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5030: Foundational Concepts of Nursing > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

Key terms & concepts

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1
Q

Scope of practice

A

setting forth the services or activities that licensed professional are deemed competent and permitted to perform by state law; stipulates activities that nurses can and cannot perform legally

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2
Q

Standards of practice

A

explanatory statements that describe a competent level of care for all RNs

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3
Q

How is reciprocity applied in nursing licensure?

A

the ability to transfer current state license to another, providing the nurse has an initial nursing license and is in good standing

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4
Q

Which states participate in reciprocity?

A

All 50 states.

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5
Q

Self determination

A

the responsibility of each individual to act professionally within their role as a nurse

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6
Q

Policies and Procedures

A

governing rules and regulations established by institutions and organizations which direct nursing practice

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7
Q

Nurse Practice Act

A

Rules and regulations which are determined by each state to guide the delivery of nursing care to clients

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8
Q

Code of ethics

A

interpretive statements that address the values, client obligations, and ideals of the nursing profession

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9
Q

What are the five components of the Model of Professional Nursing Practice Regulation?

A

self determination, policies & procedures, nurse practice act, scope & standards of practice, code of ethics

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10
Q

Which organization created the Model of Professional Nursing Practice Regulation?

A

The ANA

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11
Q

National Academy of Medicine

A

nonprofit private business that provides objective data re: the health of society; emphasizes an evidence-based approach

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12
Q

National Student Nurses Association

A

nonprofit organization created for nursing students to provide an intro to professional development through conventions, networking, etc.

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13
Q

American Nurses Association (ANA)

A

key group for enhancing the nursing profession by encouraging elevated standards, promoting a work environment that is secure and ethical; lobbying for major issues

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14
Q

National League for Nursing (NLN)

A

organization that promotes excellence in nursing education to effectively build a strong and diverse nursing workforce that will advance health; core values = caring, integrity, D&I, and excellence

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15
Q

Who published the first “The Future of Nursing” report?

A

The Institute of Medicine (currently National Academy of Medicine)

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16
Q

What are the goals of “The Future of Nursing” report?

A

To increase the roles, responsibilities, and education of nurses to meet increased nursing demands by:
1) Increase BSN by 80%
2) Increase doctoral degrees by 100%
3) Allow APRNS to practice at full scope
4) Nurses in leadership roles for decisions + collaboration
5) Data systems
6) Diversity in hiring

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17
Q

What is the purpose of the National Academies of Medicine’s “Ending Unequal Treatment”

A

To address racial and ethnic inequities in health and healthcare and how that impacts well-being, premature death, and cost.

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18
Q

What does Healthy Nurse, Healthy Nation mean?

A

It is an initiative to promote healthy lifestyles for nurses by increasing rest, physical activity, quality of life, healthy eating, and safety

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19
Q

How do we address nursing shortages?

A

encouraging nurses to become educators

staffing

protecting safety & well-being

psychosocial support

prioritizing improvement of fair wages and working conditions

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20
Q

Health Promotion

A

empowering people to control and improve their physical and mental health

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21
Q

What is Healthy People 2030?

A

National goals to achieve better health for all Americans

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22
Q

Who created the Healthy People campaigns?

A

The US Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ODPHP)

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23
Q

Impaired Nursing

A

When alcohol or other substances are impairing the nurse’s ability to perform in personal or professional life

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24
Q

What are the 5 strategies to address the opioid epidemic?

A

(1) increased availability and access to Tx and recovery services
(2) greater use of overdose-reversing meds
(3) increased understanding of epidemic through better pub health ed and tracking
(4) support for research on pain and addiction
(5) improved and expanded practices for pain management

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25
Q

Structural Determinants of Health

A

Norms, policies, and institutions that define the social determinants of health

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26
Q

Oppression and structural racism include… (5)

A

(1) exploitation
(2) marginalization
(3) powerlessness
(4) cultural imperialism
(5) violence

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27
Q

Social determinants of health

A

How the environment that you live, work, play, age, etc. impacts a wide range of health, functioning, and quality of life outcomes and risks.

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28
Q

Why are non-healthcare sector partnerships important?

A

We must be equal partners and leaders in collaborating to address structural determinants of health

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29
Q

to improve Societal Commitment to Equity we need…

A

increased education for health professionals

effective curricula for how to address these issues

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30
Q

Cultural awareness

A

The ability and willingness to investigate and understand the differences between perception, belief, traditions, and values w/in the nurse’s own culture and those in other cultures

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31
Q

Cultural diversity

A

broad range of individual, population, and social characteristics (i.e., age, race, ethnicity, gender identity, geo location, language, SES, religion)

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32
Q

Cultural Competence

A

The ability to incorporate effective nursing care with emic and etic knowledge of different cultures

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33
Q

Emic

A

insider view of a culture

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34
Q

Etic

A

outsider view of a culture

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35
Q

Implicit bias

A

the involuntary attitudes or associations that affect our perceptions, actions, decisions, and interactions with others, unconsciously

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36
Q

Health Disparities

A

health outcomes that may be greater or lesser among different and other vulnerable client groups, compared to populations in the majority or dominant populations

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37
Q

What are cultural health assessments?

A

Types of data collection that can be conducted to gather information about the client’s culture and how it can affect their health

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38
Q

What three important aspects of using a medical interpreter?

A

1) Use a medical interpreter that is competent in the patient’s language
2) Address the patient and not the medical interpreter when communicating
3) Do not use family members as interpreters

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39
Q

What is Leininger’s Sunrise Enabler Framework?

A

Cultural assessment tool that is a visual portrayal of diff elements in the larger Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality

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40
Q

What is the purpose of Leininger’s Sunrise Enabler framework?

A

To provide a visual representation for healthcare provides to provide culturally congruent care and enhance health and well-being of all clients at all life stages

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41
Q

What is Category 1 of the Leininger’s Sunrise Enabler Model?

A

Cat 1: upper level - culture and social structure

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42
Q

What are the 3 modes of Care Decisions and Actions in Leininger’s Model?

A

(1) preservation and maintenance

(2) accommodation and negotiation

(3) repatterning and restructuring

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43
Q

Objective data

A

Information that can be observed by the nurse with their senses

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44
Q

Subjective data

A

Information that is collected through client’s feelings, perceptions, and assumptions

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45
Q

Cues

A

Things said or done that signal something; can be objective or subjective

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46
Q

Inference / Hypothesis

A

Well-informed guess of the client situation based on analyzing assessment data; can inform planning phase

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47
Q

Name 3 key considerations when a nurse is reporting and recording data

A

(1) report what is abnormal
(2) document patterns
(3) use quotes when possible
(4) concerns of patient/family
(5) strengths

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48
Q

What is nursing?

A

The diagnosis and tx of human responses; advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and population in recognition of the connection of all humanity.

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49
Q

What is a nursing diagnosis?

A

Diagnoses that nurses can give patients that guides the rest of the nursing process; concrete & evidence-based

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50
Q

NOC stands for

A

Nursing outcomes classification

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51
Q

NIC stands for

A

Nursing interventions classification

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52
Q

What is a medical diagnosis?

A

Made by a doctor or APRN; focuses on patient’s disease or medical condition, or pathologic state

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53
Q

What is the main model for spiritual assessment?

A

FICA

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54
Q

What does FICA stand for and what is it used for?

A

Stands for:
What is your FAITH or belief?
Is it IMPORTANT to you?
Are you part of a COMMUNITY?
How would you like me, as your nurse, to ADDRESS your spirituality or faith in my care?

Used for spiritual assessment

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55
Q

What does SMART stand for in SMART goals?

A

Specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, time-bound

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56
Q

Independent nursing interventions

A

Interventions initiated by nurses; do not need an order from another healthcare professional; autonomous decision, backed by scientific rationale

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57
Q

Dependent nursing interventions

A

Actions that require an order form another healthcare professional

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58
Q

Collaborative/interdependent interventions

A

Required combine knowledge/skill from multiple healthcare professionals

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59
Q

What is Category 2 of Leininger’s Model?

A

Cat 2: rays of sun - basic elements of the assessment

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60
Q

What is Category 3 of Leininger’s Model?

A

Cat 3: central core - interactions among the basic elements

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61
Q

What is Category 4 of Leininger’s Model?

A

Cat 4: focus on individuals, families, groups, communities in diverse health contexts

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62
Q

What is Category 5 of Leininger’s Model?

A

Cat 5: the 3 modes of Care Decisions and Actions

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63
Q

Critical thinking

A

Thought process that is systematic and logical in reviewing information and data, open to reflection, inquiry, and exploration in order to make informed decisions

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64
Q

What are the 6 steps of clinical judgment?

A

Recognize cues
Analyze cues
Prioritize hypotheses
Generate solutions
Take actions
Efvaluate outcomes

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65
Q

Clinical judgment

A

the observed outcome of critical thinking and decision-making

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66
Q

Delegation

A

Assigning a nursing task or procedure to another person who has the training appropriate for that task or procedure

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67
Q

organizational skills

A

activities that allow the nurse to be efficient, accurate in delivering client care

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68
Q

what does SBAR stand for?

A

situation, background, assessment, recommendation

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69
Q

What does SOAP stand for?

A

subjective (data), objective (data), assessment, plan

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70
Q

What is the purpose of SBAR and SOAP?

A

They are tools to provide report on clients.

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71
Q

Client Assignments

A

process of dividing responsibility for care of multiple clients among the nursing staff

72
Q

Acuity Level

A

The requirement of nursing services and the amount of nursing time to meet those requirements; complexity of a client’s condition

73
Q

Direct Care Activities

A

Activities that require client contact

74
Q

Indirect Care Activities

A

Activities that take a great deal of time but do not require direct interaction with the client

75
Q

Direct assignments

A

Nurse is assigned to care for a specific client

76
Q

Area assignments

A

Nurse is assigned to certain zone and care for the clients who temporarily reside there

77
Q

Group assignments

A

Nurse is assigned to a certain group of clients who have been sorted together

78
Q

Group assignments are useful on units with ____ client census

A

larger

79
Q

Discharge Planning

A

Procedure to determine what additional support a client needs in order to be transferred from one care facility to another, or home

80
Q

What does IDEAL stand for?

A

I - Include
D - Discuss (the 5 key areas)
E - Educate the client
A - Assess (if ed was effective)
L - Listen to client’s goals and preferences

81
Q

Teach back

A

A technique to determine the client’s level of understanding by having the client explain back to the nurse the info that was taught

82
Q

What are the five rights of delegation?

A

Right task, right circumstance, right person, right directions & communication, right supervision & evaluation

83
Q

Managing a group of clients

A

Nursing process of organizing delivery of clients’ care tasks among a group of people

84
Q

Team nursing

A

Two or more nurses paired together as a team to care for a group of clients

85
Q

What does STAMP stand for?

A

Staring, Tone and volume of voice, Anxiety, Mumbling, and Pace

86
Q

Name three effective strategies for the nurse to be safe in a potentially abusive situation

A

(1) Speak in a calm tone of voice
(2) Minimize noise
(3) Keep a barrier between the nurse and the client

87
Q

What is the purpose of a Certification?

A

for nurses to demonstrate additional skills in a specialty area

88
Q

Name 3 benefits of a Certification

A

(1) Increases client satisfaction

(2) Reduces risk of errors

(3) Can increase salary or offer promotion

89
Q

Who created the concept of Health Promotion?

A

the WHO

90
Q

What are the 5 categories of health promotion?

A

(1) Establish health policies that support healthy lifestyles
(2) Provide education to empower personal health skills
(3) Build a culture of support
(4) Build strong community resources
(5) Build a holistic healthcare system

91
Q

What is NANDA?

A

Governing body for the nursing community that makes decisions on nursing diagnoses

92
Q

What is the role of an licensed practical nurse (LPN)?

A

They can do everything a CNA can do including wound care and administer medications. They must be supervised by a nurse and have a training program (usually college level or tech, 10 months-1 year) and must pass the NCLEX-PN.

93
Q

What is the role of a certified nursing assistant (CNA)?

A

They are an assistant to a nurse who can take vitals, help with mobility, feeding, and bathing. They must go through a training program and must be supervised by an RN or LPN. Must be 16 years or older.

94
Q

What is the role of a registered nurse (RN)?

A

Nurses can do everything a CNA and LPN can do including tasks that require clinical judgement and decision making, physical exams, health history, health promotion, education, medication admin, and coordination of care.

They must pass the NCLEX-RN.

95
Q

What is the role of an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) and what are the 4 licenses for APRNS?

A

They can do everything an RN can including specialized tasks such as prescribing medications to administering anesthesia.

1) nurse practitioner (CNP); 2) certified nurse-midwife (CNM); 3) clinical nurse specialist (CNS); 4) certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA)

96
Q

What is Benner’s Novice to Expert Framework?

A

It is a framework that describes how a noivce nurse develops nursing knowledge, skills, clinical competence, and comprehension of patient care to become an expert. It’s is dependent on clinical experience and length of time in profession.

Novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, expert

97
Q

Concept

A

Building blocks of a theory; provide a mental image

98
Q

Propositions

A

Statements of the relationship between 2 or more concepts that provides a theory with the ability to describe, explain, or predict

99
Q

Theory

A

set of interrelated concepts, based on assumptions, built on propositional statements

100
Q

What are the 5 categories in Kristen Swanson’s Theory of Caring?

A

(1) Knowing
(2) Being with
(3) Doing for
(4) Enabling
(5) Maintaining belief

101
Q

Name the three types of theories

A

Grand, middle, and micro

102
Q

Which theory types can be used for nursing research?

A

Middle and micro theories

103
Q

Name the 4 parts of the nursing’s standard paradigm

A

person, nursing, health, environment

104
Q

Evidence-based practice

A

The process of using evidence from credible scientific research to guide nursing interventions and clinical judgment.

105
Q

Florence Nightingale contributions

A

hygiene, documentation, evidence-based practice, data collection

106
Q

Who started the American Red Cross?

A

Clara Barton

107
Q

What was Dorothea Dix best known for?

A

Advocacy for mental health and indigenous rights

108
Q

What are the 6 key roles of a nurse?

A

Change agent, advocate, care provider, case manager, researcher, educator

109
Q

Name 4 responsibilities of a nurse manager

A

Budgeting, resolving conflicts, scheduling, client safety

110
Q

Provides an explanation and suggested course of action when there is a change in practice, practice concerns, or a topic related to nursing that needs to be addressed

A

ANA Position Statement

111
Q

Identifies where, when, why, and how nursing occurs and the actions that all nurses are expected to perform competently

A

Nursing Scope and Standards of Practice

112
Q

ANA Principles for Nursing Practice

A

Provides practice info regarding issues such as social media, staffing, and pay for nursing staff

113
Q

Code of Ethics for Nurses

A

Identifies behaviors and practices nurses should abide by to provide quality, ethical care

114
Q

Name 3 roles for nurses in telehealth

A

(1) program development
(2) direct pt and family care
(3) collaboration with healthcare providers

115
Q

State Nurse Practice Acts

A

current laws and regulations governing nursing practice in every state and territory of the United States

116
Q

Who must approve a nursing program before the school can open for enrollment?

A

State Board of Nursing (BON)

117
Q

Set of nursing competencies and proposed targets for the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that all prelicensure nursing students should have attained for entry to practice.

A

Quality and Safety Education for Nursing (QSEN)

118
Q

What are the Bachelor of Science in Nursing Essentials?

A

10 domains that encompass the essentials that outline the expected curriculum content and required competencies that graduates from a baccalaureate program should have

119
Q

The National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) has identified what problem?

A

New nurses are struggling to transition into nursing after school is over.

120
Q

What is the NCSBN Transition to Practice (TTP) model?

A

Program to reinforce new skills and knowledge of the graduate nurse with a preceptor

121
Q

Name the 4 steps in the practical nurse process.

A

Data collection, planning, implementation, evaluation

122
Q

Licensure

A

The method by which the BONs authorize an individual to practice nursing within a specific scope of practice

123
Q

Credentialing

A

Process that provides confirmation of an individual’s abilities to practice as a health professional

124
Q

What is the correct order of credentials after your name?

A

Education (MSN), Licensure (RN), Certification (OCN)

125
Q

The extent to which an individual can obtain, process, and comprehend basic health information is called?

A

Personal Health Literacy

126
Q

The extent to which organizations equitably assist individuals with understanding, finding, and using info to make informed health decisions is called?

A

Organizational Health Literacy

127
Q

What does ADOPIE stand for?

A

Assessment, Diagnosis, Outcomes, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation

128
Q

Validation of data means…

A

The comparison of data with another source to determine data accuracy

129
Q

Food and fluid intake is an example of what?

A

Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC)

130
Q

What is the difference between NOC and client outcomes?

A

NOC is broad; client outcomes are much more specific.

131
Q

Client outcomes should be…

A

patient-centered, singular, SMART, mutual

132
Q

What are the three skills needed for implementing nursing interventions?

A

Cognitive, interpersonal, psychomotor skills

133
Q

T/F - once you start a care plan, you cannot modify it.

A

False. You SHOULD modify the care plan if it’s not achieving the outcomes you are aiming to achieve.

134
Q

OAS, BVC, and BRACHA all help to assess what?

A

Clients who are at risk of being abusive

135
Q

What are Maslow’s 5 Needs?

A

(1) physiological
(2) safety
(3) love and belonging
(4) self-esteem
(5) self-actualization

136
Q

Which of Maslow’s needs are deficiency needs?

A

physiological, safety, love & belonging, and self-esteem

137
Q

What does ABCDE stand for?

A

Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Exposure

138
Q

the nurse must be aware of both expected and unexpected findings for each system to use which prioritization method?

A

ABCDE

139
Q

Name two ways to assess airway

A

Listen for breath sounds
If the client can talk

140
Q

How do you assess breathing?

A

Auscultate the lungs
RR
Cyanosis
Thoracic wall symmetry

141
Q

How do you assess for circulation?

A

Cap refill
Pulse Rate
BP
LOC
changes in skin tone
urine output

142
Q

How do you assess disability?

A

Assess the client’s neurologic status

143
Q

What are you looking for when assessing Exposure?

A

Internal or external bleeding
DVTs
Rashes
Temperature

144
Q

What is the goal of client safety measures?

A

To decrease risks and errors that might potentially occur during the delivery of health care

145
Q

Safety & Risk Reduction Framework

A

Places priority on the situation that will put the client at the greatest safety risk

146
Q

Least Restrictive/Least Invasive Framework

A

Interventions are selected that maintain client safety while producing the least amount of restriction to the client; the nurse chooses interventions that are the least invasive.

147
Q

Priority is given to the client who has a reasonable chance of survival with immediate intervention. This framework is typically used in situations where resources are limited, such as with mass casualties and disaster triage.

A

Survival Potential Framework

148
Q

Resource Allocation

A

The distribution of resources to a service or department.

149
Q

Emergent or Immediate category is what color?

A

Red

150
Q

What does Emergent or Immediate mean for a client?

A

They need attention immediately but also have a good chance of survival

151
Q

Urgent or Delayed category is what color?

A

Yellow

152
Q

What does Urgent or Delayed mean for a client?

A

Clients have a serious injury but it does not have a direct threat on their life.

153
Q

Nonurgent or Minimal category is what color?

A

Green

154
Q

What does nonurgent or minimal mean for a client?

A

The client has minor injuries that do not need to be ASAP addressed

155
Q

Expectant category is what color?

A

Black

156
Q

What does Expectant mean for a client?

A

Clients who are either deceased or not likely to survive

157
Q

What does Acute vs Chronic Framework prioritize?

A

Acute conditions are prioritized over chronic.

158
Q

What does Urgent vs Non-Urgent prioritize?

A

Clients with urgent needs are prioritized over clients with non-urgent needs.

159
Q

What two factors make tasks unable to be delegated?

A

Any tasks that require:
1) Decision making
2) Clinical judgement

160
Q

What is spiritual distress?

A

A state of suffering related to the impaired ability to integrate meaning and purpose in life through connections with self, others, or a superior being

161
Q

Is spiritual assessment required upon history taking?

A

Yes, the Joint Commission mandates that spiritual assessments are performed and documented.

162
Q

What does RAPSAE stand for?

A

R - Recognize cues
A - Analyze
P - Prioritize hypothesis
S - Sugget solutions
A - Act
E - Evaluate outcome

163
Q

What is clinical reasoning?

A

Diagnostic reasoning combined with clinical judgement

164
Q

At this stage, nurses have no background practical experience, only theoretical knowledge. Which stage is this?

A

Novice

165
Q

Nurses that focus on completing all ordered treatments and procedures, not on individualized care are at what stage in Benner’s theory?

A

Advanced Beginner

166
Q

At the ____ stage, nurses devise new procedures and develop new clinical knowledge; more focus on individualized care

A

Competent

167
Q

At the ___ stage, nurses demonstrate abilities for changing situations; take clinical leadership when needed

A

Proficient

168
Q

Nurses who act in a fluid automatic manner are in what stage?

A

Expert

169
Q

Nurturing way of relating to a valued other whom you feel a sense of personal commitment towards

A

Definition of Caring

170
Q

The fundamental belief that someone will get through the current events and transitions they are enduring

A

Maintaining belief

171
Q

Knowing refers to what?

A

The clinical skills and knowledge; level of competency that you can deliver to the client

172
Q

Mutual trust, faithfulness, emotional availability, and patience are traits of which stage of the Theory of Caring?

A

Being with

173
Q

The unique function of a nurse to execute on the behalf of the client when needed

A

Doing for

174
Q

Facilitating the other’s passage through life stages; providing a sense of self-healing

A

Enabling

175
Q

name the 5 external forces of SDOH

A

structural determinants of health

oppression and structural racism

SDOH

non-healthcare sector partnerships

societal commitment to equity

5030: Foundational Concepts of Nursing (3 decks)

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