Exam 2 Flashcards
What should an NA do when a resident is first admitted
Prepare the room for the resident so that they feel expected and welcome
How should an NA introduce themselves to a new resident
Smile and be friendly
How should an NA handle a resident’s personal items
With care and respect
What is another step in the admission process that an NA needs to do
Measure the resident’s baseline vital signs
What are baseline signs
Initial values that can then be compared to future measurements
How can a resident’s height be measured
Using a tape measure, make two pencil marks on the sheet under the resident, one at the top of the head, and one at the feet, and measure the distance between them
What can an NA help a resident with before a transfer
Packing the resident’s personal items
What can an NA do to ease the worry of a resident who is leaving
Be positive and reassuring, reminding residents that the doctors believed they were ready to leave
What is crucial for NAs to do in a standard resident unit
Ensure that the call light is within reach of the resident’s stronger hand and be able to answer all call lights immediately
Why is sleep important for residents
When a person is sleep-deprived or suffers from insomnia or other sleep disorders, problems result
What is insomnia
The inability to fall asleep or remain asleep
What problems can result from sleep deprivation, insomnia, or other sleep disorders
Decreased mental function, reduced reaction time, and irritability
When should linens be changed
After personal care procedures like bed baths, or any time any bedding is damp, soiled, or in need of straightening
How should linen be removed
By folding or rolling it up so that the dirtiest area is inside to lessen contamination
Residents may or may not be able to care for themselves. What is it important for NAs to do
Help residents be as independent as possible
What is true of all people who have cared for themselves in the past
They have routines for personal care and activities of daily living. They also have preferences for how they are done
What is true of residents with restricted mobility
They are at an increased risk of skin deterioration at pressure points
What does immobility do
Reduces the amount of blood that circulates to the skin
What is true of pressure infections
They can lead to life-threatening infections
What is the purpose of bed cradles or foot cradles
They keep the bed covers from resting on residents’ legs and feet
What should NAs not do in terms of fingernail care
They shouldn’t cut or trim a resident’s fingernails or toenails unless allowed or directed to do so
What is the name for the side of the body that may have been impacted by a stroke or injury
Weaker, affected, or involved side
What is oral care
Care of the mouth, teeth, and gums
How often should oral care be done
At least twice every day –> After breakfast and after the last meal or snack of the day
What helps prevent aspiration during oral care
Turning a resident on their side
What should be use to clean the mouth during oral care
Only swabs soaked in tiny amounts of fluid
Where should dentures be placed after cleaning
Completely submerged in a clean, labeled denture cup with solution or moderate/cool water
What should a denture cup be labeled with
The resident’s name and room number
What is the normal adult mouth temperature range
97.6 - 99.6
What is the normal pulse rate for adults
60-100 beats per minute
What is the normal respiratory rate for adults
12-20 respirations per minute
What is the normal range for adult systolic blood pressure
90-119 mmHg
What is the normal range for adult diastolic blood pressure
60-79 mmHg
What is considered the most accurate temperature reading
A rectal temp
What is considered the least accurate temperature reading
An axillary temp
Who should an oral temperature not be measured on
A confused or disoriented resident
What is the most common site for monitoring the pulse
The radial pulse on the inside of the wrist, where the radial artery runs just beneath the skin
What is a stethoscope
An instrument designed to listen to sounds within the body, such as the heart beating or air moving through the lungs
What is the name for sounds within the body
Ausculation
Where is the apical pulse
On the left side of the chest, just below the nipple
What should be done after measuring apical pulse
Immediately record pulse rate, date, time, and method used (apical) as well as any irregularities in rhythm
When is the respiratory rate usually counted and why
Directly after counting the pulse rate because people tend to breath quicker if they know they’re being observed
What is another word for high blood pressure
Hypertension
What is high blood pressure
Elevated systolic and/or diastolic blood pressures
Is pain the same for everyone
No. Pain is a personal experience which is different for each person
What should an NA do with IV lines
Report and document any observations of changes or problems with the line. They should never insert, remove, or care for the IV line or site
What is an oxygen concentrator
A box-like device that changes air in the room into the air with more oxygen
What does a healthy diet do
Promotes the healing of wounds
What is the most essential nutrient for life
Water, which is needed by every cell in the body
What is a good source of calcium without added saturated fat
Low-fat milk or yogurt
What is the purpose of a high-residue diet
To help with constipation and bowel disorders
What is another term for a high-residue diet
A high-fiber diet
What types of food and liquids should be consumed by residents with swallowing problems
Thickened liquids and foods with a modified texture
Do residents have to wear a clothing protector
No, they have the right to refuse one, and their wishes should be respected
What is the ideal position for a resident to eat in
WIth the head of the bed raised so the resident is sitting in an upright sitting position (at 90 degree angle)
What is one sign/symptom of a swallowing problem
Watering of the eyes when eating or drinking
What is the general recommendation for daily fluid intake
64 fluid ounces (8 8-ounce glasses)
What is fluid balance
Maintaining equal input and output, or taking in and eliminating equal amounts of fluid
What is the conversion for ounces to mL
1 oz = 30 mL
What does NPO mean
Nothing by mouth (food or drink)
How many mL is in 8 oz
240
What is a good guideline to prevent dehydration
Encourage residents to drink every time you see them
What does offering fresh fluids do
Help prevent dehydration and promote health
Should NAs force fluids
No, but they should encourage them
What is the normal color of urine
Light, pale yellow, or amber
What are the traits of normal urine
It should be clear or transparent when freshly voided and have a faint smell
What psychological factors can affect urination
Lack of privacy, new environments, stress, anxiety, and depression
What is a fracture pan used for
Residents who can’t assist with raising their hips into a regular bedpan
How should a standard bedpan be positioned
With the wider end aligned with the resident’s buttocks
How should a fracture pan be positioned
With the handle toward the foot of the bed
What is urinary icontinence
The inability to control the bladder, which leads to an involuntary loss of urine
When can urinary incontinence occur
In residents who are confined to the bed, ill, elderly, paralyzed, or who have circulatory or nervous system diseases or injuries
How should females be wiped after elimination to prevent UTIs
From front to back
What is another term for the clean-catch specimen
The midstream specimen (CCMS)
What is a clean-catch specimen
It doesn’t include the first or last urine voided in the sample to reduce contamination of the specimen
What natural things can make stool red
Red food coloring, beets, and tomato juice
What are signs of constipation
Abdominal swelling, gas, irritability, and no recent bowel movement
How can diarrhea be treated
With the BRAT diet
What is the BRAT diet
Bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast
How long should a resident wait after eating before lying down
Two to three hours
What is an important step in collecting a stool specimen
When the resident is ready to move their bowels, ask them not to urinate at the same time and not to put toilet paper in the sample
What does occult mean
Something that is hidden or difficult to see or observe
When should an NA report a pulse-ox reading to the nurse
When it is below 90 (89 or below)
