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Health & wellness > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

wellness

A

optimal health & vitality

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2
Q

dimensions of wellness

A

physical, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, social & environmental

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3
Q

components of wellness

A

persistent thought, positive expectations, stress response, physical activity & generosity

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4
Q

infectious disease

A

communicable from 1 person to another

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5
Q

chronic disease

A

develop & continue over a period of time

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6
Q

US leading cause of death

A

heart disease & cancer

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7
Q

healthy people 2020

A

increase quality & years of life
eliminate health disparities

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8
Q

wellness factors

A

health habits, heredity, environment & access to health care

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9
Q

wellness profile

A

managing stress, relationships, diet, understanding illness

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10
Q

motivation for change

A

boost self efficacy (locus of control, visualisation, self talk & role models)

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11
Q

stages of change model

A

precontemplation
contemplation
preparation
action
maintenance
termination

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12
Q

chain of infection

A

pathogen
reservoir
portal of exit
means of transmission
portal of entry
new host

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13
Q

body’s defence system

A

physical & chemical = skin/mucus
immune system = lymphocytes

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14
Q

histamine

A

dilation of blood vessels (heat, redness & swelling)

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15
Q

incubation

A

virus multiply, no symptoms till 2nd/3rd stage

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16
Q

prodromal period

A

infected host gains immunity

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17
Q

immunisation

A

‘priming’ the body to remember encounter with specific antigen

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18
Q

active vaccine

A

killed/weakened pathogen to make the body produce antibodies

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19
Q

passive vaccine

A

inject antibodies produced by other human

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20
Q

acquired vaccine

A

memory lymphocytes to remember previous infection

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21
Q

bacteria

A

single celled organisms, pneumonia

22
Q

protozoan

A

malaria

23
Q

autoimmune disease

A

immune system attacks its own cells

24
Q

how many & what are the essential nutrients

A

45 nutrients
carbs, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals & water

25
Q

what do we overconsume

A

calories, fats, sugar, sodium, alcohol, cholesterol

26
Q

kilocalorie

A

measure of energy

27
Q

metabolism

A

energy for vital processes

28
Q

carbohydrates (simple & complex)

A

primary energy source for the body
simple = monosaccharides/dissacharides
complex = polysaccharides/fiber

29
Q

fiber (dietary & functional)

A

non digestable carb
dietary = naturally in plants, aids digestion
functional = isolated from natural source

30
Q

dietary fat & functions

A

nutrients containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen & other elements
energy for work, human cell structure, shock absorber, essential fatty acids

31
Q

saturated, unsaturated, trans fat

A

saturated = single bond, solid at room temp
unsaturated = 1+ double bonds, liquid
trans = good shelf life

32
Q

omega 3 fatty acids

A

fish/walnuts/flaxseed etc

33
Q

effects of fats

A

triglyceride levels, inflammation, heart rhythm, blood pressure

34
Q

dietary protein

A

complex organic compound containing nitrogen

35
Q

functions of protein

A

build/repair tissue, form part of hormones, antibodies, maintain fluid balance

36
Q

amino acids

A

building blocks of proteins
9 = essential, food
11 = non essential, produced

37
Q

complete, incomplete & complementary protein

A

complete = contain all essential, chicken
incomplete = don’t supply all essential
complementary = taken together & provide essential

38
Q

vitamins & their functions

A

organic, fat & water soluble, 13 total
promote growth & development, regulate chemical reactions

39
Q

minerals & their function & ones we are lacking

A

inorganic, 17 essential, major & trace
structural support, fluid balance, heart rhythm
lacking - iron, calcium, potassium & magnesium

40
Q

water & its function

A

most essential nutrient, 60% body weight
body temp, transport nutrients/waste, maintain blood volume

41
Q

antioxidants

A

reduce adverse effects of free radicals
vitamin c & e

42
Q

free radical

A

damage cells & DNA
e.g. burnt food

43
Q

phytochemical

A

naturally occurring in plants, prevent/treat chronic diseases
fruit/veg - cruciferous, soy sauce

44
Q

dietary reference intakes

A

nutrient intake level to prevent deficiencies & chronic diseases

45
Q

how much is 1 pound of fat

A

3500 calories

46
Q

body composition

A

lean body mass & body fat

47
Q

energy balance

A

calories in, energy out (exercise, digestion, resting metabolism)

48
Q

body mass index

A

weight in pounds x 703/ height in inches squared

49
Q

methods to determine body fat

A

hydrostatic = underwater
skinfold
electrical impedance analysis
scanning procedures = CT, MRI etc

50
Q

health risks of excess body fat

A

reduce life expectancy
hypertension
cancer
type 2 diabetes

51
Q

abdominal obesity

A

waist measurement around stomach

52
Q
A

Health & wellness (2 decks)

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