Exam 1

Question 1

What are the 4 D’s of psychological disorders?

Answer 1

dysfunction, dangerous, distress, deviance

Question 2

What is culture bound syndrome?

Answer 2

Describes psychological symptoms or disorders that were specific to a particular location or group

Question 3

What is downward drift?

Answer 3

impairment that results from a psychological disorder (inability to sleep, addiction to alcohol) leads to job loss or limited educational achievement

Question 4

What are the most common psychological disorder?

Answer 4

Anxiety and depression

Question 5

What is developmental trajectory?

Answer 5

Common symptoms of a disorder vary according to a person’s age

Question 6

What is ID?

Answer 6

Basic instinctual drives, totally unconscious (urges and activities are outside of our awareness) pleasure seeking

Question 7

What is EGO?

Answer 7

copes with reality, obeys the “reality principle”

Question 8

What is SUPEREGO?

Answer 8

imposes moral restraint on impulses, tries to inhibit ID

Question 9

What is the diathesis-stress model

Answer 9

the assumption that certain people may have preexisting vulnerability to certain psychological disorders

Question 10

What is behaviorism?

Answer 10

all behavior to be learned as a result of experiences or interactions with the environment

Question 11

What is psychoanalysis?

Answer 11

a comprehensive theory that attempts to explain the full continuum of behavior. Psychoanalysis revolves around the belief that everyone has unconscious thoughts, feelings, desires, and memories. Founded by Frued

Question 12

What is the cognitive perspective?

Answer 12

psychological disorders result primarily from distorted cognitive (mental) processes, not internal forces or external events

Question 13

Categorial

Answer 13

classify sets of disorders into categories (ex: anxiety, depression, neurodevelopmental disorders)

Question 14

Dimensional

Answer 14

more complex, disorders exist on a continuum

Question 15

Process of assessment

Answer 15

start with referral questions, decide which assessment procedures to use (can include biological function, cognition, emotion, behavior) integrate finding to develop answers

Question 16

What factors should be consider in assessments?

Answer 16

consider medical conditions, age, symptoms when selecting assessment

Question 17

What is a false positive?

Answer 17

test suggests patient is depressed but patient is not

Question 18

What is a false negative?

Answer 18

test suggests patient is not depressed but patient is

Question 19

What is outcome evaluation?

Answer 19

regular evaluation of patients progress

Question 20

What is screening?

Answer 20

identifies potential psychological problems or predict risk of future problems, uses a brief measure (PHQ-9)

Question 21

What is reliabilty?

Answer 21

same results every time

Question 22

What is validity?

Answer 22

identifying what we want to (testing for depression, scores depression)

Question 23

When to rely on clinical judgement vs statistics?

Answer 23

you want to rely on statistical prediction (evidence based, more accurate) unless there is not relevant statistical data or new hypotheses need to be developed

Question 24

What are objective personality tests?

Answer 24

Asks the person being tested to answer a series of standardized questions

Question 25

What is a subjective personality tests?

Answer 25

Requires the person being tested to respond in an unstructured way to a series of images

Question 26

What is comorbidity?

Answer 26

the presence of more than one disorder

Question 27

What is deinstitutionalization?

Answer 27

removing mentally ill from hospitals

Question 28

What is beneficence?

Answer 28

strive to benefit patients and not harm

Question 29

What is integrity?

Answer 29

promote honesty and truthfulness in their science, teaching and practice

Question 30

What is justice?

Answer 30

promote fairness and equality

Question 31

What is respect?

Answer 31

value worth of everyone and respect rights to privacy, confidentiality, self-determination

Question 32

What is fidelity?

Answer 32

seek to establish trusting relationships, aware of responsibilities to patients, society, etc.

Question 33

What is privilege?

Answer 33

prevents therapist from disclosing confidential info during legal proceedings