exam 1 w25 Flashcards
alcohol to halide
-HBr or HCl= Br+H2O
-SOCl2/benzene w/N= Cl +SO2 + Cl-
-PBr3= —Br and __H
alcohol to alkene
tert.- H2SO4= OH>CH2
sec.- H2SO4= double bond E1 OR POCL3/benzene w/ N= double bond E2
oxidation of alcohols
PCC, DMP
or CrO3, KMnO4 brings all the way
- OH > =o> =o and OH
epoxide shortcut grignard
-epoxide/H3O+= CH2CH2OH
naming ethers- alkoxy group
RO
naming ethers- methoxy group
CH3O
naming ethers- ethoxy group
CH3CH2O
ether rxns- prim. or sec. ??
do an SN2 rxn
ether rxns- tert., allyl, or benzyl ??
do an SN1 rxn
when to do williamson ether synthesis
do when one side primary
when to do alkoxymercuration/demercuration
do when neither side has a primary
williamson ether synthesis steps
phenol
1. NaOH to remove H from OH
2. Br with R group
no benzene:
1. NaH to remove H
2. Br with R group
alkoxymercuration/demercuration steps
- (CH3CO2)2, Hg, H2O
- NaBH4
= OH and H
or - (CF3CO2)2, Hg, ROH
- NaBH4
= OR and H
markovnikov
SN1
sec. and tert.
SN2
prim. and sec.
(EAS) halogenation
Cl2 (or Br2)/ AlCl3= Cl +HCl
(EAS) nitration
HNO3/H2SO4= NO2 +H2O
(EAS) sulfonation
SO3/H2SO4= S=O=O-OH
EDG
-O,P director
-if atom attached to ring is more electroneg. than those attached then it is pulling e- towards itself, donating e- into the ring
-more activating EXCEPT halogens are weakly deactivating
EWG
-M director
-if atom attached to ring is less electroneg. than those attached, then it is pulling e- away.
-with at least one electroneg., is moderately deactivating. With multiple electroneg. or “+” is strongly deactivating
