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Health & wellness > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is physical fitness

A

enables us to perform up to our potential, the functioning of the heart/lungs/muscles

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2
Q

4 components of physical fitness

A

Aerobic = capacity to deliver oxygen & nutrients to tissues & remove waste, long periods.
Muscular = strength & endurance of muscles.
Flexibility = move joints through full ROM, improve posture
Stability & balance = core muscle strength

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3
Q

Benefits of exercise

A

Boost brain power
Melts away stress
Gives you energy
Help build relationships
Ward off disease
Pumps your heart
Lets you eat more
Boosts performance

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4
Q

Principles of exercise

A

SPECIFICITY- specific training to outcome, e.g. runner needs to run to get better.
OVERLOAD increase workload
ADAPTATION - adjust to demand, vary workouts
PROGRESSION - gradual increase of intensity/volume

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5
Q

What is overtraining

A

pushing beyond recovery capacity, cause decrease in performance

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6
Q

Two muscle fibre types

A

Slow twitch (type 1) - use oxygen, extended period of time, marathon runners.

Fast twitch (type 2) - 2a = both aerobic/anaerobic e.g. 800/1500. 2b = anaerobic, short bursts of power e.g. sprinter

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7
Q

What is included in a balanced fitness programme

A

cardio respiratory endurance = 20 mins target HR, 3-5 days per week

muscular strength & endurance = major muscle groups, 2/3 sessions per week

flexibility = stretching 2/3 times week

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8
Q

RICE

A

REST
ICE
COMPRESS
ELEVATE

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9
Q

Female anatomy & main hormones

A

uterus
ovaries
fallopian tubes
vagina
clitoris
estrogen & progesterone

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10
Q

Male anatomy & hormone

A

penis
testes
scrotum
prostate
seminal vesicle
testosterone

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11
Q

main difference between male & female anatomy

A

men have a prostate and women don’t

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12
Q

Hormone regulation

A

produced by testes & ovaries
pituitary gland & hypothalamus pay crucial roles

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13
Q

Stages of the menstrual cycle

A

Menses - day 1-5 = menstruation
Estrogenic - day 6-13 = walls build up
Ovulation - day 14 = egg is released
Progestational - day 15-27 = egg travels

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14
Q

Menstrual problems and how to reduce the symptoms

A

Dysmenorrhea = problem with the cycle
Amenorrhea = absence of period
Premenstrual syndrome & premenstrual dysphoric disorder = emotional response

reduce symptoms - limit salt intake, exercise, no alcohol/tobacco, nutritious diet & relax

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15
Q

How much later do boys hit puberty than girls

A

girls around 10/11 years old, Boys 2 years later around 12/13

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16
Q

What is the menopause & when does it occur

A

end of a woman’s reproductive years, ovaries cease function, decrease in oestrogen levels
between 45-55 years old
increase in health risks

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17
Q

Aging men

A

decrease in testosterone affecting sexual function, sperm slow down

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18
Q

What 3 factors is sexual function influenced by

A

physical = direct contact & arousal
psychological = mental
emotional

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19
Q

Phases of sexual response

A

Excitement = increased heart rate, blood flow to genitals

Plateau = intensified arousal, tension & HR

Orgasmic = involuntary muscle contraction, release of sexual tension

Refractory = sexual stimulation in males doesn’t lead to another orgasm

Resolution = return to resting state

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20
Q

Male erection

A

vasocongestion of penis
testes increase in size
sperm & semen expelled = ejaculation
erection subsides

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21
Q

Female orgasm

A

uterus elevates, clitoris enlarges
uterus contracts
labia change color & swell
uterus lowers

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22
Q

Female sexual health problems

A

vaginitis - inflammation of vagina
endometriosis
pelvic inflammatory disease

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23
Q

Male sexual health problems

A

prostatitis
testicular cancer

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24
Q

Male sexual dysfunctions

A

erectile dysfunction
premature ejaculation
retarded ejaculation

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25
Q

Female sexual dysfunctions

A

vaginismus
orgasmic dysfunction

26
Q

Treatment of sexual dysfunctions

A

behavioural therapy
relaxation techniques
psychosocial interventions

27
Q

Purpose of contraception

A

prevents conception by blocking the females eggs from uniting with male sperm to prevent pregnancy

28
Q

What are the 4 types of contraception

A

Barrier
Hormonal
Natural
Surgical

29
Q

Oral contraceptive (hormonal)

A

the pill
oestrogen & progesterone
mimics hormonal activity of corpus luteum
9% failure rate

30
Q

Contraceptive patch (hormonal)

A

releases hormones through skin
replace weekly
8% failure rate

31
Q

Vaginal ring (hormonal)

A

hormonal ring inserted into vagina
replaced monthly
8% failure rate

32
Q

Implants (hormonal)

A

flexible matchstick capsules
5 year protection
0.9% failure rate

33
Q

Advantages & disadvantages of hormonal contraceptive methods

A

+ = no interruption on sex, lighter periods, reduce acne & cramps

  • = no protection against STD’s, irregular periods & can cause weight gain
34
Q

IUD (barrier & hormonal)

A

device inserted into uterus
paragard = 10yrs, copper
mirena = 5yrs, hormones
0.8% failure rate

35
Q

Advantages & disadvantages of IUD

A

+ = very effective

  • = invasive, painful to install, irregular period, irritation of uterus wall & no protection from STD’s
36
Q

Male condoms (barrier) advantages & disadvantages

A

22% failure rate (high failure rate)
+ = easy to access, less expensive
- = interrupt sex, have to use every time

37
Q

Abstinence (natural)

A

having no sex
0% failure rate
+ = no chance of STD’s or pregnancy

38
Q

Fertility awareness method (natural)

A

calendar/temp/mucus method
22% failure rate
hard to know exactly when would be the right time, few safe days with a regular period

39
Q

Male sterilisation (vasectomy) (surgical)

A

severing of vasa deferential (sperm tunnel)
semen tested 12wks after/20 ejaculations (get rid of old sperm)
0.15% failure rate

40
Q

Female sterilisation

A

cut fallopian tubes (stop eggs travelling)
1.8% failure rate

41
Q

Advantages & disadvantages of surgical methods

A

+ = low failure rate, permanent
- = invasive, hard to reverse (a forever decision)

42
Q

History of abortion in the US

A

mid 1800s = pre 20wks was legal

1900s = all states made it illegal

1973 = Roe vs Wade

Supreme Court - 3 trimesters, 1 = abortion up to woman & doctor, 2 = state regulate abortion, 3 = ban abortions that aren’t life threatening to the mum.

43
Q

Current abortion issues

A

2007 = partial birth (force baby to be born before its viable) abortion ban act, freedom of choice act in senate.

2008 = planned parenthood

44
Q

Pro life

A

life begins at conception, fertilised egg is a human. Abortion is deemed murder.

45
Q

Pro choice

A

women have the right to make their own choice. distinct stages of feral development.

46
Q

What are the two main methods of abortion

A
  1. surgical - go in & terminate, 33%
  2. medical - take a pill, 67%
47
Q

Miscarriage/spontaneous abortion

A

embryo/fetus dies in the uterus & is expelled. 50%

48
Q

Induced abortion

A

ending a pregnancy voluntarily

49
Q

Mifepristone/misoprostol method (medical)

A

initial dose - blocks progesterone
2 days later - dose of misoprostol - induces contractions.
92-95% effective
side effects - nausea, intestinal problems

50
Q

Advantages & disadvantages of medical abortion methods

A

+ = effective, not invasive
- = painful, moodiness, long process

51
Q

Suction curetage (surgical)

A

cervix is stretched, suction machine & tube empties the uterus, curette scrapes uterus walls.
6th to 12th wk
90% of abortions

52
Q

Manual Vacuum Aspiration (surgical)

A

gentle suction using syringe
within 4/5wks of last cycle (very early)
cheap, not as invasive

53
Q

Dilation & evacuation (surgical)

A

post 13th to 24th wk
fetus scrambled inside using instruments

54
Q

advantages & disadvantages of surgical methods

A

+ = fast procedure
- = invasive

55
Q

Complications/side effects of abortion

A

fever, abdominal pain, swelling, backache, heavy bleeding, foul smelling vaginal discharge etc

56
Q

What are the 7 major sexually transmitted diseases

A

Viral (never go away) = HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, herpes & HPV.

Bacterial (clear up) = syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhoea.

57
Q

What does HIV & AIDS stand for

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

58
Q

Why is HIV/AIDS the worst viral disease

A

leading cause of death globally
approx 65 million infected
25 million deaths due to AIDS
viral infection leading to sever immune deficiency

59
Q

Where does HIV/AIDS live & how is it transmitted

A

can only live in cells & bodily fluids
transmitted through sexual contact, direct exposure to infected blood & from mother to child during childbirth.

60
Q
A

Health & wellness (2 decks)

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