Exam 2 Flashcards
What bones make up the shoulder girdle?
- Scapula
- Clavicle
The _____ & _____ move as a unit
Scapula ; Clavicle
________ articulation with sternum is only bony link to _______ skeleton
Clavicle’s ; Axial
KNOW BONY LANDMARKS
Ok
Which shoulder girdle joint is multi-axial and arthrodial?
Sternoclavicular (SC) joint
In relation to the manubrium, the clavicle carries out what 3 functions? (PR, ED, Hsgm)
- Protracts and retracts
- Elevates and Depresses
- Has slight gliding movements
Which shoulder girdle joint is strictly arthrodial? (ACj)
Acromioclavicular (AC) joint
_____ - _____ of gliding & rotational motion accompany shoulder girdle and shoulder joint motions.
20* ; 30*
Which shoulder girdle joint is often injured?
AC joint
What is the ligamentous support of the AC joint?
- Coracoclavicular ligaments
- Acromioclavicular ligaments
Which shoulder girdle joint is not a true synovial joint? (Sj)
Scapulothoracic joint
In regards of the Scapulothoracic joint, movements depend on ___ & ___ joints which allows the scapula to move.
SC ; AC
What are the main movements of the Scapulothoracic joint? (AA,UrDr, ED)
- Abduction/Adduction
- Upward/Downward Rotation
- Elevation/Depression
What joint is supported dynamically by its muscles? (Sj)
Scapulothoracic joint
T/F: The Scapulothoracic joint has ligamentous support.
False
The scapula moving laterally away from spinal column is referred to as what?
Abduction (protraction)
The scapula moving medially toward the spinal column.
Adduction (retraction)
The inferior movement of scapula, as in returning to normal position.
Depression
The superior movement of scapula, as in shrugging the shoulders.
Elevation
Returning inferior angle and medially toward spinal column & glenoid fossa to normal position.
Downward rotation
Turning glenoid fossa upward & moving inferior angle superiorly and laterally away from spinal column to assist in raising arm.
Upward rotation
For some movements, ____ must rotate on axis.
Scapula
What shoulder girdle movement occurs during abduction? (Ir,lt)
Internal rotation, lateral tilt
What shoulder girdle movement occurs during extreme adduction? (Er,mt)
External rotation, medial tilt
Rotational movement of scapula about frontal axis during glenohumeral hyperextension.
Anterior/upward tilt
Rotational movement of scapula about frontal axis during glenohumeral hyperflexion.
Posterior/downward tilt
Shoulder girdle muscles are primarily innervated by ______ and _____ plexus.
Cervical ; brachial
What muscles are apart of the cervical plexus? (TLsR)
- Trapezius
- Levator scapula
- Rhomboid
What muscles are apart of the brachial plexus? (LsRSaPm)
- Levator scapula
- Rhomboid
- Serratus anterior
- Pectoralis minor
What are the shoulder girdle muscles? (TRLsSaPm)
- Trapezius
- Rhomboids
- Levator scapulae
- Serratus anterior
- Pectoralis minor
What shoulder girdle muscles are posterior and lateral?
- Serratus Anterior
Which shoulder girdle muscles are on the anterior? (PmS)
- Pectoralis minor
- Subclavius
The trapezius, rhomboid, Levator scapulae are ______.
Posterior
What is the origin of the trapezius muscle? (Bos,op)
Base of skull, occipital protuberance
What are the insertions of the trapezius muscle? (CApS)
Clavicle, Acromion process, scapula
What is the origin of the Levator scapulae muscle?
C1-C4
What is the insertion of the Levator scapulae?
scapula
What is the origin of the rhomboid muscles (major and minor)?
C7, T1, T2-T5
What is the insertion of the rhomboid muscles (major & minor)? (S)
Scapula
What is the origin of the serratus anterior muscle? (Ratc)
Ribs at the chest
What is the insertion of the serratus anterior muscle? (Ms)
Medial scapula
What is the origin of the pectoralis minor muscle? (R)
Ribs
What is the insertion of the pectoralis minor muscle? (S)
Scapula
What is the origin of the subclavius muscle? (R)
Ribs
What is the insertion of the subclavius muscle? (C)
Clavicle
What are the agonists of scapula abduction? (PmSa)
- Pectoralis minor
- Serratus anterior
What are the agonists of the scapula adduction? (TR)
- Trapezius
- Rhomboids
What are the agonists of Scapula Upward Rotation? (TSa)
- Trapezius
- Serratus Anterior
What are the agonists of scapula downward rotation? (PmR)
- Pectoralis minor
- Rhomboid
What are the agonists of scapula elevation? (LsTR)
- Levator scapula
- Trapezius
- Rhomboid
What are the agonists of scapula depression? (TPm)
- Trapezius
- Pectoralis minor
_______ is attached to the axial skeleton via the clavicle at the SC joint.
Shoulder joint
What joint has a wide ROM in many different planes?
Shoulder joint
The shoulder joint is common to have ____ problems.
Instability
What bones are in correlation of the shoulder joint? (SCH)
- Scapula
- Clavicle
- Humerus
KNOW SCAPULAR & HUMERAL BONY LANDMARKS
Ok
What shoulder joint, is where the glenoid fossa and humerus meet
Glenohumeral joint
What are 2 characteristics of the Glenohumeral joint? (MeBasj)
- Multiaxial enarthrodial
- Ball-and-socket joint
Which ligaments provide stability in the glenohumeral joint?
Glenohumeral ligaments
T/F: Glenohumeral ligaments are tense until extreme ROM is reached.
False; they are lax
_______ + _______ = ________
Glenohumeral joint ; Shoulder joint ; Shoulder ROM
Scapulohumeral rhythm is an example of what?
Synergistic relationship
T/F: For every 2* of glenohumeral motion, there is 1* of scapula motion
True
Upward lateral movement of humerus to the side, away from body.
Abduction
Downward movemnt of humerus medially toward body from abduction, can continue past midline.
Adduction
Movement of humerus straight anteriorly.
Flexion
Movement of humerus straight posteriorly.
Extension
Movement of humerus toward and across chest.
Horizontal adduction/ Transverse flexion
Movement of humerus away from chest?
Horizontal abduction/transverse extension
Movement of humerus laterally away from midline.
External rotation
Movement of humerus medially toward midline
Internal rotation
Movement of humerus in a diagonal plane away from midline of body
Diagonal abduction
Movement of humerus in a diagonal plane toward midline of body.
Diagonal adduction
The glenohumeral joint is frequently injured due to what?
its anatomical design
What are 3 injury results of the glenohumeral joint?
- Anteroinferior glenohumeral subluxations and dislocations
- Posterior dislocations
- Posterior instability
________ enhances stability by deepening the concavity of the fossa.
Glenoid labrum
What is the injury that occurs when there is a superior labral tear ant. to post.
SLAP tear
What is known as the difference in ROM between throwing and non throwing shoulders?
Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD)
All shoulder joint muscles are innervated from the _____ plexus.
Brachial
C5 - C6 innervate which shoulder joint muscles? (DTmSTmSI)
- Deltoid
- Teres minor
- Subscapularis
- Teres major
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
C5 - C7 innervate which shoulder joint muscles? (PmC)
- Pectoralis major
- Coracobrachialis
C6 - C8 innervate which shoulder joint muscles?
- Latissimus dorsi
C8 & T1 innervate which shoulder joint muscles?
Pectoralis major
Match Shoulder Joint Action with Shoulder Girdle:
- Abduction :
- Adduction :
- Flexion:
- Extension:
- Internal rotation:
- External rotation:
- Horizontal abduction:
- Horizontal adduction:
- Upward rotation
- Downward rotation
- Elevation
- Depression
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Adduction
- Abduction
Which shoulder joint muscles are anterior? (PmCS)
- Pectoralis major
- Coracobrachialis
- Subscapularis
Which shoulder joint muscles are superior? (DS)
- Deltoid
- Subscapularis
Which shoulder joint muscles are posterior? (LdTmITm)
- Latissimus dorsi
- Teres minor
- Infraspinatus
- Teres major
What is the origin of the deltoid? (CAS)
Clavicle, Acromion, scapula
What is the insertion of the deltoid?
Humerus
What is the origin of the pectoralis major? (CRS)
- clavicle
- ribs
- sternum
What is the insertion of the pectoralis major?
Humerus
What is the origin of the Latissimus dorsi? (ISpo612)
- ilium
- spinous process of T6-T12
What is the origin of the teres major?
Scapula
What is the insertion of the teres major?
Humerus
What is the origin of the coracobrachialis?
Scapula
What is the insertion of the coracobrachialis?
Humerus
The supraspinatus performs what movements? (ASoth)
- Abduction
- Stabilization of the humerus
The infraspinatus muscle performs what movements? (ErHaESoh)
- External rotation
- Horizontal abduction
- Extension
- Stabilization of humerus
The teres minor muscle performs what movements? (ErHaEDaSoh)
- External rotation
- Horizontal abduction
- Extension.
- Diagonal abduction
- Stabilization of humerus
The Subscapularis muscle performs what movements? (IrAESoh)
- Internal rotation
- Adduction
- Extension
- Stabilization of humerus
What are the glenohumeral flexion agonists? (DPm)
- Deltoid
- Pectoralis major
What are the glenohumeral extension agonists? (TmLdPm)
- Teres major
- Latissimus dorsi
- Pectoralis major
What are the glenohumeral abduction agonists? (DSPm)
- Deltoid
- Supraspinatus
- Pectoralis major
What are the glenohumeral adduction agonists? (LdTmPm)
- Latissimus dorsi
- Teres major
- Pectoralis major
What are the glenohumeral Internal rotation agonists? (LdTmSPm)
- Latissimus dorsi
- Teres major
- Subscapularis
- Pectoralis major
What are the glenohumeral external rotation agonists? (ITm)
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
What are the glenohumeral horizontal abduction agonists? (DItm)
- Deltoid
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
What are the glenohumeral horizontal adduction agonists? (DPmC)
- Deltoid
- Pectoralis major
- Coracobrachialis
What are the glenohumeral diagonal abduction agonists? (DITm)
- Deltoid
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
What are the glenohumeral diagonal adduction agonists? (DCPm)
- Deltoid
- Coracobrachialis
- Pectoralis major
What is a Ginglymus or hinge-type joint? (Ej)
Elbow Joint
The Elbow joint is responsible for what 2 movements?
Flexion & Extension
What are the 2 interrelated elbow joints?
- Humeroulnar
- Radioulnar
Stability in elbow flexion is primarily dependent on which 2 ligaments?
RCL & UCL
Which ligament helps stabilize radial head?
Annular ligament
What joint is a Trochoid or pivot type joint?
Radioulnar joint
Fill in the blank.
Synergy between ________, _____, and __________ muscles.
Glenohumeral ; elbow ; radioulnar joint
What is movement of forearm to shoulder by bending the elbow to decrease its angle?
Flexion
Movement of forearm away from shoulder by straightening the elbow to increase its angle
Extension
Internal rotary movement of radius on ulna that results in hand moving from palm-up to palm-down position
Pronation
External rotary movement of radius on ulna that results in hand moving from palm-down to palm-up position
Supination
Most upper extremity movements involve what two joints?
Elbow & radioulnar
What are the main bones of the elbow and radioulnar joints? (HUR)
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
During full extension of the elbow joint, the ______ process meets the _______ fossa
Olecranon
During full flexion of the elbow joint, the _______ process fits into the ______ fossa
Coracoid
In the elbow joint, what ligament is primarily injured?
UCL
What is the UCL surgical reconstruction using a tendon graft such as the palmaris longus tendon? (TJP)
Tommy John Procedure
What is a common problem near the lateral epicondyle?
Tennis elbow
What is a less common problem near the medial epicondyle?
golfers elbow
All elbow and radioulnar joints muscles are innervated from what 3 nerves of the brachial plexus? (MMR)
- Median
- Musculotaneous
- Radial
What muscles are innervated by the radial nerve? (TbBSAS)
- Triceps brachii
- Brachioradialis
- Supinator
- Anconeus
What muscles are innervated by the median nerve? (PtPq)
- Pronator teres
- Pronator quadratus
What muscles are innervated by the Musculotaneous nerve? (BbB)
- Biceps brachii
- Brachialis
What is the origin and insertion of the biceps brachii muscle? (S;R)
Origin: Scapula
Insertion: Radius
What is the origin and insertion of the Brachialis muscle? (H;U)
Origin: humerus
insertion: ulna
What is the origin & insertion of the Brachioradialis muscle? (H;R)
Origin: humerus
I: radius
What is the origin & insertion of the triceps brachii muscle? (SH;U)
Origin: Scapula & Humerus
Insertion: Ulna
What is the origin & insertion of the Anconeus muscle? (H;U)
Origin: Humerus
Insertion: Ulna
What is the origin & insertion of the Pronator teres? (HU;R)
Origin: Humerus & ulna
Insertion: Radius
What is the origin & insertion of the Pronator quadratus muscle? (U;R)
Origin: Ulna
Insertion: Radius
What is the origin & insertion of the supinator? (HU;R)
Origin: humerus & ulna
Insertion: radius
What are the agonists of elbow flexion? (BbBB)
- Biceps brachii
- Brachialis
- Brachioradialis
What are the agonists of elbow extension? (TbA)
- Triceps brachii
- Anconeus
What are the agonists of radioulnar pronation? (PtPqB)
- Pronator teres
- Pronator quadratus
- Brachioradialis
What are the agonists of radioulnar supination? (BbSB)
- Biceps brachii
- Supinator
- Brachioradialis
How many bones does the wrist and hand contain?
29 bones
What are the 29 bones in the wrist and hand? (RUCbMbP)
- Radius & Ulna
- 8 carpal bones
- 5 metacarpal bones
- 14 phalanges
What are the 8 wrist bones?
(Shy Lovers Try Positions That They Can’t Handle)
- Scaphoid
- Lunate
- Triquetrum
- Pisiform
- Trapezium
- Trapezoid
- Capitate
- Hamate
Which of the 8 carpal bones is most likely to get injured?
Scaphoid
What is considered to be finger #5?
Pinky
What bones join the wrist bones?
Metacarpal bones
Each phalange has 3 bones besides:
Thumb
What are the two bony landmarks of the humerus? (MeLe)
- Medial epicondyle
- Lateral epicondyle
What is the bony landmark of the ulna? (Cp)
- Coronoid process
What is considered to be the wrist joint?
Radiocarpal joint
What joint is a condyloid-type joint?
Radiocarpal joint
The wrist joint can compose which movements?(FEAA)
- Flexion
- Extension
- Abduction
- Adduction
Each finger has 3 joints which are what?
- MCP
- PIP
- DIP
Thumb has what 2 joints?
- MCP
- IP
What is the joint located at the base of the thumb?
CMC joint
The MCP joints are also known as what?
Knuckles
The MCP joints can perform what movements?
Flexion & extension
The PIP joint can perform what movements?
Flexion & extension
The DIP joints can perform what movements?
Flexion & extension
The MCP joint can perform what movements?
Flexion & Extension
The IP joint can perform what movements?
Flexion and extension
The CMC joint can perform what movements?
Abduction, adduction, flexion, and extension
What is the most common joint in the body for osteoarthritis?
CMC joint
Movement of palm of hand toward anterior aspect of forearm
Flexion of wrist
Movement of back of hand toward posterior aspect of forearm
Extension of wrist
Movement of thumb side of hand forward lateral aspect or radial side of forearm
Abduction of wrist/radial flexion
Movement of little finger side of hand toward medial aspect or ulnar side of forearm.
Adduction of wrist/ulnar Flexion
Movement of phalanges toward anterior aspect of forearm
Flexion of fingers
Movement phalanges toward posterior aspect of forearm
Extension of fingers
Movement of fingers away from middle finger
Finger abduction
Movement of fingers toward middle finger
Finger adduction
Movement of the thumb as it returns to anatomical position form opposition
Reposition
Movement of the thumb across palmar aspect
Opposition
All wrist and hand muscles are innervated from the _____, _____, and ______ nerves branches of the brachial plexus. (RMU)
Radial ; Median; Ulnar
What is the most traumatized upper limb nerve?
Ulnar branch
When we hit our funny bone, it is considered to be what?
Ulnar nerve contusion
T/F: A ulnar nerve contusion may lead to hypersensitivity.
true
What is swelling and inflammation that can cause increase pressure in carpal tunnel resulting in decrease function of median nerve?
Carpal tunnel syndrome
T/F: Carpal tunnel syndrome cannot be prevented.
False
_____ muscles move the wrist but not fingers and thumb.
6
What are the 3 wrist flexors? (FcrFcuPl)
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
- Palmaris longus
What are the 3 wrist extensors? (EcrlEcrbEcu)
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
- Extensor carpi radialis brevis
- Extensor carpi ulnaris
_____ muscles are the primary movers of the phalanges.
9
What are the 3 phalangeal flexors? (FdsFdpFpl)
- Flexor digitorum superficialis
- Flexor digitorum profundus
- Flexor pollicis longus
What are the 5 phalangeal extensors? (EdEiEdmEplEpb)
- Extensor digitorum
- Extensor Indicis
- Extensor digiti minimi
- Extensor pollicis longus
- Extensor pollicis brevis
What is the abductor of the thumb and wrist? (Apl)
Abductor pollicis longus
What is the origin & insertion of flexor carpi radialis muscle? (H;M)
Origin: humerus
I: 2nd & 3rd metacarpal
What is the origin & insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris muscle? (HU;Pw)
Origin: Humerus & ulna
Insertion: Palmar wrist
What is the origin & insertion of palmaris longus muscle? (H;Pa)
Origin: humerus
Insertion: palmar aponeurosis
What is the origin and insertion of the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle? (HU;M)
Origin: Humerus & ulna
Insertion: 5th metacarpal
What is the origin and insertion of the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle? (H;M)
Origin: Humerus
Insertion: 3rd metacarpal
What is the origin and insertion of the extensor carpi radialis longus muscle? (H;M)
Origin: Humerus
Insertion: 2nd metacarpal
What is the origin and insertion of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle? (HUR;P)
Origin: Humerus, Ulna, Radius
Insertion: Phalanges
What is the origin and insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle? (U;P)
Origin: Ulna
Insertion: Phalanges
What is the origin & insertion of the extensor digitorum muscle? (H;P)
Origin: humerus
Insertion: phalanges
What is the origin and insertion of the extensor Indicis muscle? (U;P)
Origin: Ulna
Insertion: Phalanges
What is the origin and insertion of the extensor pollicis longus muscle? (U;T)
Origin: Ulna
Insertion: thumb
What is the origin and insertion of the extensor pollicis brevis? (R;T)
Origin: Radius
Insertion: thumb
What is the origin and insertion of the abductor pollicis longus muscle? (RU;T)
Origin: Radius and ulna
Insertion: thumb
How many intrinsic muscles are on the radial side?
4
How many intrinsic muscles are on the ulnar side?
3
How many intrinsic muscles are neither on the ulnar or radial side?
11
What is the muscular pad on palmar surface of 1st metacarpal
Thenar eminence
What are the 4 muscles in the thenar eminence? (ApbOpFpbAp)
- Abductor pollicis brevis
- Opponens pollicis
- Flexor pollicis brevis
- Adductor pollicis
What is the muscular pad that forms ulnar border on palmar surface?
Hypothenar eminence
What are the agonist muscles of wrist flexion? (FcpFcuPlFdsFdpFpl)
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
- Palmaris longus
- Flexor digitorum superficialis
- Flexor digitorum profundus
- Flexor pollicis longus
What are the agonist of wrist extension? (EcrlEcrbEcuEdEiEdmEplEpb)
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
- Extensor carpi radialis brevis
- Extensor carpi ulnaris
- Extensor digitorum
- Extensor Indicis
- Extensor digitorum minimi
- Extensor pollicis longus
- Extensor pollicis brevis
What are the agonist muscles of wrist abduction? (FcrEcrlEcrbAplEplEpb)
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
- Extensor carpi radialis brevis
- Abductor pollicis longus
- Extensor pollicis longus
- Extensor pollicis brevis
What are the agonist of wrist adduction? (FcuEcu)
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
- Extensor carpi ulnaris
What are the agonist of phalangeal flexion? (FdsFdpFpl)
- Flexor digitorum superficialis
- Flexor digitorum profundus
- Flexor pollicis longus
What are the agonist of phalangeal extension? (EdEiEdmEplEpb)
- Extensor digitorum
- Extensor Indicis
- Extensor digitorum minimi
- Extensor pollicis longus
- Extensor pollicis brevis
