Exam 2 Flashcards
What is mania?
High or euphoric mood that is clearly excessive and if often accompanied by inappropriate and potentially dangerous behavior, irritability, pressure or rapid speech and a false sense of well-being
What is hypomania “mild mania”?
distinct increase in mood but not as elevated as a manic episode. Overly talkative, excitable or irritable. No impulsive acts or gross lapses of judgment
What is cyclothymic disorder?
Alternate between hypomanic and depressive symptoms. Episodes are not as sever as mania or major depression but more chronic. Symptoms must last for at least 2 ears
What is bipolar 1?
full blown mania alternates with major depressive episodes can also include a single manic episode without periods of depression
What is bipolar II?
Hypomania alternates with episodes of major
What is Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
Persistent sad or low mood that is severe enough to impair a person’s interest in or ability to engage in normally enjoyable activities
How does MDD look in children?
Can look like irritability or hostility
What are some affects of MDD?
Changes in sleep, appetite and sexual drive. Feelings of worthlessness or guilt, increased risk of self-harm an suicide
What is the difference between MDD and Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD)?
In PGD death took place 1+ years ago and persistent grief response and symptoms are present nearly every day for the last month
What is Dysthymia (Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD))?
Chronic state of depression with the same symptoms as MDD but less severe and more chronic
What is the difference between MDD and PDD?
MDD is episodic with period of euthymia (normal mood) while PDD is not
What is double depression?
When people with PDD have major depressive episodes, associated with poorer long-term outcomes and higher relapse risk
What is the most common psychiatric disorder in the US?
MDD
What the difference of MDD between men and women?
It affects twice as many women as men
What is the heredity of MDD?
first degree relatives of people with depression are 2-3 times more likely to experience depression
What is Beck’s triad?
Negative views about self
Negative views about World
Negative views about the future
What is dichotomous thinking?
all or nothing thinking
What is IPSRT for Bipolar disorder?
promotes adherence to daily routines. Coached to get out/in bed at same times everyday
What do tricyclic antidepressants for depression do?
Prevent reuptake of neurotransmitters (norepinephrine and serotonin) and neurotransmitters stay in synapse longer, increasing their availability for activation of next neuron
What is anxiety?
characterized by physical symptoms and/or thoughts or worries that something bad will happen. Physical, cognitive and behavioral
What is autonomous nervous system?
Sympathetic nervous system & parasympathetic nervous system
What is the difference between fear and anxiety?
Fear is motivated by specific stimuli while origins of anxiety are unknown/unclear
What is GAD?
excessive worry lasting more days than not and at least 6 months. Worries about external dangers
What are some effects of GAD?
muscle tension, restlessness, sleep distrubance, difficulty concentrating
What are panic attacks?
Discrete period of intense fear physical arousal. Can be expected or unexpected
What is social anxiety disorder?
marked fear of social situations that may involve scrutiny by others
What is a specific phobia?
marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation that leads to significant disruption in daily functioning
What is vasovagal syncope (with blood injection injury phobia)
Slow heart rate and blood pressure that can lead to fainting
What is PTSD?
persistent avoidance of stimuli involved in traumatic event. Has negative alterations in cognitions and alterations in arousal and reactivity
What is amygdala?
related with experiencing stress
What is anxiety-sensitive model of fear acquistion
general fear of physiological symptoms and belief that those bodily symptoms have negative consequences
What are cognitive theories of fear?
anxiety disorders develop because people misinterpret ambiguous situations as dangerous, leading to physiological and cognitive distress
What is in vivo exposure?
real life experiences with feared stimuli/situation
What are automatic thought?
“I’m a failure” “I have no willpower” They tend to be extreme and counterproductive and produce negative feelings
How do you differentiate between normal anxiety and anxiety disorder?
first look at functional impairment, then developmental age and then sociodemographic and SES factors
