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anatomy > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Mastoid process

A

Temporal Bone
large and bumpy

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2
Q

styloid process

A

temporal bone
thin and smooth

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3
Q

mandibular fossa

A

temporal bone
articulates with mandible

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4
Q

Occipital condyles

A

occipital bone
where spine connects and head rests

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5
Q

foramen magnum

A

Occipital bone
where spine goes up into head

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6
Q

perpendicular plate

A

ethmoid
part of nasal septum

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7
Q

cribriform plate

A

ethmoid
has perforations for olfactory nerves

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8
Q

crista galli

A

ethmoid

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9
Q

coronal suture

A

joins frontal and parietal

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10
Q

sagittal suture

A

joins left and right parietals

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11
Q

lambdoidal suture

A

joins occipital and parietals

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12
Q

squamous suture

A

joins temporal and parietal

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13
Q

coronoid process

A

mandible
anterior muscle pull up

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14
Q

mandibular condyle

A

mandible
articulates temporal bone

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15
Q

alveolar process

A

maxilla
house upper teeth

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16
Q

palatine process

A

maxilla
anterior portion of hard palate

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17
Q

Hyoid bone

A

only bone that doesn’t articulate with another bone
acts as anchor: important for tasting etc.

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18
Q

Fontanelles

A

soft spot on fetus’s head that allows for brain to grow

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19
Q

vertebrae body

A

supports weight

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20
Q

vertebral arch

A

provides space and protects spinal cord

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21
Q

transverse processes

A

lateral projection

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22
Q

spinous process

A

posterior projection

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23
Q

superior articular processes

A

articulate with superior vertebra

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24
Q

Inferior articular processes

A

articulate with inferior vertebra

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25
Q

Intervertebral disc

A

between bodies of adjacent vertebrae

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26
Q

Intervertebral forarmen

A

between pedicles of adjacent vertebrae; space through which spinal nerves emerge

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27
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

small bodies
transverse foramina
bifid spinous process
atlas
axis

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28
Q

transverse foramina

A

passage within transverse processes

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29
Q

bifid spinous process

A

where two arms of vertebrae meet

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30
Q

Atlas (C1) vertebra

A

no body
no spinous process
articulates with skull

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31
Q

Axis (C2) vertebra

A

Dens: vertical projections that articulate with atlas as a pivot joint

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32
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

medium sized/heart-shaped body
long inferior/posterior-projecting sinuous processes: diagonal
costal facets on body and transverse processes for rib articulation

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33
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

large bodies
large posterior-projecting spinous processes: straight down

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34
Q

sacrum

A

five vertebrae fused int single bone
articulates with ilium bones of pelvis

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35
Q

Coccyx

A

tailbone
generally four vertebra
variable

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36
Q

Manubrium

A

sternum
most superior of three bones
articulates with clavicles, body of sternum below, and ribs

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37
Q

Body: middle of three bones

A

sternum
articulates with manubrium above, Xiphoid process below, and ribs

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38
Q

Xiphoid process

A

inferior of three bones
articulates with body of sternum above and with ribs

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39
Q

what plane are ribs in?

A

sagittal plane: slope down

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40
Q

Ribs 2-10 inclue

A

head, neck , tubercle, angle, shaft

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41
Q

head of ribs

A

articles with body of thoracic vertebrae

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42
Q

neck of ribs

A

constriction distal to head

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43
Q

tubercle of rib

A

posterior bump that articulates with transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae

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44
Q

Angle of rib

A

curve most posterior point of rib cage

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45
Q

shaft of rib

A

body

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46
Q

Costovertebral

A

between head of ribs and bodies of two thoracic vertebra- like body of spinal vertebrae

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47
Q

Costotransverse

A

between tubercle of rib and transverse process of thoracic vertebra- angle of the rib

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48
Q

Sternocostal

A

between costal cartilages of each rib and sternum

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49
Q

True ribs (1-7)

A

cartilage attaches directly to sternum

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50
Q

False ribs (8-10)

A

Cartilages attach indirectly to sternum via other cartilages

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51
Q

floating ribs (11-12)

A

cartialges do not attach to sternum at all

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52
Q

synarthrosis

A

immobile e.g. suture, gomphosis (tooth joint)

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53
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Slightly mobile e.g. syndesmosis (between bones), symphysis (between two pelvic halves)

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54
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Fully mobile e.g. hinge

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55
Q

Fibrous

A

bones connected by collagenous connective tissue e.g. suture (both in no mobility and some mobility)

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56
Q

Cartilaginous

A

bones connected by cartilage only e.g. symphysis

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57
Q

Synovial

A

bones connected by proper synovial joint e.g. hinge

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58
Q

synovial fluid

A

internal joint is filled with

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59
Q

synovial membrane

A

lining of joint capsule

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60
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

lines end of bones at articulating surfaces

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61
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

Clavicle + scapula
Trades stability for mobility

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62
Q

Clavicle

A

Medial end articles with manubrium of sternum
later end articulates with acromion process of scapula

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63
Q

Acromion process

A

Scapula

articulates with lateral end of clavicle, most superior point of scapula

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64
Q

Coracoid process

A

scapula

anterior projection for muscle attachment

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65
Q

spine

A

scapula

posterior ridge terminating in acromion

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66
Q

Supraspinous fossa

A

scapula

posterior area superior to scapular spine

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67
Q

infraspinous fossa

A

scapula

posterior area inferior to scapular spine

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68
Q

Glenoid fossa

A

scapula

articulates with head of humerus

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69
Q

Head

A

Humerus (proximal)

articulates with glenoid fossa of scapula

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70
Q

Anatomical neck

A

humerus (proximal)

between head and tubercles (bumps)

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71
Q

surgical neck

A

humerus (proximal)

constriction distal to head of tubercles

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72
Q

capitulum

A

humerus (distal)

articulates with radius

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73
Q

Trochlea

A

Humerus (distal)

articulates with ulna

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74
Q

Olecranon fossa

A

humerus (distal)

receives olecranon process of ulna

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75
Q

Trochlear notch

A

Ulna

articulates with trochlea of humerus

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76
Q

Olecranon process

A

Ulna

Superior/posterior

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77
Q

coronoid process

A

ulna

anterior

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78
Q

styloid process

A

ulna

distal

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79
Q

Head (radius)

A

articulates with capitulum of humerus; proximal

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80
Q

styloid process (Radius)

A

distal

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81
Q

Carpal bones

A

Scaphoid
lunate
Triquetrum
pisiform

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82
Q

Distal row of metacarples

A

Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium

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83
Q

How many metacarpals in the hand?

A

5

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84
Q

How many phalanges is the hand?

A

14

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85
Q

Glenohumeral joint(classification, articulation, motion)

A

Classification: ball and socket
articulation: glenoid fossa of scapula articulates to head of humerus
motions: flexion/extension of humerus, abduction/adduction of humerus, medial/lateral rotation of humerus

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86
Q

Elbow Joint (classification, articulation, motion)

A

classification: hinge
articulations: trochlea of humorous articulates with trochlear notch of ulna, capitulum of humerus articulates to head of radius
Motion: flexion/extension of forearm

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87
Q

Radioulnar joints (motion)

A

Motion: pronation/supination of forearm

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88
Q

Os Coxa (hip bone)

A

Fusion of three bones: ilium (superior), Pubis (anterior/inferior), ischium (posterior/inferior)

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89
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

left and right coxae + sacrum + connective tissue
function: trade mobility for stability

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90
Q

ilium

A

iliac crest
Greater sciatic notch

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91
Q

Ischium

A

Ischial tuberosity
ischial spine
lesser sciatic notch

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92
Q

Pubis

A

pubic symphysis
obturator foramen

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93
Q

acetabulum

A

region where three bones are fused in pelvic girdle

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94
Q

Sacroiliac joint

A

between sacrum and ilium, amphiarthrosis

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95
Q

Femur (proximal)

A

Head: articulates with acetabulum of coxa
Neck: between head and trochanters/shaft
Greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, gluteal tuberosity

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96
Q

Femur (distal)

A

Lateral/medial condyles: masses at distal end of bone: includes articular surfaces for tibia
Lateral/medial epicondyles: protuberances from sides of condyles

97
Q

Tibia (proximal)

A

Articulates with femur at knee, medial to fibula
Lateral and medial condyles: masses at proximal end of bone; include articular surfaces for femur
Tibial tuberosity: attachment point for patellar ligament

98
Q

Fibula (proximal)

A

Lateral to tibia, does not articulates with femur
Head: articulates with lateral condyle of tibia

99
Q

Tibia/fibula (distal)

A

Medial malleolus: protuberance from medial side of tibia
Lateral Malleolus: protuberance from lateral side of fibula

100
Q

Tarsal bones

A

Talus (articulates with tibia and fibula), Calcaneus (heal), navicular, cuboid, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform

101
Q

How many metatarsals?

A

5

102
Q

how many phalanges in foot?

A

14

103
Q

Hip joint

A

Classification: ball and socket
Articulations: head of femur with acetabulum of coxa
Motion: flexion-extension of femur, abduction-adduction of femur, medial-lateral rotation of femur

104
Q

Knee joint (classification, articulation, connective tissue)

A

classification: hinge
articulation: femoral condyles and tibial condyles
motion: flexion-extension of lower leg
Connective tissue:
Lateral and medial menisci: cartilaginous discs attached to articular surfaces of tibial condyles
Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments: restrict anterior/posterior displacement of Tibia relative to femur (respectively)

105
Q

Patella

A

anterior to distal femur
articulates with femur
structurally part of the knee joint
functionally assists quadriceps muscle in extending the knee

106
Q

Organization of skeletal muscles

A

Muscle -> fascicle (bundle of muscle cells) -> fiber (single muscle cell) -> myofibril -> myofilament

107
Q

Epimysium

A

surrounds muscles

108
Q

Perimysium

A

surrounds fascicles

109
Q

endomysium

A

surrounds fibers

110
Q

Sarcolemma

A

plasma membrane of muscle cells

111
Q

sarcoplasma

A

cytoplasm of muscle cells

112
Q

Myo satellite cells

A

stem cell remnant; repairs and regenerates fibers

113
Q

Tendon

A

narrow muscle attachment structure

114
Q

aponeurosis

A

broad muscle attachment structure

115
Q

origin

A

fixed attachment point of muscle

116
Q

Insertion

A

mobile attachment point of a muscle

117
Q

A muscle’s origin is generally ______ relative to its insertion

A

proximal

118
Q

Action

A

movement assisted by an individual muscle

119
Q

innervation

A

name of nerve supplying individual muscle

120
Q

Sarcomere

A

series of repeating structure within myofibrils
composed of thick/thin myofilaments
smallest functional unit of skeletal muscle

121
Q

Myofilaments

A

actin: thin
Myosin: thick

122
Q

sliding filament model 1

A

contraction begins: Ca released from sarcoplasmic reticulum by action potentials

123
Q

Sliding filament model 2

A

Active site exposure: Ca reveals sites on actin for myosin to bind

124
Q

Sliding filament model 3

A

cross bridge formation: Myosin heads of thick filaments bind to active sites on thin filaments

125
Q

Sliding filament model 4

A

Myosin head pivoting: caused by ADP release from myosin heads of thick filament; results in movement of attached thin filaments

126
Q

sliding filament model 5

A

cross-bridge detachment: ATP binds to myosin heads, breaking cross-bridge

127
Q

sliding filament model 6

A

Myosin reactivation: position of myosin heads reset via ATP breakdown

128
Q

Optimal sarcomere length

A

Maximum tension occurs around resting muscle length, where zone of overlap between thin and thick filaments are high

129
Q

Neuromuscular junction (NHJ)

A

axon terminal of motor neuron meets muscle fiber

130
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

Neurotransmitter released from axon terminal into synaptic cleft
-binding of ACh triggers muscle action potential on sarcolemma

131
Q

Transverse tubule

A

network of indentations in sarcolemma; transmit action potentials to myofibrils

132
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

membrane space surrounding myofibrils; stores and releases Ca to myofibrils for muscle contraction

133
Q

Neural control of muscle fiber contraction

A
  1. Action potential travels to NMJ
  2. NMJ releases ACh into synaptic cleft
  3. ACh binds to sarcolemma, initiating action potential on cell membrane
  4. action potential spreads through T-tubules to sarcoplasmic reticulum
  5. Ca released from sarcoplasmic reticulum to myofibrils
134
Q

Motor unit

A

single neuron+ all fibers it innervates
all or nothing

135
Q

to achieve more force with muscle tension

A

increase number of motor units
increase firing of neurons

136
Q

Tone

A

degree of muscle tension

137
Q

Hypertrophy

A

muscles respond to stimulation by increasing size, tension, and tone

138
Q

Atrophy

A

muscle respond to lack of stimulation by decreasing size, tension and tone

139
Q

Fast fibers

A

anaerobic metabolism, power production, peak activity

140
Q

slow fibers

A

aerobic metabolism, endurance, prolonged activity

141
Q

Distribution of fiber types

A

muscles contain mix of fibers

142
Q

parallel fiber arrangements

A

fascicles aligned with longitudinal axis of muscle

favors speed and range of motion over force

143
Q

Pennate fiber arrangement

A

Fascicles angled relative to longitudinal axis of muscle

favors force over speed or range of motion

144
Q

convergent

A

fascicles cover broad area

overs versatile angles of pull at expense of power

145
Q

Circular

A

fibers arranged in concentric rings around an opening

contraction decreases area of opening

146
Q

Frontalis muscle

A

raises eyebrows

147
Q

Orbicularis Oculi muscle

A

Tightly closed eye

148
Q

Orbicularis oris muscle

A

compresses and purses lips

149
Q

Buccinator muscle

A

compresses cheeks

150
Q

extrinsic eye muscles origin and insertion

A

orbit to eye except for levator palpebrae superioris insters on eyelid

151
Q

Superior rectus (muscle)

A

eye looks up

152
Q

Inferior rectus (muscle)

A

eye looks down

153
Q

medial rectus (muscle)

A

eye looks medially

154
Q

lateral rectus (muscle)

A

eye looks laterally

155
Q

Superior oblique (muscle)

A

eye looks down and laterally

156
Q

Inferior oblique (muscle)

A

eye looks up and laterally

157
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris (muscle)

A

elevates upper eyelid

158
Q

Mastication

A

chewing

159
Q

masseter muscle (Origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin: zygomatic arch
Insertion: lateral surface of mandible
Action: elevates mandible and closes jaw

160
Q

Temporalis muscle (origin, insertion, action)

A

origin: temporal bone
insertion: coronoid process of mandible
action: elevates mandible and closes jaw

161
Q

Medial pterygoid muscle (origin, insertion, action)

A

origin: sphenoid (outer surface of pterygoid process)
Insertion: medial surface of mandible
action: elevates mandible and closes jaw; moves mandible side to side

162
Q

Lateral pterygoid muscle (origin, insertion, action)

A

origin: sphenoid (outer surface of pterygoid process)
insertion: mandibular neck and condyle
action: protrudes mandible and opens jaw; moves mandible side to side

163
Q

Sternocleidomastoid muscle (origin, insertion, action)

A

origin: manubrium (sterno), clavicle (cleido)
insertion: mastoid process
action: flexes neck anteriorly (bilateral contraction); flexes neck laterally and rotates to opposite/contralateral side (unilateral)

163
Q

Genioglossus muscle (origin, insertion, action)

A

origin: medial, internal surface of mandible
insertion: toungue, hyoid bone
action: depresses and protracts toungue

163
Q

infrahyoid muscles

A

most depress larynx and/or hyoid bone

164
Q

suprahyoid muscle

A

elevates larynx and hyoid bone or depresses mandible

165
Q

Scalene muscles (origin, intertion, action

A

Origin – transverse processes of cervical veretebrae
Insertion – ribs 1 and 2
Action – elevates ribs, flex neck anteriorly (bilateral contraction); flex neck laterally and rotate to opposite/contralateral side (unilateral)

166
Q

erector spinae muscles

A

iliocostalis muscle, longissimus muscle, sphinalis muscle

167
Q

Iliocostalis muscle

A

most lateral

168
Q

Longissimus muscle

A

middle of group

169
Q

Spinalis muscle

A

most medial

170
Q

erector spinae muscles actions

A

extend vertebral column (bilateral contraction); flex vertebral column laterally (unilateral)

171
Q

extranal intercostals

A

elevate ribs

172
Q

internal intercostals

A

depress rib

173
Q

oblique muscles of abdomine

A

external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, rectus abdominis

174
Q

External abdominal oblique

A

flexes and rotates trunk; most superficial

175
Q

Internal abdominal oblique

A

flexes and rotates trunk; on middle layer of depth

176
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

flexes trunk; also on middle layer

177
Q

Transversus abdominis

A

compresses abdominal cavity; deepest

178
Q

Diaphragm

A

skeletal muscle, contracion increases volume of thoracic cavity

179
Q

Levator ani

A

tenses pelvic floor, supports pelvic organs

180
Q

Coccygeus

A

elevates and supports pelvic floor

181
Q

External anal sphincter

A

closes anal opening

182
Q

Muscle actions

A

during muscle contraction, the insertion moves towards the origin
if muscle crosses a joint, it must act upon that joint

183
Q

Trapezius (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – occipital bone; spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
Insertion – clavicle; scapula
Action – elevates, retracts, and depresses scapula; extends neck

184
Q

Levator Scapulae (Origin, Insertion, action)

A

Origin – transverse processes of upper cervical vertebrae
Insertion – scapula
Action – elevates scapula

185
Q

Rhomboid major and minor

A

Origin – spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
Insertion – medial edge of scapula
Action – retraction of scapula

186
Q

Serratus anterior (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – anterior aspect of ribs
Insertion – anterior aspect of scapula
Action – protract scapula (i.e. hold it against thoracic wall)

187
Q

Deltoid (Origin, Insertion, action)

A

Origin – clavicle; spine of scapula
Insertion – humerus (deltoid tuberosity)
Action – abduct arm (middle head), flex and medially rotate arm (anterior head), extend and laterally rotate arm (posterior head)

188
Q

Pectoralis major (origin,insertion, action)

A

Origin – clavicle; sternum
Insertion – humerus
Action – flex, adduct, medially rotate arm

189
Q

Latissimus dorsi (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – spinous processes of vertebrae
Insertion – humerus
Action – extend, adduct, medially rotate arm

190
Q

Teres major (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – scapula
Insertion – humerus
Action – extend, adduct, medially rotate arm

191
Q

Supraspinatus (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – scapula (supraspinous fossa)
Insertion – greater tubercle of humerus
Action – abduct arm

192
Q

Infraspinatus (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – scapula (infraspinous fossa)
Insertion – greater tubercle of humerus
Action – laterally rotate arm

193
Q

Teres minor (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – scapula
Insertion – humerus
Action – laterally rotate arm

194
Q

Subscapularis (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – scapula (subscapular fossa)
Insertion – lesser tubercle of humerus
Action – medially rotate arm

195
Q

Biceps Brachii (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – scapula: coracoid process (short head) , supraglenoid tubercle (long head)
Insertion – radius
Action – flex arm; flex and supinate forearm

196
Q

Coracobrachialis (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – coracoid process of scapula
Insertion – humerus
Action – flex, adduct arm

197
Q

Brachialis (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – humerus
Insertion – ulna
Action – flex forearm

198
Q

Triceps brachii (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – scapula (long head) , humerus (medial and lateral heads)
Insertion – olecranon process of ulna
Action – extend forearm

199
Q

anterior compartment of forearm

A

Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis

200
Q

Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion – multiple: lateral side of wrist, medial side of wrist, digits
Action – flex wrist; flex digits; pronate forearm

201
Q

posterior compartment of forearm

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum

202
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum
(origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion – multiple
Action – extend wrist; extend digits; supinate forearm

203
Q

Thenar muscle (insertion, action)

A

Insertion – phalanges of the 1st digit (pollux)
Action – act on thumb: flexion/extension, ab/adduction

204
Q

Hypothenar muscles (insertion, action)

A

Insertion – phalanges of the 5th digit (pinkie)
Action – act on 5th digit: flexion/extension, ab/adduction

205
Q

Palmar interossei (left) (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – metacarpals
Insertion – proximal phalanges
Action – adduct digits 2-4

206
Q

Dorsal interossei (right) (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – metacarpals
Insertion – proximal phalanges
Action – abduct digits 2-4

207
Q

Gluteus maximus (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – iliac crest; sacrum
Insertion – gluteal tuberosity of femur; IT band
Action – extend and laterally rotate thigh

208
Q

Gluteus medius and minimus (origin, insertion, action

A

Origin – ilium
Insertion – greater trochanter of femur
Action – abduct and medially rotate thigh

209
Q

gluteal lateral rotators

A

Piriformis, superior and inferior gemellus, obturator internus, and quadratus femoris

210
Q

Piriformis, superior and inferior gemellus, obturator internus, and quadratus femoris (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – sacrum or ischium
Insertion – greater trochanter of femur
Action – laterally rotate thigh

211
Q

Tensor fascia lata (origin, insertion, action)

A

origin – ilium
Insertion – IT band
Action – tenses IT band & fascia lata; minimal knee flexion

212
Q

quadriceps femoris

A

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius

213
Q

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – femur; rectus femoris from ilium
Insertion – tibia via patellar ligament
Action – extend leg; rectus femoris can also flex thigh

214
Q

sartorius (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – ilium (anterior superior iliac spine)
Insertion – tibia (medial aspect)
Action – flex and abduct thigh; flex leg

214
Q

Medial compartments of the thigh

A

Adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus

215
Q

Adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – pubis
Insertion – femur (posterior aspect)
Action – adduct thigh

216
Q

Pectineus (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – pubis
Insertion – femur (posterior aspect)
Action – adduct and flex thigh

217
Q

Gracilis (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – pubis
Insertion – medial aspect of tibia
Action – adduct thigh; flex leg

218
Q

Biceps femoris (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – ischial tuberosity (and femur)
Insertion – lateral tibial condyle
Action – extend thigh; flex leg

219
Q

hamstrings

A

Biceps femoris, Semimembranosus and semitendinosus

220
Q

Semimembranosus and semitendinosus (origin, insertion, and action)

A

Origin – ischial tuberosity
Insertion – medial tibial condyle
Action – extend thigh; flex leg

221
Q

Tibialis anterior (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – tibia
Insertion – medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
Action – dorsiflex and invert foot

222
Q

Extensor digitorum longus (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – tibia and fibula
Insertion – digits 2-5
Action – extend digits

223
Q

Extensor hallucis (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – fibula
Insertion – distal phalanx of hallux (big toe)
Action – extend digit 1

224
Q

Fibularis longus (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – fibula
Insertion – medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal (approaches from lateral aspect of foot)
Action – plantarflex and evert foot

225
Q

Fibularis brevis (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – fibula
Insertion – 5th metatarsal (lateral aspect of foot)
Action – plantarflex and evert foot

226
Q

Gastrocnemius (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – femur (lateral and medial epicondyles)
Insertion – calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Action – plantarflex foot

227
Q

Soleus (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – tibia, fibula
Insertion – calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Action – plantarflex foot

228
Q

Tibialis posterior (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – tibia and fibula
Insertion – tarsals and metatarsals
Action – plantarflex and invert foot

229
Q

Flexor digitorum longus (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – tibia
Insertion – digits 2-5
Action – plantarflex foot; flex digits 2-5

230
Q

Flexor hallucis (origin, insertion, action)

A

Origin – fibula
Insertion – distal phalanx of hallux (big toe)
Action – flex digit 1

231
Q

frontal bone on orbit

A

top of orbit

232
Q

zygomatic on orbit

A

lateral wall

233
Q

maxilla on orbit

A

bottom of orbit

234
Q

lacrimal on orbit

A

medial (tears)

235
Q
A

anatomy (5 decks)

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