Exam 1 Flashcards
What are the 4 D’s of psychological disorders?
dysfunction, dangerous, distress, deviance
What is culture bound syndrome?
Describes psychological symptoms or disorders that were specific to a particular location or group
What is downward drift?
impairment that results from a psychological disorder (inability to sleep, addiction to alcohol) leads to job loss or limited educational achievement
What are the most common psychological disorder?
Anxiety and depression
What is developmental trajectory?
Common symptoms of a disorder vary according to a person’s age
What is ID?
Basic instinctual drives, totally unconscious (urges and activities are outside of our awareness) pleasure seeking
What is EGO?
copes with reality, obeys the “reality principle”
What is SUPEREGO?
imposes moral restraint on impulses, tries to inhibit ID
What is the diathesis-stress model
the assumption that certain people may have preexisting vulnerability to certain psychological disorders
What is behaviorism?
all behavior to be learned as a result of experiences or interactions with the environment
What is psychoanalysis?
a comprehensive theory that attempts to explain the full continuum of behavior. Psychoanalysis revolves around the belief that everyone has unconscious thoughts, feelings, desires, and memories. Founded by Frued
What is the cognitive perspective?
psychological disorders result primarily from distorted cognitive (mental) processes, not internal forces or external events
Categorial
classify sets of disorders into categories (ex: anxiety, depression, neurodevelopmental disorders)
Dimensional
more complex, disorders exist on a continuum
Process of assessment
start with referral questions, decide which assessment procedures to use (can include biological function, cognition, emotion, behavior) integrate finding to develop answers
What factors should be consider in assessments?
consider medical conditions, age, symptoms when selecting assessment
What is a false positive?
test suggests patient is depressed but patient is not
What is a false negative?
test suggests patient is not depressed but patient is
What is outcome evaluation?
regular evaluation of patients progress
What is screening?
identifies potential psychological problems or predict risk of future problems, uses a brief measure (PHQ-9)
What is reliabilty?
same results every time
What is validity?
identifying what we want to (testing for depression, scores depression)
When to rely on clinical judgement vs statistics?
you want to rely on statistical prediction (evidence based, more accurate) unless there is not relevant statistical data or new hypotheses need to be developed
What are objective personality tests?
Asks the person being tested to answer a series of standardized questions
What is a subjective personality tests?
Requires the person being tested to respond in an unstructured way to a series of images
What is comorbidity?
the presence of more than one disorder
What is deinstitutionalization?
removing mentally ill from hospitals
What is beneficence?
strive to benefit patients and not harm
What is integrity?
promote honesty and truthfulness in their science, teaching and practice
What is justice?
promote fairness and equality
What is respect?
value worth of everyone and respect rights to privacy, confidentiality, self-determination
What is fidelity?
seek to establish trusting relationships, aware of responsibilities to patients, society, etc.
What is privilege?
prevents therapist from disclosing confidential info during legal proceedings
