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CNA Training > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the length of stay of most LTC patients

A

Over 2/3 of LTC residents stay six months or longer

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2
Q

What is a major cause of admission to care facilities

A

Dementia and other mental disorders

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3
Q

What is a procedure

A

A method, or way, of doing something (e.g. explains what form to complete, when and how often to fill it out, and to whom it is given)

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4
Q

What should NAs not discuss with residents or families

A

Personal problems

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5
Q

What should NAs not take from residents or their families

A

Money or gifts

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6
Q

How long is the window for surveys open for LTCs

A

9-15 months

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7
Q

What happens if an LTC doesn’t fill out a survey

A

The surveyor can just show up with no warning

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8
Q

What is an RN

A

In a long-term care facility, a registered nurse coordinates, manages, and provides skilled nursing care

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9
Q

What is an LPN or LVN

A

A licensed practical nurse or licensed vocational nurse administers medications and gives treatments

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10
Q

What does the care team revolve around

A

The resident and their condition, goals, priorities, treatment, and progress

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11
Q

What does it mean to show sympathy

A

To share in the feelings and difficulties of others

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12
Q

What is a benefit of the chain of command

A

It protects employees and employers from liability

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13
Q

What does the scope of practice define

A

The roles, responsibilities, and procedures that are within the knowledge, training, and legal definition of a profession

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14
Q

Is the information that NAs collect usueful

A

Yes: The information that NAs collect, such as vital signs, and the changes that they observe are important in determining how care plans may need to change

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15
Q

What is the difference between laws and ethics

A

If ethics tell people what they should do, laws tell them what they must do

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16
Q

What is one of Resident’s most important rights

A

That their information is kept confidential by all team members

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17
Q

What is OBRA

A

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act

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18
Q

Why was OBRA passed

A

In response to reports of poor care and abuse in long-term care facilities

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19
Q

What are the requirements of CNA certification

A

NAs must complete at least 75 hours of training that covers topics such as communication, preventing infections, safety and emergency procedures, and promoting residents’ independence and legal rights

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20
Q

What is psychological abuse

A

Emotional harm caused by threatening, scaring, humiliating, intimidating, isolating, or insulting a person, or treating an adult as a child

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21
Q

How should NAs act in terms of abuse

A

NAs must never abuse residents in any way, and they must also try to protect residents from others who abuse them

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22
Q

What is 1 sign of abuse and neglects that NAs must observe and report

A

Scalp tenderness or patches of missing hair

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23
Q

What is another one of resident’s rights

A

That an NA msut always explain a procedure to a resident before performing it

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24
Q

What is an ombudsman

A

In LTCs in the US, an ombudsman is assigned by law as the legal advocate for residents

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25
Q

What does respecting confidentiality mean for an NA

A

NAs should not share information about residents with anyone other than the care team

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26
Q

When did congress pass the HIPAA act

A

In 1996

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27
Q

What does HIPAA stand for

A

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

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28
Q

What was one reason HIPAA was passed

A

To help keep health information private and secure

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29
Q

Why is it imporant for NAs to ask residents questions

A

To find out what is appropriate and to always respect resident’s choices, beliefs, and behaviors

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30
Q

Should an NA use medical terminology with residents or their families

A

No

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31
Q

How should the NA communicate when the resident tells them something

A

When the resident is finished, the NA should reestate the message in their own words to make sure they understood

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32
Q

How can an NA communicate caring

A

By softly patting a resident’s hands or shoulders or holding their hands

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33
Q

What is objective information

A

Based on what a person sees, hears, touches or smells

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34
Q

How is objective informaiton collected

A

Using the senses

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35
Q

What is another term for objective information

A

Signs

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36
Q

What is subjective information

A

Something a person cannot or did not observe (perhaps based on something that the resident reported that may or may not be true)

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37
Q

What is another word for subjective information

A

Symptoms

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38
Q

What are two signs or symptoms that an NA should reported immediately

A

Chest pain and/or high fever

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39
Q

What is 1 reason why careful documentation is so imporant

A

It is the only way to guarentee clear and complete communication among all members of the care team

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40
Q

When should an NA document care

A

Immediately after it is given

41
Q

How should time be written in documentation

A

Using the 24-hour clock/military time

42
Q

How should the position of objects be described to residents with vision impairment

A

Using the face of an imaginary clock

43
Q

How should an NA speak when dealing with a resident exhibiting combative behavior

A

Remain calm and lower their voice

44
Q

How should an NA respond to a resident exhibiting innapropriate behavior

A

If a resident is in any embarassing situation, the NA should remain professional. They shouldn’t overreact because it could reinforce the bad behavior

45
Q

When do microorganisms appear

A

They are always present in the environment in almost everything a person touches

46
Q

What are some standard precautions for handwashing

A

Wash hands before putting on gloves and again immediately after removing them

47
Q

What are standard precautions for glove wearing

A

Wear gloves if you may come into contact with blood, body fluids or secretions, broken or open skin (e.g. abrasions, acne, cuts, stitches, or staples), or mucous membranes

48
Q

Why are standard precautions used

A

They are used with every resident to promote safety

49
Q

What is the most common way for healthcare-associated infections to be spread

A

Via the hands of healthcare workers

50
Q

What are bloodborne pathogens

A

Microorganisms found in human blood (can also be in certain other body fluids, draining wounds, and mucous membranes) that cause infection and disease in humans

51
Q

What is TB

A

A highly contagious airborne disease

52
Q

How can TB be spread

A

When the infected person talks, coughs, breathes, sings, laughs, or sneezes

53
Q

How can NAs help prevent the spread of MRSA

A

By practicing proper hygiene (handwashing with soap and warm water)

54
Q

What does disorientation mean

A

Confusion about person, place, or time (oriented x3 means they know all, oriented x1 means they know who they are and nothing else, etc.)

55
Q

What is the first guideline to prevent falls

A

Clear all walkways of clutter, trash, throw rugs, and cords

56
Q

What must happen before residents can be given care or served food

A

They have to be identified

57
Q

What can be done to guard against choking

A

Residents should eat in as upright a position as possible

58
Q

Should NAs interact with a resident’s oxygen

A

Yes, they should stop, adjust, or administer oxygen

59
Q

What is a main fire hazard

A

Any type of open flame near oxygen

60
Q

What does OSHA require for chemicals

A

That all chemicals have a safety data sheet (SDS) or material safety data sheet (MSDS)

61
Q

What is the safety data sheet/material safety data sheet

A

It details the chemical ingredients, chemical dangers, and safe handling, storage, and disposal procedures for the product

62
Q

What can be considered enables or physical restraints and when

A

Raised side rails on beds and geriatric chairs with tray tables depending on the intended use and resident’s condition and abilities

63
Q

What must happen if a restraint is needed

A

A doctor must order it

64
Q

What must be done with a restrained resident

A

They must be monitored constantly and checked at least every 15 minutes

65
Q

What is the base of support

A

The fondation that supports an object, for the body, the feet

66
Q

What allows for more stability when standing

A

Wider support, standing with legs shoulder-width apart, and a lower center of gravity

67
Q

What is the PASS acronym used for

A

Understanding how to use an extinguisher

68
Q

What does PASS stand for

A

Pull the pin, Aim at the base of the fire when spraying, Squeeze the handle, and Sweep back and forth at the base of the fire

69
Q

What is the RACE acronym used for

A

In case of a fire

70
Q

What does RACE stand for

A

Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish/Evacuate –> Remove anyone in danger if you’re not in danger, Alert by activating the fire alarm system/calling 911, Contain the fire by closing all doors and windows, and Extinguish the fire or evacuate

71
Q

What are abdominal thrusts

A

A method of attempting to remove an object from the airway of somone who’s choking by removing the blockage upwards and out of the throat

72
Q

What should be done if a person goes into shock

A

Alert nurses, control bleeding if needed, have resident lie on back, and lift legs 8-12 inches

73
Q

When should legs not be elevated in response to shock

A

If the resident has a head, neck, back, spial, or abdominal injury, breathing difficulties, or fractures

74
Q

How should an NA control bleedign

A

Alert the nurse, put on gloves, hold a thick sterile pad, clean cloth, or clean towel against the wound, and press down hard directly on the bleeding until help arrives

75
Q

What is an insulin reaction

A

AKA hypoglycemia, resulting from too much insulin or too little food

76
Q

What is an important step when responding to a seizure

A

Moving furniture away to prevent injury

77
Q

What is an important sign of a transient ischemic attack

A

Slurred speach or inability to speak (expressive aphasia)

78
Q

What is holistic care

A

Caring for the whole person, mind and body

79
Q

What should an NA do if they encounter a sexual situation between two consenting adults

A

Provide privacy and leave the room

80
Q

How should NAs respect resident’s spiritual needs

A

By listening carefully to what they have to say and respecting their decisions to participate in or refrain from food-related rituals

81
Q

What is not a normal change of aging

A

Incontinence

82
Q

What is one guideline for a resident with down syndrome

A

To teach them to perform ADLs by dividing a task into smaller units

83
Q

What are some symptoms of autism spectrum disorder

A

Intense tantrums, repetitive body movements, aggression, a short attention span, and differences in reading and expressing emotions

84
Q

What can be helpful for treating a resident with autism spectrum disorder

A

Keeping a routine

85
Q

What does anterior or ventral mean

A

The front of the body or body part

86
Q

What happens when atrophy occurs

A

The muscle wastes away, decreases in size, and becomes weak

87
Q

What happens when a contracture develops

A

The muscle or tendon shortens, becomes inflexible, and “freezes” in position, causing permanent disability of the limb

88
Q

What else does the nervous system do

A

Senses and interprets information from outside of the human body

89
Q

How does the circulatory system work

A

The heart pumps blood through blood vessels to cells

90
Q

What does blood carry

A

Food, oxygen, and other substances cells need to function properly

91
Q

How can an NA help with urinary system issues in a resident

A

By encouraging fluids and offering frequent bathroom visits

92
Q

What do the muscles of the esophagus do

A

Move food into the stomach through peristalsis (involuntary contractions)

93
Q

What is lymph

A

A clear yellowish fluid that carries disease-fighting cells called lymphocytes

94
Q

How often should bed-bound residents be repositioned

A

At least every 2 hours

95
Q

How often should residents in wheelchairs or chairs be repositioned

A

At least every hour

96
Q

What is supine position

A

The resident lies flat on their back with head and shoulders supported by a pillow

97
Q

What should an NA do if the height of a cane or walker doesn’t appear to be correct

A

Inform the nurse

98
Q

How should a resident properly use a cane

A

By placing it about six inches, or a comfortable distance, in front of their stronger leg

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