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Oc anatomy 3 > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

color of sensory retina

A

clear

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2
Q

what is the horizontal line of raphe

A

invisible line goes through macula

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3
Q

arteries vs veins

A

veins thick and dark
arteries thinner and lighter

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4
Q

what cell is very metabolically active what shape are they

A

RPE

polyhedral pigmented cuboidal and columnar epithelial ells

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5
Q

amount of rods & cones in
macular
periphery

A

macula - cones
periphery rods>cones

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6
Q

1/3 DD is ______ microns
average disc diameter is

A

500 microns
1.4-1.22 mm

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7
Q

name the different dimensions of the macula in order of smallest to largest diameter

which one has
-high number of ganglion cells and bipolar cells
-avascular zone
-rod free zone

A

foveola - rod free
fovea - avascular zone
parafovea - ganglion and bipolar cells
perifovea

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8
Q

the fovea is the location of foveal avascular zone. It instead gets its supplies from

A

choriocapillaries

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9
Q

what supplies
inner 2/3 of retina
outer 1/3 of retina

A

inner is - central retinal arter
out is - choroid

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10
Q

name the 3 order of cells in retina

A
  1. photoreceptor
  2. bipolar (inner nuclear layer)
  3. ganglion
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11
Q

what layer is the bipolar cells located

A

inner nuclear layer

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12
Q

how many photo receptors does one RPE cell interact with

A

1 rpe for 30-40 photoreceptors

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13
Q

what connects the outter and inner seg of rods and cones

A

cilium

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14
Q

what is in the myoid region and ellipsoid region of the rods and cones

A

myoid
-makes proteins golgi and ER
Ellipsoid region
-makes energy has mitochondria

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15
Q

what region of the photoreceptors have discs

where region connects to rpe cells

A

out regions

outer region

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16
Q

what is spherules and pedicles

A

synaptic terminals
spherules - rods
pedicles- cones

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17
Q

what part of the photoreceptors shed constantly

what eats this

A

discs of outer segment

rpe cells

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18
Q

where is the location where alot rods are located at

A

3 mm from the center of fovea

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19
Q

what is rhodopsin

A

pigment of rods

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20
Q

where are photo pigments produced

A

inner segment then move to discs

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21
Q

name the two components of pigments

what is the purpose of each

which is located in the discs

A

-chromophore (retina)
absorbs light same in all
-opsin (protein
responsible for wavelength sensitivity
interlaced with discs

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22
Q

metarhodopsin 2 activated what

A

transducin in photo transduction

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23
Q

GTP and alpha subunit activates what

A

PDE phosphodiesterase

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24
Q

what percent of people have color deficiency

A

4.5%

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25
Q

what is the dz of enlarged RPE cells

A

packed melanin granules
CHRPE
congenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium

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26
Q

what dz is linked to colon cancer

A

CHRPE

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27
Q

what dz has apparent bone spicules
what is spicules what other signs

A

retinitis pigmentosa

bone spicules are peripheral pigment clumping of spicules

stenuated BV waxy pallor of ONH
cystoid macular edema

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28
Q

ELM is in between what cells

what does the ELM do

A

mullers and photoreceptors

photoreceptor nuclei and inner segments

it restricts movement of large molecules

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29
Q

the outer nuclear layer contains what cell bodies

A

rod and ones body

30
Q

describe the outer plexiform layer OPL

A

synaptic layer where photo receptors connect to bipolar cells

31
Q

photoreceptors produce what kind of potentials

A

graded potentiantial

32
Q

what layer separates the inner and outer retina

A

outer plexiform

33
Q

what marks the extent of the retina

A

invisible divide of the retina
middle limitting membrane

34
Q
A
35
Q

What synaptic shape has gap junctions

A

Pedicles

36
Q

Name the two capillary networks and where they are located

A
  1. Deep - inner nuclear layer
  2. Superficial- RNFL
37
Q

Horizontal cells

-Number of axons
-number of dendrites
-synapse with
-gap junctions?
-depolarize when
-graded or action potential
-type of neurotransmitter

A

Horizontal cells

-Number of axons
1 axon and multiple dendrites

-synapse with
Other horizontal cells
Photoreceptors
Bipolar
For inhibitory effect
-gap junctions?
Yes
-depolarize when
In the dark
-graded or action potential
Graded
-type of neurotransmitter
Gaba

38
Q

Which cell provides lateral inhibition ? To what cells

A

Horizontal cells to photo receptors and bipolar cells

39
Q

Name the three different photo pigments in cones and what their maximum absorbance is

A

Cyanolabe - 420 nm
Chromolabe - 531 nm
Erythrolabe- 588nm

40
Q

what is rhodopson composed of where is it located

A

opsin and 11 cis retinAL out sigment in discs

41
Q

chromophor or opsin

derivitive of vit a
responsible for wave lenght sensitivity
g coupled
same in all

A

derivitive of vit a - chromophor

responsible for wave lenghth- opsin

g coupled- opsin
same in all - chromophor

42
Q

phototransduction induces or spresses release of glutamate

A

supresses

43
Q

describe the renewal system

A

light reacts with rhodopsin where it isomerized 11cisretinal to all trans retinal. It then disociates from rhodopsin where it is then reduced to all trans retINOL. Its transfered to RPE cells where it can then be turned into 11 cisretinal

44
Q

in the dark Rhodopsin is active or inactive

does this cause hyperpolarization or depolarization

A

in active. RHODOPSIN ONLY ACTIVE IN LIGHT

depolorization

45
Q

what channel is a ligand gated channel in phototransduction

what is its ligand

A

calcium

cGMP

46
Q

dot blot heme occurs where

A

inner nuclear layer and out plexiorm layer

47
Q

inner nuclear layer holds what cell bodies

A

horizonatal
bipolar a
amarcrin
interplexiform
mulers

basically all but photo and rpe

48
Q

what cell synaps with amacrine 2 cells

when do they deporize

A

in the light

rod bipolar

amacrineII connects rod bipolar with ganglion

49
Q

amacrine release what neurotransmitter

A

glycerine and gaba

50
Q

there are two important inhibitory cells what are they and what feedback or feedforward mechanisms do they affect

A

amacrine- feed back bipolar
- feed forward ganglion
horizontal cells- feed back - photorecptors
feed forward biopolar

51
Q

which two cells are action potential

A

amacrine
ganglion

52
Q

amacrine send infor horizontally or vertically

how many processes does it have

A

both

has single process

53
Q

what inhibitory cell connects to interplexifomr cells

A

amacrin

54
Q

what cell sends infor from photoreceptor to ganglion cell

A

bipolar

55
Q

in the fovea a bipolar midget cell connects to ____ cone(s) while in the periphery it connects to ____cones

what about if it were rod bipolar?

A

1 cone
2-3

no rodbipolar in fovea
15-20 rods centrally
80 peripherally

56
Q

what cell forms triads

what is part of the triad

A

invaginating midget bipolar

2 horizontal cells 1 invaginating midget

57
Q

diffuse cone bipolar cells connect to ____ cones centrally and _______ peripherally

A

diffuse cone bipolar cells connect to __5__ cones centrally and ___10-15____ peripherally

58
Q

what bipolar cells has the largest dendritic trees

A

giant cone three trees then clusters types
diffuse and then bistratified

59
Q

blue cone bipolar cells connect what

A

widely spaced blue cones

60
Q

what cell is known to have a large cell body
where is it located

A

interplexiform cells

OPL
IPL

61
Q

what is ionotropic receptor
what is metabotropic receptor

A

receptors of bipolar cells that shows if they are on or off

ionotripic is off
metabotropic is on

62
Q

in the central retina 1 cone is connected to what an off or on bipolar cells

A

1 one and one off

63
Q

what layer does bipolor synapse with ganglion

whos processes are found here

A

inner plexiform layer

amacrine interplexifprm processes

64
Q

what dz is associated with flame heme

A

vein occlusion

65
Q

what layers are muller cells found

A

ilm to elm cell bodies in ilm

66
Q

what cell has a high oxyen consumption

A

photoreceptors

67
Q

ribon synapse purpose

A

allows for constant release of glutamate

68
Q

retinoscnisis location and what is it

A

splite of retina in the outer plexiform

69
Q

what disease looks like fishnet stocking

A

reticular degeneration coneycomb degeration usually pigment finding in periphery in old patients no clinical significance

70
Q

what layers do the photoreceptors span to

A

2-5

70
Q
A

Oc anatomy 3 (3 decks)

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