Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
What does ISBAR stand for?
A
Introduction
Situation
Background
Assessment
Recommendation
2
Q
What does ISBARR stand for?
A
Introduction
Situation
Background
Assessment
Recommendation
Read back / Repeat
3
Q
What should you always end report with?
A
“Do you have any questions for me?”
4
Q
Name the basic assumptions of communication theory (4)
A
(1) We only know about ourselves through communication
(2) Feedback is the only way we can verify that our perceptions are valid
(3) Faulty communication can have bad results
(4) It is impossible NOT to communicate
5
Q
The linear model of communication includes what key components?
A
Sender - Message - Receiver
Channel
Noise
6
Q
Name the 4 modes of communication
A
Verbal, nonverbal, written, electronic
7
Q
Name the 4 types of communication
A
Aggressive, Passive, Passive-Aggressive, Assertive
8
Q
The unique reality of each individual based on life experiences
A
Perception
9
Q
Name the 3 stages of the Perception Process
A
(1) Selection
(2) Organization
(3) Interpretation
10
Q
What is selective perception?
A
The personal filtering of what we see and hear so as to suit our needs
11
Q
In Stage 1 of the Perception Process, people are bombarded by _____ and must _____
A
stimuli, select what they want to focus on
12
Q
In stage 2 of the Perception Process, how do individuals organize stimuli?
A
Based on their personality, knowledge, and past experiences
13
Q
In the interpretation stage of the Perception Process (stage 3), what happens?
A
Individuals assign meaning to stimuli based on their unique reality
14
Q
Professional, interpersonal alliance in which the nurse and client join together for a defined period to achieve health-related treatment goals
A
Therapeutic relationship
15
Q
What is the goal of a therapeutic relationship?
A
Promotion of a person’s health and well-being
16
Q
Name at least 3 therapeutic communication skills
A
Perseverance
Creativity
Sense of wonder
Integrity
Self-confidence
Humility
Empathy
Critical Thinking
17
Q
Effective listening is when…
A
the message is received and understood as intended
18
Q
Name at least 3 non-therapeutic communication traits
A
Getting too personal
Changing the subject
False reassurance
Sympathy, pity
Asking WHY
Defensiveness
Arguing
19
Q
Name the 4 phases of Therapeutic Relationships
A
(1) Preinteraction phase
(2) Orientation phase
(3) Working phase
(4) Termination phase
20
Q
_______ phase occurs before meeting the patient
A
preinteraction
21
Q
The ______ phase is when the nurse and patient meet and get to know each other
A
Orientation
22
Q
What is the purpose of the working phase in therapeutic relationships?
A
For the nurse and patient to work together to solve problems and accomplish goals
23
Q
Name 4 things to do during the termination phase of a therapeutic relationship
A
(1) provide separation
(2) ensure smooth transition
(3) review goals / progress
(4) acknowledge, thank
24
Q
Name at least 3 strategies for communicating with individuals with visual impairment
A
(1) Check for use of glasses / contacts
(2) Identify yourself when entering
(3) Speak in a normal tone of voice
(4) Ensure adequate lighting
(5) Do not rely on gestures
25
Name at least 3 strategies for communicating with individuals with hearing impairment
(1) Check for hearing aids / glasses
(2) Reduce environmental noise
(3) Face patient with mouth visible
(4) Get patient's attention before speaking
(5) Speak at a normal volume - do not shout
(6) Rephrase rather than repeat if misunderstood
26
Name at least 3 strategies for communicating with older adults
(1) Create space
(2) Slow down
(3) Be present
(4) Listen actively
27
Name at least 3 strategies for communicating with people with cognitive impairment
(1) Simplify message
(2) Accept patient's message
(3) Allow extra time
(4) Break tasks into simple steps
(5) Use a calming approach
(6) Take a break, try again later
(7) Use pictures
28
Name 3 methods for digital communication
Telephone, text, video
29
For symptoms of little concern, patient prefer ______ communication
telephone
30
For symptoms of CONCERN, patients prefer _____ communication
in-person
31
If someone is using "you" statements, is controlling, and interruptive, what is their communication style?
Aggressive
32
Honest and clear communication is ____ communication style.
Assertive
33
Someone who avoids conflict, is anxious, and hesitates to stand up for themselves has what communication style?
Passive
34
acting out in anger in indirect ways to show distaste / unhappiness is what communication style?
Passive-aggressive
35
The 5 levels of communication are what?
Energetic, emotional, auditory, verbal, and physical
36
Give 3 examples of communication barriers
language, culture, cognitive impairment
37
Describe at least 3 benefits of an interprofessional team
(1) Improved access / coordination
(2) Greater efficiency of client referral
(3) Increased quality
(4) Decrease in complications
38
Name at least 3 barriers to collaboration among clinicians
(1) Hierarchy of professions
(2) Lack of knowledge of the team
(3) Poor communication
(4) Lack of trust
(5) Lack of cultural competency
(6) Inability to resolve conflicts
(7) Structural factors (i.e., time)
39
Method to settle disagreements peacefully and respectfully, through compromise and accommodation
Conflict management / negotiation
40
We want to share goals and avoid competition with the other party during what?
Conflict management / negotiation
41
Name the 4 approaches for managing conflict
(1) Accommodation
(2) Compromise
(3) Avoidance and Competition
(4) Collaboration
42
Maintaining peace and harmony by smoothing over differences
Accommodation
43
can lead to creativity and new ideas by solving the issue objectively and evaluating all views
Collaboration
44
temporary solution and recognizes the importance of resolving the relationships
Compromise
45
____ and ____ are short-term solutions to conflict
Avoidance and competition
46
A policy adopted by many organizations to describe null, or an absolute, no tolerance for incivility, bullying, harassment, or other acts of intimidation or violence in the workplace.
Zero-tolerance policy
47
Cognitive rehearsal is...
a mental rehearsal of adverse / anxiety-producing situations
48
What are the goals of cognitive rehearsal?
Decrease anxiety and improve self-efficacy
49
What is emotional intelligence?
The ability to face, understand, and feel emotions, and act accordingly
50
Where does patient teaching fall in the nursing process?
Starts: Assessment phase
Impactful: Implement phase
51
Name at least 3 best practices when using a language interpreter
(1) Speak directly to the pt
(2) Use short sentences
(3) Speak clearly
(4) Use living room language
(5) Pause often
(6) Use teach-back when necessary
52
Name at least 3 important considerations when teaching elderly clients (verbal, written, tech)
(1) reduce background noise
(2) assure pt is comfortable
(3) make sure pt has aids
(4) dark font on light background!
(5) present 1 topic at a time
53
3 main goals for patient education
(1) Equip individuals to achieve optimal health
(2) Equip pts to be informed to be decision-makers
(3) Improve safety
(4) Reduce costs
(5) Contribute to improved health-related quality of life
54
Name at least 3 factors that affect a patient's readiness to learn
(1) Maslow's Hierarchy of needs
(2) Communication skills / abilities
(3) Psychosocial factors
55
Name at least 3 possible nursing diagnoses r/t patient education
(1) Risk diagnosis
(2) Problem-focused diagnosis
(3) Health promotion diagnosis
(4) Knowledge deficit
(5) Sedentary lifestyle
56
Name at least 3 education delivery methods
(1) Verbal 1:1 discussion
(2) Group instruction
(3) Preparatory instruction
(4) Demonstrations
(5) Analogies
(6) Simulation
57
What are the two main ways to tell if learning has occurred?
Demonstrate
Teach-back
58
The 5 stages of transtheoretical model of change are what?
(1) Precontemplation
(2) Contemplation
(3) Preparation
(4) Action
(5) Maintenance
59
Describe at least 5 ways for patients to become more involved in their treatment
(1) Speak up w/ questions or concerns
(2) Pay attention to the care you get
(3) Educate yourself
(4) Ask a trusted family/friend
(5) Know about your meds
60
Name the 5 categories of SDOH
(1) Education access and quality
(2) Health care access and quality
(3) Neighborhood and built environment
(4) Social and community context
(5) Economic stability
61
Helping individuals maintain or enhance their present health
Health promotion
62
Protects people from actual or potential threats to health
Disease / Illness Prevention
63
Education on a healthy diet is an example of what?
Health promotion
64
Working to better manage hypertension and educating on the risks to high blood pressure is an example of what?
Disease / Illness prevention
65
Nonmodifiable risk factors
Risk factors that cannot be changed.
66
What are the 3 common modifiable risk factors responsible for the majority of chronic diseases?
(1) unhealthy and excessive diet
(2) lack of physical exercise
(3) use of tobacco products
67
The act of intervening before negative health effects occur.
Primary Prevention
68
Secondary Prevention
To reduce the impact of disease or injury, and limit disability.
69
Tertiary prevention
controlling the chronic effects of a health issue that has already occurred and on restoring the individual to optimal functioning
70
Quaternary Prevention
protecting clients from the excessive use of medical interventions that can cause more harm than good
71
Name 3 examples of nonmodifiable risk factors
(1) Age
(2) Race
(3) Biologic sex
(4) Genetics
72
Name 3 examples of modifiable risk factors
(1) Diet
(2) Exercise
(3) Alcohol and tobacco use
73
Health education is an example of _____ prevention
Primary
74
Immunizations are an example of what form of prevention?
Primary
75
Screening for infection is what form of prevention?
Secondary
76
What is the goal of tertiary prevention?
Improve abilities and quality of life
77
model of behavior health and behavior change is a model that maps out the stages of change in an individual
Prochaska's Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Health and Change
78
What is the main goal of the Health Belief Model?
identify the motivations for someone to make changes.
79
What are two key components of the Health Belief Model?
Self-efficacy and action
80
Self-efficacy means
confidence that you can affect change
81
Cues to action are important in the Health Beliefs Model because they...?
provide information that triggers the action
82
Which model explores the individual characteristics and experiences that are involved in change?
Pender's Health Promotion Model
83
______ model incorporates behavior-specific cognitions and effects to drive behavioral outcomes
Pender's Health Promotion Model
84
Describe the difference between competing demands and preferences in Pender’s Health Promotion Model
Competing demands are things that individuals have little control over, while preferences are things that individuals can control.
85
Name the 5 stages of Benner’s Novice to Expert model
Novice
Advanced Beginner
Competent
Proficient
Expert
86
Name the 5 components of Kristen Swanson’s Theory of Caring
Maintaining Belief
Knowing
Being with
Doing for
Enabling
87
The purpose of the Healthy People program is to …?
improve the overall health of Americans.
88
Screening for Blood Pressure is an example of _____ prevention.
Secondary
89
Name 3 education domains
(1) Cognitive
(2) Psychomotor
(3) Affective
90
_____ is the thinking domain of education
Cognitive
91
The ____ domain of education claims that learning is based on _____
psychomotor; action
92
Describe affective domain of education
Learning is based on emotions and involves client’s feelings
93
Name - in order - Bloom’s Taxonomy from lowest to highest levels
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Evaluation
Synthesis
94
Bloom’s Taxonomy - Knowledge
Recalling prior learned knowledge
95
Bloom’s taxonomy - Comprehension
Understanding and interpretation of information
96
Bloom’s taxonomy - Application
The ability to use data
97
Bloom's Taxonomy - Analysis
The breakdown of information to understand its structure
98
Bloom's taxonomy - Evaluation
Deciding the ideal of the ideas
99
Bloom's taxonomy - Synthesis
Putting the elements together to create a new whole
100
Name at least 2 examples of factors that promote learning
Perceived benefit
Enhanced health literacy
Nonjudgmental support
Quiet, low-stim environment
Repetition
101
Name at least 2 factors that hinder / reduce learning
Fear, anxiety, and depression
Lack of motivation
Environmental distractions
Psychomotor deficits
Physical discomfort
Timing
102
What is the major difference between complementary and alternative approaches?
Complementary approaches are used with conventional medicine, while alternative approaches are treatment modalities that are used instead of conventional medicine
103
Integrative health is an approach that does what?
Uses conventional, complementary, and alternative medicine approaches
104
Define Holistic Nursing (ATI)
Nursing practices that consider the person, in their entirety, while focusing on the client-nurse relationship and promoting healing, rather than curing any diseases
105
Whole Medical Systems
Complete systems that include a defined philosophy and explanation of disease, diagnosis, and therapy
106
Name at least 3 examples of Whole Medical Systems
Ayurveda
Homeopathy
Japanese Kampo
Neuropathy
Traditional Chinese Medicine
107
What is Ayurveda?
an ancient Indian medical system that emphasizes the balance of mind, body, and spirit to prevent disease
108
The 5 basic elements of Ayurveda are what?
Fire
Water
Air
Earth
Sky / Space
109
Name at least 3 Mind and Body therapies that can be used.
Massage
Meditation
Mindfulness
Aromatherapy
Acupuncture
Chiropractic
Hypnotherapy
110
Name 5 therapies that nurses can specifically offer
(1) Deep breathing
(2) Meditation
(3) Guided imagery
(4) Aromatherapy
(5) Essential Oils
111
What are Never Events?
Unambiguous adverse events that should never occur
112
Contaminated drugs, surgery on the wrong part of the body, and metal objects in the MRI are examples of what?
Never events
113
Name 3 types of adverse events
Preventable
Ameliorable
Adverse d/t negligence
114
Preventable adverse events
those that occur d/t error or failure to apply an accepted strategy for prevention
115
Ameliorable events are what?
Events that are not preventable but could have been less harmful
116
Adverse events d/t negligence
Occur d/t care that falls below the standards expected of clinicians in the community
117
What is the major difference between preventable and ameliorable events?
Ameliorable events are NOT preventable
118
Define near miss
An unsafe situation that is indistinguishable from a preventable adverse events, except the outcome does not happen.
119
Error
Broad term referring to any act of commission or omission that exposes the patients to a potentially hazardous situation
120
the original IHI triple aim includes what?
(1) Improved patient experience
(2) Better outcomes
(3) Lower costs
121
What does the Successive Layers of Defenses / Swiss Cheese model represent?
Safety and prevention measures
122
The conscientious and judicious use of current best evidence in conjunction with clinical expertise and patient values to guide health care decisions
Evidence-Based Practice
123
an approach to improving processes to meet existing knowledge and standards of care
QI
124
Research involves generating ____ to answer _____
new knowledge; unanswered questions
125
“Discovering the right thing to do”
Research
126
"Determining and implementing the right thing to do"
EBP
127
"Making the right thing easy to do"
QI
128
Name the 5 steps of the EBP process
(1) Ask a question
(2) Acquire the evidence
(3) Critically appraise the evidence
(4) Implement EBP
(5) Evaluate EBP
129
PICOT stands for what?
Patient / population, or disease
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome
Time
130
The pyramid of evidence goes from lowest to highest:
(1) Editorials / Expert Opinion (LOWEST)
(2) Case series, case reports
(3) Case-control studies
(4) Cohort studies
(5) Randomized controlled trials
(6) Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
131
Name at least 3 barriers to nurses using EBP regularly.
Insufficient time on the job
Inadequate EBP knowledge and skills
Lack of administrative support
Lack of an EBP mentor
Negative staff attitudes
Resistance to Change
132
What does CUS stand for?
(I am) Concerned
(I am) Uncomfortable
(I believe this is a) Safety issue
133
3 examples of herbals that can interfere with / prevent clotting are what?
Ginger
Gingko
Ginseng
134
____ lead to barriers to communication and fragmented care, which can negatively impact the processes created to provide safe, effective, seamless care of the clients within the organization.
Silos
135
What is the most common form of client education?
Individual
136
Communication failures in US hospitals and medical practices were responsible for ___% of all malpractice claims
30
137
Communication failures most commonly occur during ____ _____
shift change
138
The Joint Commission found ____% of serious medical errors were the result of miscommunication between caregivers during patient handovers
80
139
Describes what is currently happening to the client that needs to be addressed
Situation
140
Effective communication involves ____ from the sender and receiver
feedback
141
Who sets standards for patient and family education?
The Joint Commission
142
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Health
143
What percent of a person’s health is estimated to
be due to social determinants of health?
50%
144
every person has the opportunity to attain their full health potential
health equity
145
promotes a holistic approach to health promotion and disease prevention
Healthy People 2030
146
The two influencing variables for illness behavior are what?
Internal and externalI
147
Name at least 3 impacts of illness
(1) behavioral & emotional changes
(2) body image
(3) self-concept
(4) family roles
(5) family dynamics
148
helps people develop a greater understanding of their health and how to better manage their health risks
health education
149
helps individuals maintain or enhance their present health
health promotion
150
protects people from actual or potential threats to health
illness prevention
151
Any attribute, quality, environmental situation, or trait that increases the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or accident
Risk factor
152
Name two ways you can identify risk factors
(1) assessment
(2) health risk appraisal forms
153
In the US, at least ____% of hospitals connect with patients using some form of telehealth technology
76
154
Studies on the use of technology with patients showed that ___ and ___ are the key components.
Relationship building
Comfort using technology
155
Product intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease
Drug
156
evidence-based recommendations to be used as guidelines in the medical management of disease processes and in the area of preventative care.
Clinical practice guidelines
157
tools used within a health care organization that help nurses manage the delivery of client care for a specific circumstance, category, or disorder.
Critical pathways
158
Evidence -based interventions that are typically implemented when caring for a client with a specific disorder
Standards of care
