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Ethnobotany. > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Another Name for Grain?

A

Caryopsis

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2
Q

Single Seeded dry fruit with pericarp fused to seed coat?

A

Grain/ Caryopsis.

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3
Q

What family do grasses belong to?

A

Poaceae

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4
Q

Most of the cereal grasses are what type of time growth?

A

Annuals.

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5
Q

Most of the lawn grasses are what type of time growth?

A

Perennials

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6
Q

What is the Culm of a plant?

A

The hollow stem of a grass/ grain plant.

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7
Q

What food type are prop roots common in?

A

Grains/ Cereal Grasses.

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8
Q

What structure of grass is usually present, but incomplete?

A

The Flowers.
Called florets, born on inflorescence spikelets.

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9
Q

what are the petals sepals reduced to in grass plants?

A

Lodicules.

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10
Q

What Makes up the chaff of the grain?

A

The lemma and palea. Chaff is like the outer husk of the grain.

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11
Q

What makes up bran?

A

The pericarp and the seed coat.

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12
Q

What is in the germ of the grain?

A

Embryo

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13
Q

What are grains mostly composed of?

A

Starch

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14
Q

What is well developed in each grain?

A

Endosperm.

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15
Q

The matting together of tall stalks. Usually a problem of in wet areas.

A

Lodging.

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16
Q

Mature grains scatter in all directions?

A

Shattering

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17
Q

The act of removing the fruits from the bracts, usually by hand?

A

Threshing.

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18
Q

Throwing the grain & chaff mixture into the air to remove the fragments of broken chaff?

A

Winnowing.

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19
Q

Broken grain with some amount of bran removed?

A

Groats.

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20
Q

What are three components of a whole grain?

A

Bran, Germ and Endosperm.

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21
Q

When grain is polished what parts are removed?

A

The bran and germ layers.
Left with endosperm which is mostly starch and very little nutritional value.

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22
Q

What are the five major cereal grains?

A

Rice
Wheat
Corn
Oats
Sorghum

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23
Q

What does Sativa mean?

A

Cultivated.

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24
Q

Which grain is a symbol of fertility in South east Asia?

A

Rice.

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25
Q

What does paddy refer to of Rice water?

A

Still Water.

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26
Q

What Does upland refer to of rice water?

A

Grown with minimal water. Really only occurs in Brazil

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27
Q

What is Beri Beri?

A

Nerve inflammation conditioned caused by overconsumption of only white rice.

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28
Q

What rice was modified to combat beri beri? what does it contain?

A

Golden Rice, Contains Vitamin A.

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29
Q

What rice is most helpful for helping with LDL cholesterol levels?

A

Red Yeast Rice.

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30
Q

What is the Forbidden Rice?

A

Black Rice.

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31
Q

Long grain of rice that does not stick together when cooked?

A

Indica

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32
Q

Short grain of rice which sticks together when cooked?

A

Japonica.

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33
Q

Large grain rice?

A

Javanica.

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34
Q

What is the one of the oldest domesticated plants?

A

Wheat.

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35
Q

What is phrase regarding wheat/ bread product?

A

“staff of life”

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36
Q

What is an advantage of polished grains?

A

Longer shelf life. Bran & germ has some fat which leads to sooner spoilage.

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37
Q

What country is the leading producer of wheat?

A

USA

38
Q

The edible grain of certain grasses?

A

Cereal Grain #1 Food source in humans.

39
Q

What is unique to corn flowers?

A

Unisexual, not bi.

40
Q

What plant part is corn silk?

A

The female flower style.

41
Q

What can a diet of only corn cause?

A

Pellagra- dementia, diarrhea, poor skin etc.
Deficiency in lysine and tryptophan.

42
Q

Excavations from 800 BC Peru have revealed what artifacts?

A

Crafts and such resembling a peanut.

43
Q

What are the four uses of the legume family?

A

Oil/ Dyes.
Fruits and vegetables
medicine
Timber gum and fiber.

44
Q

Who promoted peanuts?

A

Washington Carver

45
Q

Family which produces legumes fruits which dry at maturity
has relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria.
Can be used as an alternate crop?

A

Fabaceae.

46
Q

Which peanut type has less oil? Spanish or Virginia?

A

The Virginia peanut has lass oil.
Spanish peanuts used in peanut butter.

47
Q

What part of peanut flower elongates?

A

The gynophore.

48
Q

Name for lentils (usually dry) cooked into a dish?

A

Dahl

49
Q

What is the dry mesocarp of carob used for?

A

Chocolate substitute.

50
Q

Which grain is also known as water oats?

A

Rice.

51
Q

Wheat rye hybrid?

A

Triticale.

52
Q

Name two pseudo grains

A

Buckwheat, amaranth, Quinoa. These are achenes, not poaceae.

53
Q

What cereal grass is known as “broom Corn”?

A

Sorghum

54
Q

What is the smallest grain?

A

Teff -hard/ not poss to polish.

55
Q

What are the three gluten free grains from the family poaceae?

A

Corn, Millet, and rice. (Sorghum)

56
Q

What is the rice genus?

A

Triticum.

57
Q

Two most common grown types of wheat?

A

Bread wheat and durum (pastas).

58
Q

Sex of corn ear and flower?

A

Ear female- Silk is the style
Flower - male.

59
Q

Some products of corn?

A

Corn starch/ Flour/ meal/ syrup.
Ethanol
Biodegradable plastics.
Kernel after roasting can be coffee substitute- no caffeine

60
Q

What did the romans/ older times consider poor people food and used as animal feed?

A

Oats. 95% of oats are still used as animal feed and the stem as a straw bedding.

61
Q

Bract/ leaf structure outside and below the spiklet/ incomplete inflorescence of a grain?

A

The glume. Other bracts are the lemme and palea which directly support the flower and form the floret.

62
Q

Hulled oats name?

A

Groats- can be eaten unrefined.

63
Q

What is it called when oats are cut before rolling?

A

Quick rolled or steel cut.

64
Q

What amino acid is abundant in oats and lacking in other cereal grains?

A

lysine.
They can also help lower cholesterol levels.
They have very little gluten- not conductive to making bread.

65
Q

What cultures use oats in their celebration dishes?

A

Scottish.

66
Q

What is Sorgo (US)/ Great Millet (Africa)/ Cholam (India)?

A

Sorghum.

67
Q

How is sorghum used in India and Africa?

A

Used in flatbreads/ grain flour, beer butyl alcohol. Adhesives.

68
Q

What are common uses of sorghum?

A

Adhesives, Molasses, Brooms, Cattle fodder.

69
Q

Where is the broom capitol of the world?

A

Arcola, Illinois.
They use the grain part as popcorn/ animal feed.

70
Q

What is a non-grain yielding grass?

A

Sugar Cane.

71
Q

Where is the major cultivator of Brazil?
Where was OG use?

A

Brazil.
India.

72
Q

What religion celebrates the sun god? with what?
Name of celebration?

A

Hindu.
Grain Harvest.
India called Pongal celebration 4 days.
Pongal is also a dish made from rice and sugar cane.
Boiling over represents abundance and prosperity.

73
Q

What was the primary sweetener in Europe pre-sugar cane?

A

Flower honey.

74
Q

How is sugar produced VS other plants?

A

Sugar is propagated by setts.

75
Q

Dry edible seeds of legumes?

A

Pulses.

76
Q

What is the main protein source of vegans?

A

Pulses.

77
Q

how to minimize effects of gas from pulses?

A

Soak and rinse.

78
Q

What is a part of lentil called?

A

Cotyledon

79
Q

What are pease and beans?

A

Legumes.

80
Q

What are cowpeas?

A

Black eyed peas.

81
Q

What is peanut cake?

A

Peanut cattle food.

82
Q

Place with peanut statue?

A

Oklahoma.

83
Q

Who supported soy bean use?

A

Henry ford.

84
Q

Why can’t we consume raw soybean?

A

Trypsin which interferes with food absorption.

85
Q

Which legume has protein most similar to meat?

A

Soy bean- even gets used in imitation mean recipes.

86
Q

What is nicknames cow without bones?

A

Soy beans.

87
Q

What are the two legume trees?

A

Carob and Tamarind- produce edible pods.

88
Q

What legume does “inidian date” refer to?

A

Tamarin due to its flavor profile being similar.

89
Q

What legume is in reference to jewelry carats?

A

The carob, This is because the seeds are so uniform in weight.

90
Q

outgrowths on roots of legumes where nitrogen fixing bacteria live.

A

Nodules.

91
Q
A

Ethnobotany. (3 decks)

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