Exam 2 Flashcards
Another Name for Grain?
Caryopsis
Single Seeded dry fruit with pericarp fused to seed coat?
Grain/ Caryopsis.
What family do grasses belong to?
Poaceae
Most of the cereal grasses are what type of time growth?
Annuals.
Most of the lawn grasses are what type of time growth?
Perennials
What is the Culm of a plant?
The hollow stem of a grass/ grain plant.
What food type are prop roots common in?
Grains/ Cereal Grasses.
What structure of grass is usually present, but incomplete?
The Flowers.
Called florets, born on inflorescence spikelets.
what are the petals sepals reduced to in grass plants?
Lodicules.
What Makes up the chaff of the grain?
The lemma and palea. Chaff is like the outer husk of the grain.
What makes up bran?
The pericarp and the seed coat.
What is in the germ of the grain?
Embryo
What are grains mostly composed of?
Starch
What is well developed in each grain?
Endosperm.
The matting together of tall stalks. Usually a problem of in wet areas.
Lodging.
Mature grains scatter in all directions?
Shattering
The act of removing the fruits from the bracts, usually by hand?
Threshing.
Throwing the grain & chaff mixture into the air to remove the fragments of broken chaff?
Winnowing.
Broken grain with some amount of bran removed?
Groats.
What are three components of a whole grain?
Bran, Germ and Endosperm.
When grain is polished what parts are removed?
The bran and germ layers.
Left with endosperm which is mostly starch and very little nutritional value.
What are the five major cereal grains?
Rice
Wheat
Corn
Oats
Sorghum
What does Sativa mean?
Cultivated.
Which grain is a symbol of fertility in South east Asia?
Rice.
What does paddy refer to of Rice water?
Still Water.
What Does upland refer to of rice water?
Grown with minimal water. Really only occurs in Brazil
What is Beri Beri?
Nerve inflammation conditioned caused by overconsumption of only white rice.
What rice was modified to combat beri beri? what does it contain?
Golden Rice, Contains Vitamin A.
What rice is most helpful for helping with LDL cholesterol levels?
Red Yeast Rice.
What is the Forbidden Rice?
Black Rice.
Long grain of rice that does not stick together when cooked?
Indica
Short grain of rice which sticks together when cooked?
Japonica.
Large grain rice?
Javanica.
What is the one of the oldest domesticated plants?
Wheat.
What is phrase regarding wheat/ bread product?
“staff of life”
What is an advantage of polished grains?
Longer shelf life. Bran & germ has some fat which leads to sooner spoilage.
What country is the leading producer of wheat?
USA
The edible grain of certain grasses?
Cereal Grain #1 Food source in humans.
What is unique to corn flowers?
Unisexual, not bi.
What plant part is corn silk?
The female flower style.
What can a diet of only corn cause?
Pellagra- dementia, diarrhea, poor skin etc.
Deficiency in lysine and tryptophan.
Excavations from 800 BC Peru have revealed what artifacts?
Crafts and such resembling a peanut.
What are the four uses of the legume family?
Oil/ Dyes.
Fruits and vegetables
medicine
Timber gum and fiber.
Who promoted peanuts?
Washington Carver
Family which produces legumes fruits which dry at maturity
has relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria.
Can be used as an alternate crop?
Fabaceae.
Which peanut type has less oil? Spanish or Virginia?
The Virginia peanut has lass oil.
Spanish peanuts used in peanut butter.
What part of peanut flower elongates?
The gynophore.
Name for lentils (usually dry) cooked into a dish?
Dahl
What is the dry mesocarp of carob used for?
Chocolate substitute.
Which grain is also known as water oats?
Rice.
Wheat rye hybrid?
Triticale.
Name two pseudo grains
Buckwheat, amaranth, Quinoa. These are achenes, not poaceae.
What cereal grass is known as “broom Corn”?
Sorghum
What is the smallest grain?
Teff -hard/ not poss to polish.
What are the three gluten free grains from the family poaceae?
Corn, Millet, and rice. (Sorghum)
What is the rice genus?
Triticum.
Two most common grown types of wheat?
Bread wheat and durum (pastas).
Sex of corn ear and flower?
Ear female- Silk is the style
Flower - male.
Some products of corn?
Corn starch/ Flour/ meal/ syrup.
Ethanol
Biodegradable plastics.
Kernel after roasting can be coffee substitute- no caffeine
What did the romans/ older times consider poor people food and used as animal feed?
Oats. 95% of oats are still used as animal feed and the stem as a straw bedding.
Bract/ leaf structure outside and below the spiklet/ incomplete inflorescence of a grain?
The glume. Other bracts are the lemme and palea which directly support the flower and form the floret.
Hulled oats name?
Groats- can be eaten unrefined.
What is it called when oats are cut before rolling?
Quick rolled or steel cut.
What amino acid is abundant in oats and lacking in other cereal grains?
lysine.
They can also help lower cholesterol levels.
They have very little gluten- not conductive to making bread.
What cultures use oats in their celebration dishes?
Scottish.
What is Sorgo (US)/ Great Millet (Africa)/ Cholam (India)?
Sorghum.
How is sorghum used in India and Africa?
Used in flatbreads/ grain flour, beer butyl alcohol. Adhesives.
What are common uses of sorghum?
Adhesives, Molasses, Brooms, Cattle fodder.
Where is the broom capitol of the world?
Arcola, Illinois.
They use the grain part as popcorn/ animal feed.
What is a non-grain yielding grass?
Sugar Cane.
Where is the major cultivator of Brazil?
Where was OG use?
Brazil.
India.
What religion celebrates the sun god? with what?
Name of celebration?
Hindu.
Grain Harvest.
India called Pongal celebration 4 days.
Pongal is also a dish made from rice and sugar cane.
Boiling over represents abundance and prosperity.
What was the primary sweetener in Europe pre-sugar cane?
Flower honey.
How is sugar produced VS other plants?
Sugar is propagated by setts.
Dry edible seeds of legumes?
Pulses.
What is the main protein source of vegans?
Pulses.
how to minimize effects of gas from pulses?
Soak and rinse.
What is a part of lentil called?
Cotyledon
What are pease and beans?
Legumes.
What are cowpeas?
Black eyed peas.
What is peanut cake?
Peanut cattle food.
Place with peanut statue?
Oklahoma.
Who supported soy bean use?
Henry ford.
Why can’t we consume raw soybean?
Trypsin which interferes with food absorption.
Which legume has protein most similar to meat?
Soy bean- even gets used in imitation mean recipes.
What is nicknames cow without bones?
Soy beans.
What are the two legume trees?
Carob and Tamarind- produce edible pods.
What legume does “inidian date” refer to?
Tamarin due to its flavor profile being similar.
What legume is in reference to jewelry carats?
The carob, This is because the seeds are so uniform in weight.
outgrowths on roots of legumes where nitrogen fixing bacteria live.
Nodules.
