Exam 2

Question 1

how to find amt. of stereoisomers present?

Answer 1

2^n

Question 2

what pka is favored?

Answer 2

higher pka

Question 3

nucleophile

Answer 3

-negative usually
-usually have lots of lone pairs

Question 4

acid

Answer 4

-hydrogen bonded to electronegative
-must be positive
-acid stronger if H bonded to more electronegative
-stronger if more resonance can be drawn of negative conjugate base

Question 5

electrophile

Answer 5

-seek out e-
-basically acid

Question 6

base

Answer 6

-need a lone pair
-must be negative
-strong if basic atom is more electropositive
-fewer resonance structures, stronger base

Question 7

what does a higher activation energy mean?

Answer 7

slower

Question 8

exergonic

Answer 8

releases energy
always spontaneous

Question 9

endergonic

Answer 9

gains energy
always nonspontaneous

Question 10

G is always negative if…

Answer 10

negative H
positive S

Question 11

G is always positive if…

Answer 11

positive H
negative S

Question 12

G is probably negative if…

Answer 12

negative H
negative S

Question 13

G is probably positive if…

Answer 13

positive H
positive S

Question 14

K>1

Answer 14

G neg
exergonic

Question 15

K=0

Answer 15

G= 0

Question 16

K<1

Answer 16

G positive
endergonic

Question 17

Acid Base rxn

Answer 17

A proton (H+) is transferred from one molecule to another

Question 18

Addition

Answer 18

-pi bond broken
-new sigma bond forms to each of the two atoms formerly involved in the pi bond

Question 19

Elimination

Answer 19

-pi bond forms
-2 sigma bonds break

Question 20

Substitution

Answer 20

Sigma bond to an atom breaks but new sigma bond to that atom forms

Question 21

Rearrangement

Answer 21

A new isomer of a molecule is formed

Question 22

Rearrangement

Answer 22

A new isomer of a molecule is formed