situation, or trait that increases the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or accident

A

Risk factor

152
Q

Name two ways you can identify risk factors

A

(1) assessment
(2) health risk appraisal forms

153
Q

In the US, at least ____% of hospitals connect with patients using some form of telehealth technology

A

76

154
Q

Studies on the use of technology with patients showed that ___ and ___ are the key components.

A

Relationship building
Comfort using technology

155
Q

Product intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease

A

Drug

156
Q

evidence-based recommendations to be used as guidelines in the medical management of disease processes and in the area of preventative care.

A

Clinical practice guidelines

157
Q

tools used within a health care organization that help nurses manage the delivery of client care for a specific circumstance, category, or disorder.

A

Critical pathways

158
Q

Evidence -based interventions that are typically implemented when caring for a client with a specific disorder

A

Standards of care

5030: Foundational Concepts of Nursing (4 decks)

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