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exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

patriarchy

A

exists when men are primarily power holders within a society

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2
Q

forms of power

A

economic,political, food/ material, physical, reproductive

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3
Q

privledge

A

unearned advantages are given to someone based solely on their group membership
-as general concept, who has privilege is based on who hods the power in society

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4
Q

components of privilege

A
  1. often operates outside of awareness
  2. renders multiple oppressed identities as invisible
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5
Q

ABC

A

affective component:
behavior component: discrimination
cognitive component: stereotypes

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6
Q

affect

A

emotions

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7
Q

behavior

A

discrimination

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8
Q

cognitive

A

stereotypes

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9
Q

prejudice

A

takes the form of sexism when discussing gender-related prejudice

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10
Q

sexism as as an institutional concept goes against those

A

with less power

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11
Q

ambivalent sexism

A

argues that hostile and benevolent sexism are, not conflicting but complementary ideologies that present a resolution to the gender relationship paradox.

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12
Q

hostile sexism

A

negative views toward individuals who violate traditional gender roles.

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13
Q

benevolent sexism

A

prosocial treatment of women who fulfill traditional gender roles.

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14
Q

traditional sexism

A

reflects the idea that men are superior to women

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15
Q

modern sexism

A

denial that sexism even exists
- denial of women experiences

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16
Q

why modern sexism is a problem

A

denial of continued discrimination against women, antagonism toward women’s demands, and lack of support for policies designed to help women.

-because traditional and modern sexism tend to be related

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17
Q

problems with benevolent sexism

A
  • relates to hostile sexism
  • both age-related to higher levels of gender inequality
  • worse for womens cognitive performance
  • related to views of competence
  • unique contributions to body dissatisfaction
  • impacts value of rape and harassment
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18
Q

discrimination

A

involves differential treatment of someone based purely on gender
- goes against anyone of any gender often subtle

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19
Q

legality issues

A

discrimination on the basis of sex is illegal
- laws on this are murky
- laws against transgender folks are even murkier

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20
Q

stereotypes

A

features we assume belong to a person based on their gender

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21
Q

elaboration

A

breaking down into subcategories that fit the overarching stereotypes

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22
Q

encapsulation

A

subgroups that don’t fit traditional norms

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23
Q

evaluation

A

going over it/we judge it as a category

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24
Q

masculine traits

A

adventurous, dominate, forceful, independent, strong, aggressive autocratic, daring, stern, active

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25
Q

feminine traits

A

sentimental, sensitive, submissive, affectionate, dreamy

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26
Q

explicit stereotypes

A

the ones you are aware of that you know you have

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27
Q

implicit stereotypes

A

ones that you arent aware that you hold

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28
Q

implicit association test

A

based on how quickly and easily you pair things together
- women linked with more favorable attitudes than men and to be more nurturing or lower power positions than men

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29
Q

racialized stereotypes

A

gender stereotypes content differs based on race
- often leads to behaviors designed to counteract stereotypes
- experienced may not be understood by all people of that gender of that race

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30
Q

self stereotypes

A

occurs when we apply a stereotype to ourselves that otherwise might not apply

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31
Q

confirmation bias

A

we tend to pay attention to information that confirms our stereotypes and ignore/dismiss information that disconfirms our stereotypes

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32
Q

biased influences

A

we tend to “fit in” gender-stereotypical information even when it doesn’t always fit

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33
Q

correspondent interference theory

A

attributions of things
- similar to biased inferences - a type of filling in the gap
- we make attributions for different types of behaviors

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34
Q

situational attributions

A

behavioral is attributed to environment

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35
Q

prescriptive stereotypes and the black lash effect model

A

behaving against stereotypes may result in “blacklash”
or social penalty

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35
Q

stereotypes disconfirmed most noticed when

A
  • if clear and measurable trait
  • if positive traits are disconfirmed
  • if the person is otherwise a good “match” for the category
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35
Q

stereotypes and memory

A

impacts what we attend to, encode, and retrieve
- shapes what we pay attention to and what we commit to memory and how we retrieve it

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36
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy

A
  1. unfounded assumption
  2. behavior elicits the outcome
  3. outcome comes true
  4. i assume i was right
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37
Q

stereotype threat

A

happens when we find a negative stereotype with in our group and we can either confirm or deny it
- causes anxiety and confirm stereotype

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38
Q

stereotype threat facilitates

A
  1. group identity
  2. numerical minority status
  3. stereotype salience
  4. evaluate component
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39
Q

what reduces the impact of stereotype threat

A
  • calling a task something else
    -stating that there’s no difference in performance
    -teaching about stereotype
  • self affirmation
    -positive same gender role models
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40
Q

proscriptions

A

the thing you dont want to be

40
Q

media impact

A

impacts our view of what the world “should” be

40
Q

women in facualty

A

women in faculty are perceived to be less competent and less hirable

41
Q

self obligation theory

A

relationship between media and body image and you start to think about your appearance

42
Q

relationship between media and violence

A

violent social media leads to more aggression in people

43
Q

third person effect

A

idea that we often assume that others are more impacted from media then we are

44
Q

effect size

A

0.2 - small
0.5 - medium
0.8 - large

45
Q

weakness in meta-analysis

A

only as strong as the studies that are in them
- self report issues
- experimental problems
- measurement issues
- doesn’t always take into account “moderators”

46
Q

file drawer problem

A

journals are more likely to publish differences instead of no difference/effect

47
Q

interests

A

what do you like to do]
- people of different genders may have different academic field and career interests

48
Q

cognitive ability

A

what can you do

49
Q

achievement

A

what do you do

50
Q

RIASEC model 6 interest areas

A
  1. realistic
  2. investigative
  3. artistic
  4. social
  5. enterprising
  6. conventional
51
Q

realistic

A

mechanical, hands on
- men deminated

52
Q

investigative

A

scientific, solve, analyze problems
- male dominated

53
Q

artistic

A

arts, creative, music, writing
- women dominated

54
Q

social

A

working w people and helping people
- women dominated

55
Q

enterprising

A

buisness
- no difference

56
Q

conventional

A

organizing work, routine work with high level of predictablity
- women dominated

57
Q

standford binet intelligence test

A

developed in 1916 for US use

58
Q

wechsler adult intelligence scale

A

currently used IQ test

59
Q

verbal tests

A

information, verbal reasoning, vocabulary comprehension

60
Q

performance subtests

A

picture completion, coding, picture arrangements, book design, object assembly

61
Q

spatial tasks

A

refers to the ability to think and reason using mental images rather than words

62
Q

mental rotation and accuracy hitting a target is greater in

A

men

63
Q

navigation uses landscape is greater in

A

women

64
Q

verbal skills - women

A

they learn to talk earlier than boys have larger vocabularies, better grammar, better readers

65
Q

achievement: college

A

women attend college more than men
- tend to pursue different fields

66
Q

what mindset is better for learning

A

growth

67
Q

null environment hypothesis

A

girls arent encouraged to go into felids that are usually mixed genders

68
Q

self fulfilling prophecy

A
  1. assumption
  2. behavior
  3. assumption comes true
  4. we believe we were right
69
Q

expectancy / value model of acheivement

A

we are socialized to value different things based on gender

70
Q

impact of representation

A

-representation in role models
- representation in materials
- representation in research

71
Q

self report data problems

A

people arent always aware or honest about their emotions

72
Q

retrospective reporting

A

individuals are asked to characterize their subjective well-being or emotions in the past or in general.

73
Q

encoding emotions

A

attention to emotional events in relationships
- less likely to suppress emotions - they become less relevant and you forget about them

74
Q

theory of constructed emotion

A

affective states are similar across people
- we label those based on our enviroment
- predictions of affective states from cues in our enviroment

75
Q

minority stress and resilience theory

A

trans and gender nonconformity folks
- constant stress of coming out or concealing identity

76
Q

interpreting emotions

A

women are better at interpreting emotions than men

77
Q

internal/dispositional

A

something about us as a person that is leading to behavior in a certain way

78
Q

external/situational

A

something about the situation or environment that is leading to behavior certain way

79
Q

who is more likely to give more internal/dispositional attributions

A

women

80
Q

who is more likely to give more external/situational attributions

A

men

81
Q

where do women feel pressured to not be emotional in

A

the workplace

82
Q

direct aggression

A

aggression directed to specific person or target

83
Q

indirect aggression

A

passive, subtle, stuff that harms person but doesn’t directly harm them

84
Q

relational agression

A

trying to harm people in terms of their reputation or relationship between you or others
-silent treatment

85
Q

how many mass shootings are classified as gender-based mass shootings

A

1/3

86
Q

intimate partner violence

A

abuse that occurs within a romantic relationship

87
Q

domestic violence

A

violence within a given household

88
Q

who is at a higher risk for IPV

A

trans, non binary people

89
Q

intimate terrorism

A

rooted in the need for control

90
Q

situational couple violence

A

rooted in the situation
- occasional episodes of violent behavior precipitated by stressful events

91
Q

gaslighting

A

making someone feel crazy

92
Q

causes of IPV

A

traditional gender roles
more common in younger couples
could be linked to power
could also be linked to distorted perception with acceptable interactions
difficulty regulating emotions

93
Q

how many women and men experience rape

A

1 in 5 women and 1 in 75 in men

94
Q

problems with collecting data for rape

A

underreported in people of all genders
means by which data is collected
who is collecting the data
unacknowledged rape

95
Q

rape and sexual assault reporting

A

estimated that rape is one of the most underreported crimes to police

96
Q

common myths

A

the victim wanted to be raped, the perp is usually a stranger, rate of false reports are high, rape is act of sexual desire

97
Q

potential impact of sexual assault

A

depression, ptsd, anxiety, sexual concerns, suicidal thoughts, relational difficulties

98
Q

social factors of aggression

A

social learning theory
=modeling, media influence

99
Q

biological factors of aggression

A

testosterone

gender (3 decks)

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