exam 2

Question 1

Oral Cavity-Buccal

Answer 1

(stratified squamous epithelium) and Sublingual
(simple squamous epithelium)

Question 2

Esophagus

Answer 2

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 3

trachea

Answer 3

psuedostratified squamous epithelial cells

Question 4

Stomach

Answer 4

columnar epithelial cells,
mixed with other cell types like mucus producing goblet cells, and
parietal (acid secreting) and enterochromaffin-like (histamine
secreting) cells.

Question 5

The Small and Large Intestines

Answer 5

lined with predominantly
columnar epithelial cells.

Question 6

Rectum

Answer 6

upper (simple columnar) and lower (stratified
squamous non-keratinized region transitioning to stratified
squamous keratinized region near the anal sphincter) half.

Question 7

role of stomach

Answer 7

-digest food and control flow
-fasted pH <3
-fed pH 5 to 7
-4 phases of emptying
-no cycle for fed

Question 8

what are the three regions of the stomach

Answer 8

Fundus (gas), Body(reservoir) ,Antrum(lowest part funnel)

Question 9

what are the three chemical reactions that cause drug degradation

Answer 9

-oxidation( reduction)
- hydrolysis
-photolysis

Question 10

how to avoid oxidation

Answer 10

-lower the temperature to slow reaction
-reduce the change in temperature
-control the pH with buffers
-light protection
-cleating agents: EDTA remove metal ions&raquo_space; they can cause oxidation
-antioxidants can remove free radical produced by oxidation

Question 11

how can hydrolysis be prevented

Answer 11

• removed moisture with absorbents
• lyophilization ( freeze drying) because water is reduced
  -non- hygroscopic salt- some solids absorb water are hydroscopic (AVOID)
  -control pH

Question 12

muscularis mucosae layers

Answer 12

muscularis
epithelial
lamina propria

Question 13

proximal colon

Answer 13

drugs that are coated are digested here
because it has the correct pH

Question 14

serousa

Answer 14

-squamous epithelium covered with adipose tissue

Question 15

muscularis externa

Answer 15

inner circular muscular layer and incomplete longitudinal later

Question 16

upper rectum

Answer 16

simple columnar

Question 17

lower rectum

Answer 17

stratified squamous keratinized that transitioning into non-keratinized

Question 18

buffer capacity

Answer 18

influences drug solubility

Question 19

bioavailability

Answer 19

amount absorbed in the body

Question 20

absolute bioavailability

Answer 20

same drug compared to IV injection

Question 21

relative bioavailability

Answer 21

compared to the RLD

Question 22

bioequivalent

Answer 22

NOT the therapeutic effect is equivalent