Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Telling Amy’s Story Documentary

A

Husband (Vincent) shot wife
- he was an alcoholic, abusive, and previous military man
- Pennsylvania (a lot of domestic violence cases)

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2
Q

Serial murder consists of which of the following components?

A

Three or more separate events in three or more separate locations with an emotional cooling-off period

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3
Q

If three family members are killed and the perpetrator takes his own life, it is classified as a mass murder-suicide. (true or false)

A

False

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4
Q

Research has shown that the most typical disposition for rape or sexual assault cases accepted for prosecution is

A

A plea agreement

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5
Q

Studies suggest acquaintance rape victims are less likely to label their assaults as rapes than women assaulted by strangers. (true or false)

A

True

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6
Q

Intimate partner violence accounted for ____ of violent crimes against women and ___ of violent crimes against men between 2001 and 2005.

A

22% and 4%

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7
Q

What was the result of the Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment?

A

Mandatory arrest

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8
Q

Which of the following statements are true?
- Most rapes are committed by family members.
- Most rapes are committed by strangers.
- Rape is not a common occurrence in the United States.
- Most rapes are committed by acquaintances.

A

Most rapes are committed by acquaintances

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9
Q

Rape myths include all of the following EXCEPT:
- False accusations
- Victim’s sexual history
- Victim Resistance
- All of the above are considered rape myths

A

All of the above are considered rape myths

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10
Q

Janette and her boyfriend, Mark, have been dating for several months. Mark has been described as having an “anger problem” and sometimes he is seen mocking Janette. Last night, Mark hit Janette and gave her a black eye. What is the next stage of the Cycle of Violence that we will expect in this relationship?

A

Honeymoon Phase

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11
Q

An abuser who smokes marijuana and uses meth is less likely to commit intimate partner violence (true or false)

A

False

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12
Q

Define Intimate Partner Violence

A

Any behavior within an intimate relationship that causes physical, psychological, or sexual harm

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13
Q

Cycle of Violence

A

Tension Building Phase –> Explosion Phase –> Honeymoon Phase –>

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14
Q

Tension Building Phase

A

Threats, verbal abuse, and intimidation occur
- tension increases, victim is fearful and calms the abuser

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15
Q

Explosion Phase

A

An acute battering incident such as emotional, sexual, or physical abuse

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16
Q

Honeymoon Phase

A

Abuser apologizes and promises that the behavior will never occur again
- abuser may blame victim for violence

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17
Q

Battered Woman Syndrome

A

The cycle of violence (building tension, battering, loving wearing down)

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18
Q

IPV in LGBT Relationships

A

Social factors and isolation may make disclosure and help-seeking more difficult
- Legal barriers may exist
- Police may be less likely to intervene and charge

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19
Q

IPV occurs in __% to __% of male same-sex couples, higher in lesbian couples

A

21% to 50%

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20
Q

Child Witnesses of IPV

A

Significant overlap exists between IPV and and child abuse
- Child may show signs of depression, anxiety, social withdrawal, hyperactivity, aggression, low self-esteem, lower school performance

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21
Q

Batterer Typologies

A

Family only
Dysphoric-Borderline
Generally Violent Antisocial

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22
Q

Family only

A

A batterer who has the least marital violence, is typically not violent outside the home, shows more remorse, and has the lowest levels of psychological and sexual abuse

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23
Q

Dysphoric-Borderline

A

A batterer who exhibits moderate-severe wife abuse but not much violence outside the home, and has the most psychological distress

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24
Q

Generally Violent Antisocial

A

A batterer who has the highest levels of violence, has moderate to severe levels of marital violence, is most likely to have antisocial personality / substance abuse issues, has the highest levels of family of origin violence, and associates with deviant peers

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25
Intervention Programs in IPV
1. Programs for child witnesses of violence - Aimed at preventing future harm 2. Programs for victims of violence - Aimed at providing emergency assistance and increasing available choices 3. Programs for batterers - Aimed at stopping violent behavior
26
What are the purposes of Interventions for Victims of IPV?
Ensuring Safety (shelters, hotlines, relocation services) Ongoing Treatment & Assistance (reducing isolation, recognizing violence, enhancing self-esteem)
27
Interventions for Child Witnesses
Crisis Intervention Ongoing Group or Individual Treatment Parent / Child Groups
28
Crisis Intervention
Enhance safety, normalize feelings, develop a plan for when children feel that either they or their parent are at risk
29
Ongoing Group or Individual Treatment
Geared toward the child’s developmental stage
30
Parent / Child Groups
Enhances bonding and positive parenting
31
Interventions for Offenders
Anger management Cognitive-behavioral approaches Psycho-educational approaches
32
Define Rape
penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim
33
Define Sexual Violence
a sexual act committed against someone without that person’s freely given consent
34
Rape Statistics
- Every 68 seconds another American is sexually assaulted - About 3% of American men—or 1 in 33—have experienced an attempted or completed rape in their lifetime - 9 out of every 10 victims of rape are female
35
Rape Myths
Prejudicial, stereotyped, or false beliefs about rape, rape victims and rapists - false accusations, only certain women are raped, sexual history of victim
36
Who are most rapes committed by?
acquaintances
37
Types of Sexual Assault
- Incest - Statutory rape - Marital Rape - Acquaintance rape - Sexual Homicide
38
Classifying Rapists (Early Research)
about power, anger, and sexuality - rape serves primarily nonsexual needs - not all offenders are alike
39
Exploitative Rape
Power-reassurance rape - Aggression is generally low, does not exceed beyond victim compliance - Rape experience for offender is one of anxiety, excitement, and anticipated pleasure - Offenses become repetitive - Aggression is expressed as domination
40
Anger Rape
Excessive and unprovoked physical and verbal aggression even with victim “compliance” - Rage is evident - Primary motive is not sexual arousal - Resistance will increase aggression - Blind with rage (memory loss after) - Relationships with important women in his life are fraught with conflict, irritation, and jealousy
41
Sadistic Rape
Aggression itself is eroticized (sexual) - Assault appears ritualized (usually involves bondage and torture) - Finds pleasure in the victim’s suffering - Assault is deliberate; victim is stalked, captured, abused - Intercourse may occur postmortem
42
Blitz Rape
Out of the blue - no prior interaction between victim and offender
43
Confidence Rape
Interaction prior to assault - offender obtains sex under false pretenses by using deceit, betrayal, and often violence
44
Someone is more likely to report if...
If injuries exist If another crime was committed If a weapon was used
45
Barriers to Reporting Rape
age, race, involvement in alcohol / drugs, relationship with the offender
46
Legislation, Public Policies, and Funding Rape Reform
Rape law reforms implemented in the 1970s and 1980s were successful in getting victims to access the legal and support systems - a 10% increase in rape reports to the police after reform - 88% more likely to report rape to police in the modern reform period than prior
47
Title IX
1972: Prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex (gender) in all education programs or activities that receive federal financial assistance 2011: The Obama-era Dear Colleague Letter (reminder to universities to follow the Title IX law)
48
Define Homicide
the intentional and sometimes unintentional, or accidental, killing of another person
49
Define Murder
Unlawful taking of human life - behavioral act that terminates life in the context of power, personal gain, brutality and sometimes sexuality - intent and possible premeditation
50
What was the first system to classify homicide in United States?
UCR
51
Murder Victims Statistics
- overrepresentation of blacks (53.3%, while only comprising 13.5% of U.S. population) - mostly intra-racial (82.7%)
52
Homicide Takeaways
Homicide rates have declined in recent years - 1 / 4,009 chance - Black males have the highest odds - White females have the lowest odds
53
Weapons & Homicide
Firearms = 2nd leading cause of injury-related deaths - Used in 73% of all homicides - Knives/sharp objects = 11% of all homicides
54
Death Notification
Often falls to law enforcement officers, victim advocates, or representatives from the coroner’s office - A wide range of responses
55
Death Notification Process
1. Information Gathering 2. Control and Direction 3. Assessment 4. Referral
56
Grief Process
1. Denial (short-term, self-protective) 2. Anger (toward anyone / anything available) 3. Bargaining (with pain, god, anything) 4. Depression (often includes self-isolation) 5. Acceptance (some form of normalcy)
57
Single Homicide
1 victim and 1 homicidal event
58
Double Homicide
2 victims are killed at one time in one location
59
Triple Homicide
3 victims are killed at one time in one location
60
Mass Murder
Single Event & Location - Time is few moments/hours - 4 or more victims - classic / family
61
Family Mass Murder
4 or more family members are killed together at one time
62
Define Spree
Single event with two or more locations and no "cooling off" period - does not care who the victims are
63
Define Serial Murder
3 or more separate events in three or more separate locations with a “cooling off” period - will monitor their behavior and avoid detection
64
Organized Offender
Intelligent, plans, victims are strangers, often lure victims, control is essential, brings their own weapon, hides body
65
Unorganized Offender
Actions aren't logical, normally has mental illness, weapons of opportunity, kills quickly, don't take symbolic trophies but may take hair or body parts, over-kill
66
Define Robbery
Taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force, or threat of force or violence - putting the victim in fear - robberies are declining
67
Define Larceny (Theft)
Taking of a person’s property without the permission of the property owner or possessor of that property - does not involve threat - very common
68
Define Burglary
Uninvited and illegal entry into a person’s property, cargo container, or any vehicle or vessel - frequently a secondary crime or by-product of the intention to commit another crime - occurs every 13 seconds
69
Types of Burglary
1. Completed burglary 2. Forcible entry 3. Unlawful entry without force 4. Attempted forcible entry
70
Define Home Invasion
one or more perpetrators force entry into a home where inhabitants are present for the purposes of robbery, rape, or other criminal activity. - usually involve highly violent activities - doesn't avoid contact with homeowner - confrontation is often the key element