Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MNT 1 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

REE vs BEE

A

Resting energy expenditure (includes ADLs) vs basal energy expenditure (Straight metabolism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

REE needs decrease by what percent every how many years after age what?

A

by 2% every decade after age 30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Components of Energy expenditure are what?

A

TEE (thermal effect of food), PEE (Physical Activity) and REE (resting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the syndrome that increases ghrelin levels 3-4x mostly in children…treatment?

A

Prader-Willi Syndrome
treatment would be the use of hormones (growth or sex) and increasing muscle mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What regulates food intake and energy balance? (Hormones and parts of the body)

A

The hypothalamus tells us we are full when stomach receptors stretch
GI/pancreatic secretions (insulin, glucagon, glucagon-peptide-1)

Leptin= satiety hormone from adipose tissue
Ghrelin= hunger hormone from the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the two types of adipose tissue, their composition, and the difference between hypertrophy and hyperplasia

A

White adipose tissue is most of our fat tissue and is mostly triglycerides
Brown fat is less and helps regulate body temperature (more BAT is in newborns)

Adipose tissue is metabolically active and release hormones that influence BP, insulin, other bodily secretions, and releases pro-inflammatory cytokines (PG-1&3) resistance

Hyperplasia = growth in number
Hypertrophy = growth in size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Android vs Gynoid fat distribution

A

Android is higher risk for chronic diseases like TTD, HTN, dyslipidemia, CVD

Gynoid is lower risk from lower fat distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List the different BMI categories

A

Underweight: <18.5
Normal: 18.5-24.9
Overweight: 25-29.9
Obese (class 1): 30-34.9
Obese (class 2): 35-39.9
Extreme Obesity: > or = 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What makes an environment Obesogenic?

A

Holidays centered around eating lots of food, plate sizes, accessibility to grocery stores, sidewalks, bike lanes, physical activity availability, work and school environment, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the qualifications for bariatric surgery?

A

BMI >40 or >35 with other comorbidities
Prior education and post-operation care\
Must have met with a dietitian and tried a weight-loss program before surgery
Assessment of the patient’s ability to follow post-op guidelines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List and understand the 4 types of bariatric surgeries

A

Gastric sleeve = adjustable band that shrinks top of stomach slowing digestion
Roux-en-Y = bypasses bottom of stomach and duodenum
Sleeve gastronomy = cuts the stomach vertically down the middle
Duodenal Switch with biliopancreatic diversion = sleeve gastronomy paired with cut off the top of duodenum and attach to bottom of ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Long terms vs short-term weight loss medications and their names

A

Long-term= Orlistat (lipase-inhibitor…blocks breakdown and absorption of lipids)

Short-term appetite suppressants (Belviq and lorcaserin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most common bariatric surgery?

A

Roux-en-Y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Types of Bariatric surgeries? only 3 major categories

A

Restrictive or Malabsorptive or both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List the types of eating disorders and explain differences

A
  1. Anorexia Nervosa (AN) - can be restrictive or binge/purge
  2. Bulimia Nervosa (BN) - can be non-purging or purging
    Purging = vomiting or use of laxatives/enemas
    Non-purging = may compensate with over-exercising or fasting
  3. Bine-Eating Disorder (BED) = does not have any compensating behaviors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List complications that arise with ED and why

A
  • Laxative abuse is a huge driver of hospitalization (electrolyte imbalances)
  • Atrophied GI tract may produce no bowel sounds when listening to GI tract (no food)
  • Atrophied muscle layer in the stomach may cause uncontrolled vomiting due to a weakened stomach
  • Acidic contents from purging can weaken the enamel of teeth, enlarge salivary glands
  • Purging can cause calluses on knuckles ( called Russell sign)
  • Constipation, bloating, and fullness from delayed gastric emptying and atrophied GI tract
  • Lanugo (very fine soft hairs that grow on the skin, like the face, in order for the body to compensate for lack of nutrients and protection)
  • Amenorrhea (loss of period)
  • Hypoglycemia and low sodium/potassium (Hyponatremia and Hypokalemia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What three ID teams are needed for ED treatment (need at least these 3)

A

Dietitian, behavior therapist (BT), and MD to write prescriptions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Possible nutrition diagnoses for Obesity (PES)

A
  • Excessive fat (energy, or alcohol) intake
    – Food and nutrition-related knowledge deficit
    – Disordered eating pattern
    – Undesirable food choices
    – Overweight/obesity
    – Involuntary weight gain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Nutrition Interventions for Obesity

A
  • diet changes
  • weight loss goals (lower kcal/day)
  • nutrition counseling
  • physical activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the syrup that is used to induce vomiting that ED patients misuse?

A

IPECAC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

FTT meaning and most common factor?

A

Failure to thrive (is a medical dx)
inadequate caloric intake
effects cognitive and physiological development

22
Q

Name 3 resources for Malnutrition

A

ASPEN, Abbott, and Nestle

23
Q

These are the underlined ED complications from PPTX for AN

A

Bradycardia (low heart rate)
Lanugo (body hairs)
Hypotension (low SBP)
Russell sign (calluses on knuckles…more so BN)
Amenorrhea
Infertility
Decreased bone mineral density

24
Q

PES Diagnosis examples for ED

A
  • inadequate energy, fat, or vit/min intake
  • predicted suboptimal energy intake
  • limited food acceptance
  • inadequate or excessive fluid intake
  • malnutrition
  • underweight
  • unsupported beliefs/attitudes about food-or nutrition-
    related topics
  • disordered eating patterns
25
Q

Common medication used and treatment for BED/BN

A

Antidepressants
CBT (cognitive behavior therapy)

26
Q

Primary treatments for AN, BN, and BED

A

AN - restore body weight
BN - normalize eating patterns
BED - depends on the individuals specific issues
EN is used as last resort (at risk for refeeding syndrome)

27
Q

List the interrelated diseases for CVD and their acronyms

A
  1. CHD- Coronary Heart Disease is the narrowing of vessels supplying the heart and decreased blood flow… also could be CAD (Coronary artery disease) OR IHD (Ischemic heart disease)
  2. Atherosclerosis ( plaque build-up)
  3. Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) or Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) is the narrowing of blood vessels that do not directly supply the heart and is caused by atherosclerosis
  4. HF OR CHF - the heart does not pump out blood as efficiently. This is irreversible
  5. Hypertension (HTN)
28
Q

List the Hypertension levels

A

normal: <120/<80 (and)
Elevated: 120-129/<80 (and)
Stage 1 hypertension: 130-139/80-89 (or)
Stage 2 hypertension: >/=140/>/=90 (or)
Crisis: >180/>120 (and/or)
mm/Hg

29
Q

Arterial blood pressure is regulated by (short vs long term)

A

Sympathetic nervous system (short)
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System (long)
- also renal function

30
Q

Primary/essential HTN vs secondary

A

Primary: idiopathic yet influenced by inflammatory response, lifestyle factors, and genetics play a role
Secondary: the result of another chronic condition

31
Q

HTN PES Diagnosis examples

A
  • Excessive energy, fat, or sodium intake
  • Inadequate calcium, fiber, potassium, or
    magnesium intake
  • Overweight/obesity
  • Food and nutrition knowledge deficit
32
Q

Lifestyle modifications for HTN intervention

A

DASH
low sodium
physical activity
weight loss
alcohol intake

33
Q

Describe the process of plaque build up in arterial walls

A

monocytes get activated by LDL then become macrophages and engulf the LDL, then get stuck in the LDL and foam cells form, foam cells become fatty streaks, and fatty streaks keep growing as the process continues and that is “plaque” Fatty streaks also contain other lipids, cellular debris and connective tissue.

34
Q

Lipid Panel Numbers

A

<199 Chol … >200 Chol is risk
<150 Trig
< 70 at risk, <100 normal, <130 low risk LDL
40-59 normal >60 HDL

35
Q

Statin Therapy

A

Statins = group of medications to help lower LDL

36
Q

NCEP

A

National Cholesterol Education Program

37
Q

Atherosclerosis medical treatment

A

Catheters (narrow rod with balloon) (Angioplasty)
Stents (like a Chinese finger trap)
^ both are PCI’s (percutaneous coronary interventions)
CABG (Coronary artery bypass graft)

38
Q

Medications for CVD

A

Statin drugs, ACE inhibitors, diuretics, anticoagulants (Warfarin … watch Vit K intake)

39
Q

Angia means

A

pain from reduced blood flow to the heart

40
Q

Coronary means

A

heart

41
Q

TLC meaning, what it targets, and other assessment tools

A

Therapeutic lifestyle changes
targets diet and lifestyle
CAGE and REAP

42
Q

Nutrition diagnosis for Atherosclerosis

A

fat, fiber, weight, physical activity, and food choices

43
Q

Atherosclerosis Intervention

A
  • healthy fats (omega 3s)
  • limit sat/trans fat
  • fiber about 30g/day… increase slowly
  • physical activity
  • weight loss
  • cholesterol
44
Q

Atherosclerosis Monitoring/Evaluation

A

Blood lipid panels
SMART goals

45
Q

Types of tests for CHD/IHD/CAD

A

Angiography (catheter), treadmill test (stress test), and a EKG/ECG electrocardiogram

46
Q

MI/IHD intervention

A

small meals more frequently.

47
Q

Heart Failure Treatment

A

treat underlying cause
pharmaceutic
often patients are malnourished

48
Q

HF Assessment

A

accurate sodium and fluid intake
problems with early satiety and nutrient-drug interactions
any other underlying conditions

49
Q

HF nutritional diagnosis

A

Excessive sodium and/or fluid intake
– Less than optimal intake of saturated fat,
trans fatty acids, and cholesterol
– Inadequate oral food/beverage intake
– Inadequate protein and/or energy intake
– Food-medication interactions
– Impaired ability to prepare foods/meals

50
Q

Why is food safety so important for heart failure patients?

A

From immunosuppressant therapy

51
Q
A

MNT 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions